天津初一英语下册知识点总汇.docx

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1、天津初一英语下册学问点总汇Unit 1.Wheres the post office目的语言：ask for and give directions on the street重点句型：Is there a bank near here Yes, theres a bank on Center Street. Is there a supermarket Yes, there is. No, there isnt. Wheres the supermarket Its next to the library. The pay phone is across from the library.

2、The pay phone is next to the library. The pay phone is between the post office and the library. The pay phone is on Green Street. Just go straight and turn left. Its down Bridge Street on the right. Its next to a supermarket. Is there a big supermarket near where you live重点词组：across from, on the str

3、eet, betweenand, next to, in the neighborhood, go straight, turn left, on the right(left), on the avenue, take a walk, in the hotel, the beginning of, have fun doing, on a bench, the way to, take a taxi, go down, go through, have a good trip,welcome to+n.，the way to+n去。的路，hope to do学问点：1there be 句型

4、1there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人。 2各种句型构造： 确定句： Therebe is/are 某物/某人地点/时间。 否认句： Therebeis/arenot某物/某人地点/时间。 一般疑问句： BeIs/Arethere某物/某人地点/时间？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 beis/arethere其它？ e.g. There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。 否认句： There isnt a pencil on the desk. 桌子上没有铅笔。 一般疑问句： Is there a pencil on the desk 桌子上有铅

5、笔吗？ 特殊疑问句划线部分提问： Whats on the desk 桌子上有什么？ 留意： There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要依据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原那么。 e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。 There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk. 2Where引导的特殊疑问句句式：Where +一般疑问句？用法：表示“在哪儿，提问地点，方位等。1) 询问来自何处-

6、Where are you from-I am from England.2) 询问去何处 -Where are you going - I am going to the zoo.3) 询问物品位置 -Where are my shoes -They are under your bed.4) 询问某人位置 -Where is Tom -Look! He is in the tall tree.【留意】1和不熟识的英美人见面打招呼时，不能问Where are you going因为这涉及到对方的隐私。否那么，对方有可能说“Its none of your business.这不管你的事。 2

7、在英语中，询问某人地址在哪，用Whats your address 3. 在答复某人，某物所处的位置时，确定要用准表示方位的介词。如at,in,on,next to, near等。3本单元的方位介词 across from在。对面 next to 紧挨着 between and在。及。之间 on 在。上 in 在。里4.词语辨析 across & through Across 和through两个介词都有“穿过的意思， 用法却不同。Across的含义及on有关，表示动作在某一物体的外表进展，常指从宽度意思上讲的“横穿/跨。Through的含义in有关，表示动作在某物体的空间进展。 Arrive

8、 in& arrive atArrive at表示到达较小的地方；arrive in表示到达较大的地方。5Let sb.(宾格)do sth.让某人做某事。Let后面的动词要用动词原形。6问路的句式小结：1“特殊疑问句类句型a) Excuse me. Where is the ,pleaseb) Excuse me. Which is the way to the,pleasec) Excuse me. How can I get to the, please2)“一般疑问句类句型a) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to theb) Could /Ca

9、n you tell me the way to thec) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the,pleased) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to thee) Excuse me. Is this the right way to thef) Excuse me. Do you know the way to theunit 2 Why do you like koala bears目的语言：Describe animals; express preferences重点句型：Lets see th

10、e lions. Why do you want to see the lions Because they are cute. Why does he like koala bears Because they are kind of interesting. Where are lions from They are from Africa. What animals do you like I like elephants. What other animals do you like I like dogs, too.重点词组：want to do sth.想要做某事，kind of有

11、点儿，be from=come from来自，years old。岁，play with及。一起玩，at night在夜里，在晚上，get up起床，every day每天，look at 看,give sb. sth=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人，be friendly to sb对某人友好强调对某人的看法be friendly with sb和某人友好强调和某人的关系in a friendly way以友好的方式，go to sleep就寝，入睡 get to sleep入睡由于某种缘由睡不着，想方设法入睡fall asleep入睡入睡的状态go to bed上床睡觉不确定

12、睡着学问点：1 why ,what, where引导的特殊疑问句及其答复1） 句型构造：Why/What/Where+一般疑问句？2） 语法功能：why用来询问缘由，what一般用来对物提问，另外what还用来对职业提问，如，What is he他是做什么的？，where对地点提问。2 kind的用法kind of有点，略微；a kind of一种；kinds of各种kind 作形容词，为“和善的，好心的She is a kind woman.她是个和善的女人。3 Other作形容词时，为“其他的，另外的，用做定语。后接不行数名词或可数名词复数形式。4 年龄的表达方式He is 12 yea

13、rs old.He is 12.His age is 12.5. Isnt he cute此句为否认疑问句，表达一种赞许，往往不须要对方答复，句末用降调。如，Isnt the film very interesting莫非这部电影不是很好玩吗？ Doesnt he like watching TV莫非他不喜爱看电视吗？【留意】在答复这种否认疑问句时，和汉语的习惯不同。假如是确定答复，用yes开头，假如是否认答复，用no开头。但是翻译成汉语时，yes或no要按其反意翻译。如，Doesnt he want to go there Yes, he does.莫非他不想去那里吗？不， 他想去。6.du

14、ring在期间，在某段时间内，如I like traveling during summer holidays. 我喜爱在暑假旅游。7.at night & in the nightat night意为“在夜里“在晚上“天黑时，指在一天的部分时间，常常是下午6时至午夜这一段时间；in the night指“在夜里指从天黑到天明这一整段时间。8.also位于句中；either位于句尾，用于否认句；too也表示“也，一般位于句尾。9.第10页的1要求记住；第9页的3a要求记住。10.关于“like的问句1) Why do you like这是提问者问对方为什么喜爱某人或某物，干脆寻求对方所说话的缘

15、由。-Why do you like the panda你为什么喜爱熊猫？-Because it is very lovely.因为它很得意。2) Do you like doing.这是提问者问对方习惯上喜爱什么，意为“你喜爱。吗？其中like doing指喜爱干某事，相当于enjoy doing。-Do you like working in China你喜爱在中国工作吗？3) Do you like to do.这是提问者问对方目前的一时爱好。其中like to do指如今想干某事，相当于want to do。表示某种愿望。Do you like to have a cup of tea

16、你想喝杯茶吗？4) How do you like这是用来询问对方对某人或某物的看法，意为“你觉得。怎么样？How do you like相当于What do you think of How do you like China你觉得中国怎么样？5) What do you like这是用来询问对方一贯性的爱好，意为“你喜爱什么？留意这一句式及What would you like你想要什么？不同。Would like为一固定表达方式，用来询问对方当时的意向。-What do you like你喜爱什么？-I like books.我喜爱书。-What would you like你想要什么？

17、-Id like some apples.我想要些苹果。6Whats the weather like.这句用来询问天气状况，意为“。天气状况怎么样？此句可用Hows the weather like交换。unit 3 Id like a large pizza.目的语言：Order food重点句型：Id like a pizza. What would you like on it Mushrooms,green pepers and onions,please. Id like a large /medium/small pizza. What kind of pizza would y

18、ou like Id like a pepperoni pizza, please. What size pizza would he like Hed like a small pizza. Whats your address Its 223Green Street. Id=I would hed=he would theyd=they would重点词组：would like, green pepper, iced tea, orange juice, hot dog, at Pizza Express, house of pizza, as well as, a medium pizz

19、a学问点：名词的单复数形式 在英语中，名词分为可数名词和不行数名词，但凡能一个一个或一件一件数的人或事物，其名词就是可数名词。可数名词可分为单数或复数两种形式，表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式。名词单数形式就是通常在课本单词表或词典中出现的形式。绝大多数复数形式是在单数名词后加-s或-es构成。 名词分可数名词和不行数名词，可数名词有复数形式。可数名词复数的构成有如下规那么： 一般加-s，如：deskdesks s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es，如：busbuses, watchwatches 以 f, fe结尾，改f, fe为v，再加-es，

20、如：leafleaves 以“辅音字母y结尾，改y为i，再加-es，如citycities 以“辅音字母o结尾，加-es，如：tomato tomatoes 一般复合名词，只将主体名词变复数，如： boy studentboy students 以 man, woman开头和结尾的复合名词，规那么不同： FrenchmanFrenchmen, woman teacherwomen teachers 不规那么改变： footfeet, childchildren 单、复数同形的状况：sheepsheep, ChineseChinese中国人 只有复数形式的状况： people, clothes,

21、 trousers what引导的问句1问姓名：What is your name你叫什么名字？2问职业：Whats your father你爸爸是做什么的？3问事物：Whats that on the desk桌子上是什么？4)问颜色：What color is the rainbow彩虹是什么颜色的？5问号码：Whats your phone number你的 号码是多少？问尺码：What size would you like你想要多大号的？问地址：Whats your address你的地址是什么？问种类：What kind of animals do you like你喜爱什么样的动

22、物？情态动词would的用法用以提出建议或邀请。如，Would you like a sandwich你想吃三明治吗？及like, love连用表示教合意愿的做法。如，Id love/like a coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。句式构造：would like sth.(名词或代词)想要某物=want sth.I d like a pizza.我想要一份比萨饼。would like to do sth.想要做某事want to do Id like to have supper.我想要吃晚饭。would like sb. to do.渴望想要某人做某事want sb. to doId like y

23、ou to play with me.我想要你和我一起玩。含would like的陈述句变一般疑问句，干脆把情态动词would提早，Would you like/love？比Do you want？语气委婉，常用于口语。对此问题的确定答复一般为Yes, Id like/love to,还可以是Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./Ok.等。4就餐用语全接触1) May I take your order2) What would you like to eat/drink3) Id like to drink coffee without milk.4) Id like

24、 some meatballs.5) Here is the bill.这是帐单。6) Wait, let me have the bill.等一下，我来买单。5名词全部格英语中有些名词加“s表示全部关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词全部格。名词全部格的构成有如下规那么： 有生命的名词一般加“s构成，以s结尾的复数名词加“。 无生命的名词一般用“全部物of全部者。 a map of Japan 一幅日本地图 a door of the classroom 教室的门 the name of the school 学校的名字 the son of my friend 我挚友的儿子 但请留意以下说法

25、的不同含义： 表时间、间隔 、国家、城镇、机构、团体、价格等的名词，可用以上两种方式构成全部格。 并列的名词表各自全部，须在各词词尾分别加“s；表共同全部，须在后一个名词词尾加“s。 Tom and Jacks car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车两人合用 Toms and Jacks cars 汤姆和杰克的小汽车两人各有一辆。unit 4 I want to be an actor.目的语言：Talk about jobs重点句型：What do you do Im a doctor. What does she do Shes a doctor. What do you want to be I w

26、ant to be an actor. What does he want to be He wants to be a blank clerk. Where does your sister work She works at a hospital. Does she work in a hospital No, she doesnt. Does she work late Yes, she does. Is it an exciting job Yes, it is.重点词组：a girl of six years old六岁的女孩 an international call国际 as s

27、oon as possible尽可能快地 as well as possible尽可能好地 asas象。一样 in a hospital在医院里 in hospital生病住院 work with及打交道，及。在一起工作 be late for迟到 go out出去 be afraid of胆怯 wait for sb.等候某人 in the future在将来 in future从今以后学问点：1“职业的几种询问方式1) 询问某人如今从事何种职业a) What +do/does+某人+dob) What+be+某人？ What do you do你是做什么工作的？ Whats your br

28、other 你哥哥是干什么的？【留意】What+do/does+某人+do句型有时还可以用来询问某人常常做什么事情。如，What do you do every evening你每天晚上干什么？2询问某人如今的工作地Where + do/does+主语+workWhere do you work你在哪工作？I work in a factory.我在工厂工作。【留意】当想确认对方的职业时，可用“Are you+职业？如，Are you a doctor你是医生吗？Yes, I am.是的。3询问某人将来的工作 What do/does+某人+want to beWhat do you want

29、 to be你想要从事什么职业？I want to be a reporter.我想成为一名记者。【留意】动词后面加-er 或-r或-or,一般那么变成从事这种动作的人，常见的形式有：write-writer,act-actor,run-runner.cook是兼类词，表示“厨师，cooker为“炊具。2as的用法1) Prep.作为 You must work hard as a student.作为一名学生你必需努力学习。2) Conj.当。时候 As I was walking down the street, I met an old friend.我在街上走的时候，遇见了一位老挚友。

30、3) Conj.因为 As he is ill, he is away from school.因为他生病了，所以没来上学。【留意】as用于表示不是很重要的或众所周知的理由时，语气教弱；假如说话人强调某种理由时，那么用because来表达。4prep.按照。，如。常用来引导从句。 I will do as you say.我将依据你说的做。5asas.象。一样She is as tall as her mother.她和她妈妈一样高。3.名词构词法：-er: farmer, jumper-or: inventor, visitor-ist: scientist, artist-ess: act

31、ress, waitress-ese: Chineseunit5 How was your weekend 目的语言：talk about recent past events 重点句型：What did you do over the weekend On Saturday morning, I played tennis. How was your weekend It was great. For most kids, the weekend was a mixture of fun and work.重点词组：do homework做作业 play soccer踢足球 clean th

32、e room清扫房间 go to the beach去海滩 go to the movies 去看电影 over the weekend=at the weekend=on the weekend在周末 study for the test打算考试 have a party实行晚会 stay at home呆在家里 do some reading读书 practice English练习英语 play the guitar弹吉他 on the afternoon of last Sunday在上个星期日下午 an interesting talk show好玩的谈话节目学问点：1 议论过去的事

33、用语介绍：1) What did you do last night-I watched TV at home.2) Where did you go last Sunday-I went to the zoo.3) Whom did you visit yesterday-I went to see my uncle.4) Did you read a book this morning-No, I didnt. I wrote a letter to my father.在议论刚刚发生的事情就须要用一般过去时，这时谓语动词用过去式形式，句中多有last night, last month,

34、 last year, yesterday, two days ago, in1978等表示过去的时间状语。2 一般过去时1) 一般过去式的构成：规那么动词过去式的改变可速记为“直，去，双，改四字诀。a) 一般状况下在动词原形后干脆加-ed.如，want-wantedb) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed，如，hope-hopedc) 重读闭音节单词需双写最终一个辅音字母再加-ed.如，stop-stoppedd) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed.如，study-studied. 不规那么动词改变，要逐一熟记。Be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一，三人称单数形式用wa

35、s,其别人称用were.2) 一般过去时的形式a) Be动词过去式的句式。否认句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasnt/were not=werent。一般疑问句是把was/were提早并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。b) 实义动词过去式的句式：确定式：主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday. 否认式：主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didnt have a good time yesterday. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？确定答复：Yes,主语+did. 否认答复：No,主语+did

36、nt.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？如，What time did you finish your homework3） 一般过去时的用法：a) 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b) 表示故去常常或反复发生的动作，常及often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.c) 及when等连词

37、引导的状语从句连用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.4)表示一般过去时的时间状语： a moment ago刚刚 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now刚刚3Over的用法1over the weekend中的over意思是“在期间相当于during.2)over表示“在正上方“不接触物体外表；on表示“在.上面物体是可以接触到的.over的反义词under.3)over也表示超过,多于相当于more than4)all over

38、the world这里的over是普及的意思.5)over there中的over是 “越过,在那边4. “do some+动名词构造,表示 “做.,干.,进展.其中动名词作宾语. 如,do some washing 洗衣服5. practice doing练习做某事6.介词on, in, at都表示时间. On用于某日的时间前; in用于某年或某月的时间前;at用于几点的时间前.unit 6 Where are the jazz music目的语言:ask for and give directions inside a building重点句型:Wheres the classical m

39、usic Go upstairs and turn right.Its next to the jazz music. Wheres the dance music Go straight and turn left. Its between the pop and the country. Whats Bobs favorite kind of music His favorite music is classical Whos Carlas favorite group Her favorite group is Boys from Brazil. Do you like the Lati

40、n Sound No, I dont. Theyre awful. Wheres the dance music section I dont know.重点词组:in front of, and so on, turn left, go upstairs, next to, betweenand,a kind of, on the right, have fun学问点:1问路的句式小结：1“特殊疑问句类句型d) Excuse me. Where is the ,pleasee) Excuse me. Which is the way to the,pleasef) Excuse me. Ho

41、w can I get to the, please2)“一般疑问句类句型g) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to theh) Could /Can you tell me the way to thei) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the,pleasej) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to thek) Excuse me. Is this the right way to thel) Excuse me. Do you know the way to t

42、he2议论喜爱的歌手,歌曲和音乐组合1) Do you like music-Yes, I like music very much/a lot/a little. -No, I dont like music at all.2)- Are you interested in folk songs(民歌) -Yes, I am.3) Are you fond of music - Yes, I am.4)- Whats your favorite kind of music - American country music.(美国乡村音乐)5)-Who is your favorite mus

43、ic group -Backstreet Boy.6)- What do you think of Tian Zhensongs - I think they are wonderful.1) next to “的旁边,紧接着2) betweenand在和之间,between指两者之间3) among在中间,指三者以上4) in front of在前面,指在(本部分之外)的前面; in the front of指在(本部分之内)的前面.5) at在某个详细的地点6) outside在之外 outside the gate在门外4 afraid 的用法Afraid是形容词,一般在句中用作表语,不

44、能用作定语。意思是 “担忧,胆怯,唯恐,恐惊.afraid常用于以下三种句式:1) be afraid of sb or sth.或be afraid of doing sth.表示胆怯某人或某事,后接动名词，表示怕做某事,只是陈述一个事实,不带感情色调.2) be afraid to do sth.后接动词不定式,往往指主观上怕去做某事,侧重表示 “因为担忧后果严峻而不敢也不愿做某事如,Lily is afraid to go out at night.3) Im afraid我唯恐.当听了对方所说的话,而不能满意对方的意愿时,为了使语气较为委婉,常用此语.如,Can you help me with my English Im afraid not.当不同意对方的建议,邀请,陈述时,我们可以用Im afraid not;反之用Im afraid so. unit 7 What does he look like目的语言: Describe peoples appearance重点句型: What do