北京化工大学材料导论复习资料.doc

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1、一， 英译中1.BMC,bulkmoldingcompound，块状模塑料2.CMC,ceramicmatrixcomposite，陶瓷基复合材料3.DP,degreeofpolymerization，聚合度4.FRP（GRP）,fiber-reinforcedplastics（glass fiber-reinforced plastics），纤维增强塑料5.LCPs,liquidcrystalpolymers，液晶聚合物6.MMC,metalmatrixcomposite，金属基复合材料7.PMC,polymermatrixcomposite，聚合物基复合材料8.RTM,resintrans

2、fermolding，树脂转移模塑9.SMC,sheetmoldingcompound，片状模塑料10.TP,thermoplastic，热塑性塑料二，连线1.A chainlike molecule made up of smaller molecular units. Polymer 聚合物4.Organic,ceramic,synthetic,or metallic materials with a length of 100 times the diameter, with a minimum length of at least 5mm. Fiber 纤维5.The individu

3、al fibers of indefinite length used in tows ,yarns, or roving. Filament 单丝6.The binder material of a composite, whether organic ,ceramic ,or metallic, that distributes the load among fibers or particulates. Matrix 基体7.Ahuman-made,nearlyperfect,singlecrystalwithadiameterrangingfromabout1to10mandlengt

4、hsupto3cm.Whisker 晶须13.Theratioofthetensilestrengthofafibermaterialtoitsweightdensityormassdensity. Specific strength 比强度16.Theamountofreinforcementinacompositematerial.Fiber loading 纤维载量17.Variation in the molecular structure of the same composition. Isomers 异构体21.The time-dependent permanent defor

5、mation that occurs under stress. Creep 蠕变25.An indicator of a materials resistance to the extension of a preexisting crack. Fracture toughness 断裂韧性26.Theadditivecanbeselectedtomoderatetheplasticsthatareusedforaircraftstoragecompartmentssubjecttofire。另一种解释：The additive used for preventing oxygen reac

6、tion and by improving charring Flame redardants 阻燃剂28.A bonding agent or binder that provides a flexible layer at the interface between fiber and matrix. Coupling agent 偶联剂30.A complex solid material composed of two or more materials that are combined by physical means and do not lose their identity

7、. Composite 复合材料32.Compositeswithasubstancethatisreinforcedwithnanometersizeparticleswhichenhancethesubstratesphysicalproperties. Nanocomposites 纳米复合材料33.A progress to saturate the voids andinterstices of reinforcements with a resin. Preimpregnation 预浸34.Regin-impregnated filaments,fabric or mat in

8、flat form that is preimgregnated with resin before being stored for later use in molds and in hand lay-up. Prepreg 预浸材料35.A flat arrangement of unidirectional fibers or woven fibers in a matrix. Lamina 薄板36.One type of composites which consists of layers of at least two different solid materials bon

9、ded together so the fiber orientation runs at different angles.Laminar composites层状复合材料37.Any substance or combination of substances synthetic or natural origin, which can be used for any period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system which treats ,augments,or replaces any tissue, organ,or func

10、tion of the body. Biomaterial 生物工程材料38.One type of composites which combines two or more different fibers in a common matrix. Hybrid composites 混杂复合材料39.Biomaterial are evaluated for biofunctionality and biocompatibility in a test tube or in a controlled artificial environment ,for example, a contro

11、lled environment outside a living organism. In vitro testing 体外实验40.A copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene ,which has excellent resistant to oil, kerosene ,and gasoline.NBR 丁晴橡胶41.Those have been foamed or had gas and or air entrapped in the polymer resins to reduce the density of the finished p

12、roduct. Cellular plastics 泡沫塑料42.A premixed material of short fibers preimpregnated with resin and various additives. BMC 块状模塑料三，选择题11.Which of the following comparison is correct? Thermal conductivity: metalplastics ,thermal expansion: metalplastics 导热系数：金属大于塑料，热膨胀系数：金属小于塑料，密度：金属大于塑料24.Nanocomposit

13、es are composites with a substance that is reinforced with nanometer size particles which enhance the substrates physical properties . Nanocomposites 纳米复合材料 27.Directional properties（定向特征） in fiber composites are achieved mainly due to fiber orientation纤维定向作用28.Which composites fabrication technique

14、(制造技术) can only use chopped（切碎） fibers in their end-use products? Spay up ,and except this method, compressing ,resin transfer molding ,structural reaction injection molding are involved in closed molding 29.Which of the following composites fabrican techniques can only use continuous roving? Filame

15、nt winding 纤维缠绕and it is also a continuous fiber composites progressing.30.In which of the following fiber orientations, a maximum of fiber loading in composites can be achieved? Unidirectional 单向的31.Thermoplasics plastics are generally best for which of the following type of service conditions? Imp

16、act32.PC provides the substrate for CD-ROMS because they possess excellent optical properties as well as hardness and toughness.33.What properties allow plastics compete strongly with optical glasses? Better toughness and low density34.Which of the following substance is not used to produce carbon f

17、ibers? Pregreg 预浸材料36.Wood should be considered as a valuable engineering material because the raw materials are renewable 可再生的 , whereas those for most other material are not 42.Steel is not a true composite 43.Diamond is a transparent crystalline carbon.44.Bonding agent结合剂 or binder that provides

18、a flexible layer between the fiber and the matrix is coupling agent 偶联剂45.What terms describe cross-linking in rubber? Netting index and vulcanization46.Plywood is an example of Laminar composites.层状复合材料47.Environmental degradation is greater than that experienced by either component material alone

19、is not the advantage of polymer matrix composites.48.To prevent wood from warping, splitting,and checking, it is important to control moisture. 湿度49.A problem with wood not found in most other engineering materials is Rotting 腐坏50.The ratio of the tensile strength of a fiber material to its weight d

20、ensity or mass density. Specific strength 比强度51.What dose the netting index indicate about a polymer? Degree of hardness 硬度52.For the most commonly used plastics ,the maximum continuous-service-temperature is less than 15053Cellulosics纤维 are considered as highly flammable（易燃的）54.Coke and Charcoal焦炭和

21、木炭 are amorphous（无定型的） forms of carbon.55.Boron fibers硼纤维 are composites with tungsten, silica coated with graphite, or carbon filaments as a substrate upon which boron is deposited by a vapor-deposition.(CVD)57.To reduce the number of voids is not the functional of a matrix used in polymer matrix c

22、omposites.58.The requirement for matrix used in composites:1.Ability to adhere to the fibers 2.No significant chemical reaction between the two phase 3.Thermochemical compatibility between the fibers and matrix material.59The advantage of Carbon/Carbon composites:1.Stronger at high temperatures than

23、 at low temperature 2.High specific strength 3.Good resistance to thermal shock.61.Which feature is associated with the compression molding technique:1.Producing parts with complex shapes and close tolerances 2.High part-to-part uniformity and reproducibility 3.Excellent control of fiber-to-resin ra

24、tios and low void content.62.Which statements true concerning the objectives of applying coupling agent onto fiber:1.To protect the fiber surface from damage and blind fibers together for ease of processing 2.To lubricate the fibers for less abrasion during subsequent processing operations 3.To prov

25、ide a chemical link between the fibers surface and matrix and improve the bonding at the interface .63.Which statement are associated with the compression molding technique:1.Producing parts with complex shapes and close tolerances 2.High part-to-part uniformity and reproducibility 3.Excellent contr

26、ol of fiber-to-resin ratios and low void content .64.Which of the following statement is true for compression molding:1.This process uses a matched die 2.The charge materials for compressing molding are in the form so SMCs or BMCs 3.Pressure and temperature are required in the process .65.Which are

27、the advantage of using prepregs:1.Elimination of the handling of liquid resins 2.Simplification of the manufacturing 3.Savings in the cost with small production lots.66.Which property are the advantages of graphite fibers :1.creep and fatigue resistance 2.specific modulus and strength 3.dimensional

28、stability.67.Which of the following statement are true for describing Kevlar fiber:1.It is liquid-crystalline polymer and its molecules are rodlike 2.It is an aromatic polyamide fiber 3.It has isotropy with high strengths and tensile modulus in the fiber-longitudinal direction.68.Which of the follow

29、ing statement are true for describing an interphase in a fiber-reinforced composite:1.It is region between interfaces 2.It is a distinct phase 3.It plays an important role in contributing to the properties of composites.75.Which common characteristics are associated with the third-generation biomate

30、rials:1Biodegradability 2.Resorbable property 3.Bioactive property.76.Biocompatibility(生物相容性) is defined as “the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application”.77.Antioxidants(抗氧化剂) are used to prevent polymers from aging or dry rot from the sunlight.78

31、.Which are the common phenomenos of thermoplastics deterioration:1.Discoloration 2.Swelling 3.Cracking.79.Accelerators are used in curing system to speed up the sulfur vulcanizing.80.Addition polymerization. is a chemical reaction in which simple molecules are added to each other to form long chain

32、molecules without by-products四，填空题（找不到的在连线题里找）1. According to the matrix materials, composites are classified into Metal matrix composite; Ceramic matrix composite; Polymer matrix composite.2. Specific tensile strength is the ratio of the tensile strength of a fiber material to its weight density.3.

33、 The ratio of length(L) to(D) diameter of a reinforcing fiber is know as aspect ratio.4. The four basic types of hybrid composites are Interply Hybird; Intraply Hybird; Interply /Intraply Hybird,and superhyhybird.5. Interface is a surface that forms a common area or boundary similar in many respects

34、 to grain boundaries between any two constituents in a monolithic material.6. Fiber is a material having a length at least 100 times its diameter, with a minimum length of at least 5mm.7. Graphite fibers are not good in oxidation resistance.8. Filler is a material added to another material to alter

35、its physical and mechanical properties significantly or to decrease its costs.9. Boron fibers are composites with tungsten, silica coated with graphite ,or carbon filaments as a substrate upon which boron is deposited by a vapor-deposition process(CVD).10. Specific modulus is the ratio of the tensil

36、e modulud of a fiber material to its weight density.11. The dry wood used as an engineering material is composed of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, extractives, and ash-forming mineral.12. Plastics can be grouped into thermoplastics and thermosets.13. A fiber reinforced composite is primarily com

37、posed of fiber, matrix, coupling agent.14. Carbon and graphite fibers are different in modulus,carbon content and pyrolyzing temperature. Graphite fibers have the greater specific modulus.五判断题1.Most wood has very good workability because of the uniformity of its structure. F2.Condensation polymeriza

38、tion usually produces thermosetting polymers only. F3.Chemical resistance will decrease plastics as temperature increase. T4.ER and MR fluids change from liquids to gels in milliseconds with the application of external forces. T5.Polymers are semicrystalline in varying degrees, ranging from mostly a

39、morphous to mostly crystalline. T6.There is a physical cross-linking in the rubber network of thermoplastics rubbers. T7.The materials in fiber form have much higher strength and stiffness than in bulk form. T8.E-glass is stronger than S-glass. F9.The disadvantages of polymer matrix composites such

40、as residual stresses .electrochemical effects and greater environmental degradation are resulted from the two-part structures in the composites. T10.The strength of the composite increases as the loading of the reinforcing fiber increases. T11.Chemical resistance is not dependent of temperature. F12

41、.Vulcanization of rubber uses sulfur to transfer it from thermoplastic polymer into a thermosetting polymer. T13.The strength of an indivial fiber or a brittle material is adversely affected by defects or flaw. T14.Thermoplastics adhesives are generally serviceable at temperatures above the thermose

42、ts. F15.Most thermosetting polymers come from chain reaction polymerization. F16.Plastics are low in both thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion. F17.Composites can be designed to have isotropic properties, or anisotropic properties. T18.Polymers absolutely cannot serve as conduct

43、ors because their electrons are locked in covalent bonding. F19.There is no difference between the corrosion of metals and the deterioration of thermoplastics in terms of weight. F20.One of the functions of a matrix used in polymer matrix composites is to reduce the number of voids. F21.The hardness

44、 of plastics closely correlates to wear or abrasive resistance. F22.The continuous-service-temperature of plastics would increase with an increase in stress. F23.Thrmoplastics rubbers progress easier than do most thermosetting rubbers. T24.Amorphous structure in a material decreases its degree of tr

45、ansparency. F25.The creep resistance of thermosets is better than that of thermoplastics. T26.Thermosetting plastics are generally better than thermoplastics in toughness and impact resistance.F27.Most plastics lose their strength at relatively low temperature. T28.Carbon composites have good resist

46、ance to oxidation at high temperature. F29.Since larger repeat units ,bulkier side groups, chain branches, and polar side groups each tend to inhibit molecular motion, they also tend to increase the glass transition temperature. T30.NBR and Fluoroelastomers have excellent resistance to oil, kerosene

47、, and gasoline. T31.IIR has little resistance to gas permeating. F32.ER and MR fluids change with variations in the application of either current or magnetic fields .T33.Usually in brittle materials, the lager the flaw, the less the ability to withstand any degree of load .T34.Use landfilling method

48、 to treat MSW is the least desirable but the most common method. T35.Hot-melt adhesives usually have longer curing time than loss-of-solvent adhesives. F36.As the wind angle increases, the hoop tensile strength decreases and the axial tensile strength increases in filament winding processing. F37.Resin transfer molding, Injection molding, and Spay up are closed molding processes. F38.Boron fiber is a composite fiber. T39.Both strength and stiffness o materials in fi