新目标八级上册英语第一单元知识点归纳.docx

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1、初二上册英语第一单元学问点讲解Unit1 Where did you go on vacation一、重点词汇及短语单词anyone eniwanywhere eniwe(r) adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方wonderful wndfl adj.精彩的；极好的few fjumost mst adj.最多的；大多数的；something sm pron.某事物；nothing(=notanything) nmyself maeveryone evriwn pron.每人；人人yourself jself pron.你自己；你亲自hen hen n.母鸡；雌禽bored bd adj.无

2、聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的diary dari n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary)seem sim vi.好像；好像someone smwn pron.某人；有人quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词)of course vks 当然activity ktvti n.活动；活泼decide dsad v.确定；选定(decide to do sth.)try tra v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)bird bd n.鸟；禽paragliding prladbuilding bldtrader tred(r) n.商人；商船w

3、onder wnd(r) v.惊异；想知道；疑心difference dfrns n.差异；不同top tp n.顶部；顶wait wet v.等；等待(wait for)umbrella mbrel n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below blas z conj.犹如；像.一样enough nf adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck dk n.鸭肉；鸭hungry(反full) hri adj.饥饿的；渴望的feel like(doing sth.)想要dislike dslak v.不宠爱；厌恶 n.不宠爱；厌恶；反感一、短语：1. go on vacation

4、去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬山 4. go to the beach 去海滩 5. visit museums 参观博物馆 6. go to summer camp 去参与夏令营7.quite a few 相当多(只修饰可数名词) 8.study for 为而学习 9.go out 出去 10.most of the time 大部分时间 11. taste good 尝起来很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得欢乐 13. of course 当然 14.feel like 给的感觉；感受到 15.go sho

5、pping 去购物 16.in the past 在过去 17. walk around 四处走走 18. because of 因为 19. one bowl of 一碗 20. the next day 第二天 21. drink tea 喝茶 22. find out 找出； 查明 23. go on 接着 24.take photos 照相 25. something important 重要的事 26. up and down 上上下下 27. come up 出来 28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 29. taste + adj.

6、 尝起来 30. look+adj. 看起来 31.nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有 32.seem+to be+ adj. 看起来 33. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 34.decide to do sth. 确定去做某事 35. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / 36. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 37. forget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事/ 38. forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事 39. enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事 40. want to do sth.

7、 想去做某事 41. start doing sth. 开始做某事 42. stop doing sth. 停顿做某事 43. dislike doing sth.不宠爱做某事 44. keep doing sth. 接着做某事 45. Why not do. sth. 为什么不做呢？46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此以致于 47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告知某人不要做某事 48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快二、句型2、taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj.

8、 看起来3、nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有4、seem+to be+ adj. 看起来5、arrive in+大地点如国家、省份、城市等 / arrive at+小地点如学校、商店、车站等 到达某地 get to+地点/reach+地点 到达某地7、try doing sth.尝试做某事强调抱着试试看的心态尝试某件事是否行得通 / try to do sth强调付出努力并设法去完成.尽力去做某事 9、enjoy doing sth.宠爱做某事 10、 want to do sth.想去做某事 want sb to do sth11、start doing sth.开始做某事

9、 12、 stop doing sth. 停顿做某事 13、dislike doing sth. 不宠爱做某事 14、 keep doing sth.接着做某事 keep on doing sth 不停做某事 15、. Why not do. sth. =Why dont you do sth 为什么不做呢？16、so+adj.+that+从句 如此以致于17、tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告知某人不要做某事18、enough+名词：足够的；足够的；从分的； 形容词+ enough：足够地；足够地；从分地 19、not really：真的没有 20、seem to do

10、sth 好像好像做某事 21、Bye for now!到这该说再见了！22、.have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快keep sth+adj.使保持状态feel like +n./v.ing sth 想要；想要做三、重点句子1. Where did you go on vacation 你去哪儿度假的？ 1这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2go on vacation“

11、去度假 He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。【解析】 vacation vken n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假I have a lot of _every year . (vacation)( ) Where did Sarah go on vacation She went to America. A. on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on

12、vacation D. is for vacation2、Did you go with anyone你和别人一起去的吗？这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句。当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，需借助助动词did，此时后面的实义动词应用原形。其句型构造为“did+主语+动词原形+其它？，确定答复为“Yes,主语+did，否认答复为“No,主语+didnt 根本用法 pron. anyone 任何人，相当于anybody，通常用在否认句、疑问句或条件从句中。如： I wont tell anyone I saw you here. 我不会告知任何人我在这儿见过你。 Why would

13、 anyone want that job 为什么会有人想要那份工作呢？ 学问拓展-同类词some-any-no-every- 指人someone 有人somebodyanyone 任何人anybodyno one 没有人nobodyeveryone 人人everybody 指物something 某物anything 任何事nothing 没有事everything 一切事 指地点somewhere 某地anywhere 任何地方nowhere 无处，没有地方everywhere 到处 留意： (1)由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时，都作单数对待，

14、其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 (2)不定代词假设有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后，作后置定语。如： Id like something to drink. 我想要些喝的。 Is there anything interesting in the book 这本书中有好玩的东西吗？小结：【解析1】someone smwn pron 某人 anyone eniwn pron 任何人 everyone evriwn pron 每人，人人3.visited my uncle 探望了我的叔叔visit是及物动词，意为“探望；探望,后接表示人的名词或代词。visit还可以意为“参观；巡游，后接表示地点的名词

15、。a.I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去_了我的外婆。b.Do you want to visit Shanghai 你想_上海吗？ 拓展：visitor意为“参观者；游客。 These visitors come from 4. How did you like it？ 你觉得它怎么样？【解析】 How do you like sth= What do you think of sth 或者“How do you feel about.？，你认为.怎么样？ Its/ theyre . I love/ like. I dont mind. I ca

16、nt stand . 5.Did you buy anything special？你买特殊的东西了吗？【解析】 buy 及物动词，以为“买；购置，过去式为bought My father bought me a bike.= My father bought a bike for me. 我爸爸给我买了辆自行车。anything 不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西，主要用于疑问句或否认句中。 Do you want anything about it. 你想从我这里要些什么吗？anything special 意为“特殊的东西，形容词修饰不定代词时应当后置。 Is there anything

17、new in this book 这本书里有新的内容吗 Do you want anything else 你还想要其他什么吗？5、I didnt really see anything I liked. 我实在没有看到我宠爱的任何东西。这是一个省略了关系代词that定语从句。主句为I didnt really see anything，从句I liked，修饰先行词anything。因anything是不定代词，故关系代词只能用that,且that在从句中作宾语，因此可以省略。2.Oh, did you do anywhere interesting 哦，你去好玩的地方了吗？ (P2.2d)

18、【解析】本句是did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时，需用助动词did，原句中的动词过去式需变成原形。 Did you have a party last night 你昨晚上实行聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词，意为“在任何地方 Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation 你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？留意：anywhere 及 somewhere 的区分anywhere 意为“在任何地方，常用于否认句和疑问句中。 I cant find it anywhere. 我到处都找不到它。Somewher

19、e 意为“在某处；到某处，常用于确定句中。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 我把钥匙丢在这旁边的某个地方了。6.Oh, did you do anywhere interesting 哦，你去好玩的地方了吗？ 【解析】本句是did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时，需用助动词did，原句中的动词过去式需变成原形。 Did you have a party last night 你昨晚上实行聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词，意为“在任何地方 Did you go anywhere during the summe

20、r vacation 你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？留意：anywhere 及 somewhere 的区分anywhere 意为“在任何地方，常用于否认句和疑问句中。 I cant find it anywhere. 我到处都找不到它。Somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处，常用于确定句中。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 我把钥匙丢在这旁边的某个地方了。7. Kevin meet anyone interesting 凯文遇到好玩的人了吗？【注】不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Is everyone here Did she go to the park

21、with _last year ( someone)【解析2】interest v 使感爱好 interesting adj. 有爱好的 interested adj. 感爱好的 be interested in=take interest in 对感爱好The students are _in these _books.( interest)【注】 以ing结尾的adj. 常用来作定语或表语，修饰物。 以ed结尾的adj.用来表示心情，常做表语，修饰人Excited/exciting bored/boring relaxed/relaxing This movie wasnt _. He f

22、ell asleep half way through it.A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested enough D. enough interested8.Grace buy anything special格蕾丝买特殊的东西了吗？【注】形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后9. I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事告知你。【解析】 something pron. 某事，某物anything pron. 任何事物nothing pron. 没有什么；没有一件东西【

23、注】形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后 ( ) Everything there _ interesting yesterday evening A. was B. is C. were D. are( ) Did he do _ beforeA. anything interesting B. interesting anything C. anywhere interesting D. interesting anywhere“Have you read todays newspaper “Yes Its really boring. There is _in it.A. somethi

24、ng new B. nothing new C. anything new 10、We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。 take photos 意为“照相；拍照。 Could you help me take some photos 你能帮我拍几张照片吗？【辨析】：quite a few及quite a little quite a few意为“相当的;不少，修饰可数名词复数； quite a little意为“相当的;不少，修饰不行数名词。He will stay here for _ _ _days. There is _ _ _wat

25、er in the bottle(瓶子).【解析1】 few / a few little / a little辨析否认确定所修饰的名词few没有，几乎没有 a few有几个可数名词复数little几乎没有。 a little有一点儿不行数名词【拓展】few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否认，“没有，几乎没有；He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没挚友，他感觉孤独a few表示有确定， “有几个There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 little / a little用来修饰不

26、行数名词，little表示否认，“没有，几乎没有。 There is little time left. Hurry up! 没多少时间了，快点儿！a little 表示确定，“有一点儿Can you speak English Yes, but only a little. In our school, _ students like English, but _ of them can speak English smoothly.A. a little, a few B. a few, few C. a few, little D. a little, fewJohnisgettingv

27、erythin.Hedoesnteat_food. A.manyB.enough C.fewD.littleNow teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have _ time to do exercise.A. few B. little C. a fewD. a little11 I bought something for my parents , but nothing for myself. 我为我父母买了一些东西，但是没有给我自己买什么东西。【解析】myself 我自己【拓展】反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二

28、人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得欢乐teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 单独 help oneself to 随意吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代

29、词必需及主语保持人称的一样。You have to believe in _.Thats the secret of success.(we) Im old enough to look after _ (我自己).Deng Ziqi won lots of fans for through the TV program I Am a Singer. A. she B. her C. herself The book is mine.I wrote my name on its cover_. 12. I just stayed at home most of the time to read

30、 and relax. 我的大部分时间都待在家里读书和休息。 根本用法 adj. most 多数的；大部分的；作代词，表示“大多数，大部分。如： Most people think so. 大多数人都这样想。 学问拓展-相关短语 most of 表示“绝大多数，可用于如下构造中： most of the time“大部分时间，其中most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数；大体上。Most of the time Alan studies hard.艾伦大部分时间学习都很刻苦。 most of +物主代词 +名词复数/不行数名词 most of + 宾格代词 注：most of 构造做主语，谓语动词

31、的数取决于of后的名词或代词。如： Most of the students like reading the story. 大部分学生宠爱读这个故事。【解析2】relax relaxed adj 感到轻松的，自由的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的 be relaxed about 对感到放松13. Everything tasted really good!全部的东西尝起来真的很好吃！【解析】 taste good尝起来很好吃 taste 在此为连系动词，意为“尝起来，其后接形容词构成系表构造。 The food tastes really great. 食物尝起来棒极了。 The

32、milk tasted terrible. 牛奶尝起来很糟糕。同类型的词还有：及感官有关的look(看起来),feel(摸上去), ,smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等；表示改变的become(变成), get(变得) ，turn(变成)等；表示某种状况或状态持续的连系动词keep(保持),stay(保持)等。(划线部分均作表语) He looks very young.他看起来很年轻。 The cake smells delicious.这蛋糕闻起来挺好。 The story sounds true.这故事听起来真实。 When spring comes, t

33、he days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天来时，白天变长，天气变暖。Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛伦斯南丁格尔成了一个闻名的护士。Dr Bethune became very popular then.那时白求恩大夫变得很受欢迎了。His face turned redder and redder.他的脸变得越来越红了。Please stay happy.请保持欢乐。They keep busy.他们保持劳碌。14. It was wonderful! 它特别壮丽！【解析】 wo

34、nder wnd v 想知道 wonderful wndful adj. 精彩的( ) Dehong is a wonderful city in Yunnan province. A. clean B. beautiful C. noisy D. big15.It was my first time there.这是我第一次去那里。 【解析】Its ones first time to do sth . 某人第一次做某事It was her _(one) time in Yunnan in 2021.16Did everyone have a good time 大家都玩得很快乐吗？【解析】

35、have a good time=have fun玩得快乐，过的开心，其后接V-ing, 同义短语还有enjoy oneself。 We had a good time at the party. 我们在晚会上玩得很快乐。= We had fun at the party. = We enjoyed ourselves at the party.17.Did you go shopping 你们去购物了吗？go shopping意为“去购物；去买东西，同义短语为do some shopping. I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。拓展：“go

36、+doing形式表示“去做某事，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船18The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read. 唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。【解析】 nothing much to do 意为“没什么事可做。 I have nothing special to do this afte

37、rnoon. 今日下午我没什么特殊的事可做。拓展nothingbut 意为“除之外什么也没有；只有，but 后可接名词或者动词原形。I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning. 我今日早上只喝了杯茶。19Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍旧没有人看起来无聊。【解析】 seem 可作不及物动词或连系动词，意为“好像；好像；看来。Everything seems easy. 一切好像很简洁。拓展seem +形容词“看起来“You seem happy today. 你今日看起来很欢乐。(系表构造)seem +

38、 to do sth. “好像，好像做某事“。I seem to have a cold. 我好像感冒了。It seems that/as if 好像，看起来。如：It seems that he is sad. = He seems to be sad. 他好像很难受CIt seems/seemed +that 从句 “看起来好像；好像“。其中it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It seems that no one believes you. 看起来好像没有人信任你。seem like “好像，好像。It seems like a good idea. 它好像是个好办法。(系表构造

39、)bored 及 boring的区分bored ：厌倦的；郁闷的；感到无聊的。一般在句中修饰人，作表语。boring ：无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的。一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。Im bored with what he said. 我对他说的话厌烦极了。I find the story very boring. 我发觉这个故事太无聊了。.Still no one seemed to be bored. 但是没有人觉得无聊了。【解析2】bore boring adj. “令人厌烦的，厌倦的，其主语多是物一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语bored adj. “厌烦的，厌倦的 ,其主语

40、多是人，一般在句中修饰人，作表语词义辨析：look/seem/appear这些动词均有“看起来，好像是之意。appear: 指从感观印象看好像是如此，但有时着重指因视野、观点限制而产生的歪曲印象。look: 指从样子看起来，侧重通过视觉而建立的印象。seem: 多指从主观印象或个人反响得出的看法。20. went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family. 我和家人一起去了乡下一个挚友的农场。【解析】a friends farm是名词全部格形式。一般状况下，表示“有生命的人或物的名词后面加s，表示所属关系。 The red bike

41、 is Alices.那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。【拓展】：名词全部格的构成：1单数名词词尾加“s，复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“s： the girl s pen女孩的钢笔 womens shoes女鞋 on Childrens Day2复数名词以s结尾的只加“： the students reading room学生阅览室 Teacherss Day老师节3假如两个名词并列，并且分别有s，那么表示“分别有；只后一个名词有一个s，那么表示“共有：Johns and Kates rooms约翰和凯特各自的房间 Lily and Lucys father莉莉和露西的爸爸4表示无生命的名词一般及of

42、构成短语，表示全部关系a map of China一幅中国地图 the name of the story那个故事的名字21. Did everyone have a good time全部人都玩得快乐吗？【解析】 have a good time / wonderful/great time fun = enjoy oneself 玩的快乐,过得开心22. What did Lisa say about莉萨对说过什么？【解析】 say about意为“发表对的看法。 I didnt say anything about it.我对此事什么也没说。23. What activity do you find enjoyable 你发觉什么活动很好玩？【解析1】 activity ktiviti n.活动；(pl) 复数：activi