八年级下英语(外研版)全部知识点总复习.docx
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1、外研版八年级英语下册短语学问点集MODULE1五种简洁句歌决英语简洁句,五种构造型,缩简句子后,构造自清楚,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人与物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完好,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。1、 主语+不及物动词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完好。2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)系动词:be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound 3、主语及物动词宾语(SVO)4、
2、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+干脆宾语(SVOO)干脆宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)6、there be 句型。tidy up 整理, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,fan the flame煽动心情, a movie fan , 影迷, u
3、n反义前缀,tidy-untidy, happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortable at least至少, 祈使句,确定以动词原形开头,反问用will you /wont you,否认用Dont +动词原形,反问用will you ,Lets 用shall wetake up占据,代词放中间 take away拿走 ,take sth. back,收回某物 take .to 把带到.take off脱 下,起飞 take place发生 ,take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语形/副时可互换a bit of =a litt
4、le,有点儿,修饰不行数名词 on time按时 , in time刚好 , from time to time有时 ,a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,have a good time ,玩得兴奋be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生爱好指人的不定代词: somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing play the
5、 violin ; ,play +the+乐器, play+球,世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用themake+宾语+宾语补足语(使.处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,make sb/sth + 形 使某人/某物 后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,四看see, look at ,watch ,notice,半扶植help,make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事, make money赚钱,make a living谋 生, m
6、ake trouble引起费事, make friends with sb.与某人交挚友, make war 开战, make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,make .from用.制成(用被动) be made of用.制成(用被动) make fun of 取笑,与开玩笑, make room for 为让地方, make up 编造, make up ones mind 决心,拿定办法,如今完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对如今造成的影响与结果,或持续到如今的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for
7、 + some time ,since,at the end of 在终点,在末尾,(时间,位置) by the end of =not later thanby the end of 到末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时by the end of+如今时间,用于如今完成时,in the end =at last =finally,最终end(动词) up with以完毕, come to an end 告终,完毕 , begin with以开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生,意料中发生的事,
8、happen是偶尔发生的, be famous for因.而知名,(外界客观)be famous as作为.而知名,(本身身份) be good for 对有益 be good at擅长, a collection of.的保藏 ,have/ take an interest in 对某事感爱好, give an interview,会面,做访谈as a result结果, as a result of 由于,因为,also 也,确定句中,too也,确定/疑问句,句末,(逗号),either也,否认,句末,逗号, as well也,确定,句末, be sure确信,信任, in life一生中
9、, all ones life一生,终身 buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑,思索,想起, think of想起 think over思索look after=take care of =care for,照看 look over, 检查,查看, look for找寻, look up 查找/向上看, be popular with,受的欢送 when , while, as的用法:when可引用可持续性与非持续性,主从句的动词是非持续性,只用when while引用可持续性,主从句的动词是可持续性,只用whileas常 用于同时发生的be use
10、ful to/for 对.有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于useful 反义词useless ,比拟级前加more ,最高级前加most ,develop ,名词development ,developing 开展中.developed 兴旺的,success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败someothers没有范围的“一些另一些”,但不是全体,somethe others某一范围的 “一些.其他”的,表全体,one .another不定数目中的“一个另一个”one .the
11、 other两者中的“一个另一个”spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth. sb. spend(s) some time on sth.sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.cost: sth cost sb. some moneytake : It takes sb. some time to do sthIt takes sb .some money to buy s
12、th .Its +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界缘由,Its +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质,remember/forget to do sth.想起/遗忘要做某事,remember/forget doing sth.想起/遗忘做过某事。 in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,start ,begin当用于进展时,后用to +V原,主语是物时,后用+to V原,such as 像,例如, for example 句首,句中,用逗号隔开,缩写e.g, as well as连接两一样的内容 , come out 出版
13、,开放,出现,probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首, maybe可能性很小,口语, 句首perhaps或许 句首,句中what do you think of =how do you likeshow sb .sth =show sth to sb. try to do sth 努力做某事, try doing sth.尝试做某事try/do ones best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事), try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,动词后只跟 V-ing 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,feel
14、 like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,cant help, 主语是人need to do sth 须要做某事,, 主语是物need doing须要被做某事,dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明,就近原则: not onlybut also ,不仅.而且 eitheror .不是就是,或者.或者neithernor 既不也不,there be 动词以最近的主语为标准 MODULE 2 宾语
15、从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。引导词展示关:1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;2. 特别疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词if或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以交换。不能省略。语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般如今时或将来时,从句不受影响,依据从句自身的状况选用时态。2.主句是过去时,从句也确定用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进展时等
16、)3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一般如今时。(以Could you tell me ./ would you tell me .开头的不能用过去时态。)否认转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否认意义转移到主句,(反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)转换“变脸”关:一些动词:tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接(副)词+不定式(连接副词why除外)也就是疑问词+动词不定式(to)实行会议hold a meeting; (不挂断)等一
17、下hold the line ,hold on, if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。E.g I dont care if it will rain.if当“假如”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般如今时。 I will have a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 接近于close to , 停顿,关闭close down hear of/about听说;hear from sb,收到某人的来信; hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。In加一段时
18、间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。be different from与.不同; be excited about对.感到兴奋/激烈;为什么不做某事呢,做.怎么样?Why dont you do that=why not do that提建议:Lets do sth! Shall we/I do sth What (how) about doing sthsometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;some time一段时辰表,some times几次, 几倍, sometimes 有时常用于一般如今时/一般过去时。alone 强调单独的个体,多作表语。 lonel
19、y表示感情上的孤独。laugh at sb.讪笑某人, laugh oneself to death笑得要死;worry about sb/sth.担忧某人/某事;be worried about=worry about担忧的,忧虑的; as usual照常,像平常一样;than usual较平常. a unusual man一个不寻常的人, pass by过去(人)从旁而过pass on (to)接着前进,传递;touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦, be in touch with与.接触;keep in touch with与.保持联络; get in (into)
20、 touch with与.获得联络;lose touch with与.失去联络, touch off触发,激起。It doesnt matter.没关系; the matter费事事;no matter how(what, when ,where.)不管怎样(什么,哪里,何时.)How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;how much多少,用于不行数名词数量或价格提问,how old 多大,对年龄进展提问;how long多长,多久,对一段时间与物体长度进展提问,how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人与树;how often多久,对事物的频率进展提问,如对这些提
21、问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month等how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问how far多远,对间隔 进展提问。how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;be afraid of doing sth.担忧,胆怯发生某种后果; be afraid to do sth be afraid that 从句make friends with sb.与某人交挚友, a piece of advice一条建议a piec
22、e of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。not.any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,not .any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再持续。 常语:Is that sb.(speaking) This is sb (speaking) Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb Hold on ,please. Can I take a meesag
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