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1、Unit 8 Is there a post office near here一 本章重点短语Post office邮局police station警察局pay phone付费 near here这旁边 across from在对面next to挨着,靠近between.and.在和之间In front of在 - - - -前面(在范围外 反义词:behind; behind 相关短语:fall behind 落后;from behind 从.的后面In the front of在 - - - -前面在范围内 反义词 at the back ofExcuse me打扰了,劳驾far from
2、离远go along.沿着走 近义词 walk along/go down along此处作介词,意为“沿着,相当于down。watch sb. doing sth.观看某人正在做某事go straight 沿着.直走turn right/left向右左转on the/ones right/left在某人的右边左边Spend time花时间enjoy reading喜爱阅读in my neighborhood 在我家旁边look like看起来像in life生活中,一生中In town 在城镇be free免费有空Just have to只要;只需二 本章重点语法:there be句型 就近
3、原那么。1 There be构造表示“某地或某时有某物或某人。这种构造中的there没有实际意义。句子中的be动词必需和后面所跟的名词在数上保持一样。2 常用how many对数量进展提问。There are six pencils in the pencil-box.在文具盒里有六支铅笔。-How many pencils are there in the pencil-box文具盒里有多少支铅笔?3 对There be构造中的主语提问时,常省略there.There is a desk in the teachers room.在老师的房间里有一张书桌。- Whats in the tea
4、chers room老师的房间里有什么?4 当有两个或多个并列主语时,be动词的形式及最靠近它的主语在数上保持一样,即“就近原那么。There is a pen and two rulers in the box.拓展J There is/are+sb. /sth. +doing sth.构造,意为“有某人某物正在做某事。There are some boys standing on the playground.有些男孩正站在操场上。三 知识点整理SectionA1 pay的根本用法:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买。例:I have to pay
5、them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担忧, 我会替你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们酬劳。(5)pay back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you Ill pay it b
6、ack next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗下周还你。作为花费讲时,pay take spend cost的区分主语构造例句spend人Sb spend(s). on sth;Sb spend(s).doing sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事。Sb spend(s)some timewithsb和某人一起度过多少时间I spend 10 yuan on this book.I spend 2 hours (in) finishing my homework.Jim spends two days with his mother.cost物/事Sth cost(s) (sb.) money
7、某物花费某人多少钱。This book cost me 100 yuan.takeitIt takes sb. time to do sthit做形式主语,真正主语to do sth;做某事花费某人多长时间。It took me 2 hours to read this book.pay人Sb pay(s) money for sth 某人付多少钱买某物Jim pays 200 yuan for the basketball.2 there be及have/has的辨析there be表示“某处有物/某人,指客观存在句型为“There be+某物/某人+某地have/has表示“某人,某物有某
8、物,指所属关系句型为“某人,某物+have/has+某物,用have还是has取决于句子的主语。3 on,in,at ,地点介词的运用In+大地点,at+小地点,on指在.上,着重于在.的外表。on,in,to在表示两者位置时的用法1) in 表示方位,含义是“在之内,即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。例如: China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲东部。(中国是亚洲的一个国家,处于亚洲的范围之内) 2. on 表示方位,含义是“在端/边,即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边,两个地方只是相邻或接壤,却互不管辖。例如: Guangdong Provi
9、nce is on the southeast of Guangxi. 广东省在广西的东南边。(广东省及广西在地理位置上是连在一起的,即两者相邻,却互不管辖) 3. to 表示方位,含义是“在面,即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外,互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远,且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时,通常用 to。例如: Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(日本在中国范围之外,且有日本海分隔)4 in front of及in the front of的区分In front of强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面Mary is standing in fron
10、t of the car.In the front of强调一个物体在另一个物体内部的前面Cathy is sitting on the front of the car.5 How can I help you须要我扶植吗?此句广泛用于商店、饭店、旅馆、邮局、办事处等场所,作为对顾客的招呼语。相当于:Can I help you/May I help you/What can I do for you详细含义要视场合而定。help用法:1) 半个使役动词,后可以接不带to的动词不定式,help sb (to) do,扶植某人做某事。Please help me (to) do the dis
11、hes.2) “扶植做某事Could you help to open the window你能扶植翻开窗子吗3) 短语:help sb. with sth 扶植某人做某事或“在方面扶植某人Could you help me with my math homeworkhelp oneself (to) +名词,“请随意吃.这是款待客人的常用语,oneself有人称和数的变化 Help yourself to some chicken.请随意吃些鸡肉.with the help of sb.或 with ones help“在某人的扶植下这里的with不可用under来代替.With the h
12、elp of my teacher,I can pass the exam./ With my teachers help,I can pass the exam.在老师的扶植下,我能通过这次考试cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事,不由自主地做某事She couldnt help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来6 Well,Im new in town.嗯,我新来此镇。 in town 在城镇town n镇,市镇,一般指大于乡村(village)、小于城市(city)的“城镇,是可数名词。做为闹市区讲时,为不可数名词。7 Its not too far from here
13、.它离这儿不太远。Far from意为“离远,相当于far away from,通常不及详细数字连用,假设出现详细数字,常用away from。其反义短语为close to,意为“离近My home is not far (away) from our school.我家离我们学校不远。The station is two kilometers away from here.车站离这儿有两千米远。8 north n北,北方;adj.北方的; northern 北方的Jilin Province is in the north of China.吉林省在中国的北方。 此处north为名词。Jil
14、in Province is a beautiful city in North China. 吉林是中国北部一座漂亮的城市。此处north为形容词。Jilin Province is in the northern part of China. 吉林省在中国的北方。此处northern需及part连用。north更倾向于行政区域划分,有较强的社会意义和政治意义,可做专出名词。而northern只是表示方向。Section B1 turn right/left.turn此处用作实义动词,意为“转向:转身,有“翻转,旋转之意。turn还可用作连系动词,意为“变成。Leaves turn gree
15、n in spring.春天叶子变绿。turn用作名词,意为“轮到的时机;轮番。Its your turn to do the dishes.轮到你洗餐具了。2 Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left,.在第一个十字路口向右拐,餐馆在你的左边.crossing名词,意为“十字路口。“Turn right/left at the+序数词+crossing.= Take the+序数词+crossing on the right/left.意为“在第几个十字路口向右左转。Turn left at the
16、 second crossing(turning). =-Take the second crossing(turning) on the left.3 across from在.的对面(= opposite to ) 其中across是副词,from是介词。 My house is across from the supermarket. across穿过adv. You cant run across the street. across 在.的对面 prep The building is across my house.辨析 across、through、over ,从这一边到另一边。
17、 through prep. 指从物体或建筑物内部空间通过 over prep. 表示从物体上方经过。 cross v. 穿过、横过 He is crossing the bridge.4 around adv./prepadv. 在四周,大约 Its around 6 now.=Its about 6 now.prep.在.的四周 There are flowers all around my house.相关短语:1look around环顾四周。2 walk around四处走走。(3) turn around转身。5 watch.doing及watch.dowatch.doing观看.
18、正在做.强调所做的事正在进展中watch.do观看.做.强调所做的事常常发生或已完成;或是看到了全过程。同等用法单词口决:两看一听一留意。两看:watch,see; 一听 hear ;一留意 notice.6 look like 看起来像,like是介词,后可接名词、代词作宾语。“What does/do+主语+look like用来询问某人的外貌特征,意为“看上去什么样?。-What does your brother look like你的弟弟长什么样?-He is short and thin他又矮又瘦。7 To get there, I usually walk out and tur
19、n right on Bridge Road.To do不定式做目的状语。这是英语行文的一种方式,即在句子的开头用To do.短语,并用逗号将其及句子的主体局部隔开,相当于汉语“假设要做的话。To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.要学好英语,他须要一本词典。8 The best things in life are free!(1)in life意为“生活中;一生中,此处在句子中作定语,修饰名词things。介词短语作定语往往后置。life名词,意为“一生;终生。2 free此处用作形容词,意为“免费的。 free用作形容词,还可意为“有空的
20、;空闲的 其反义词为busy,意为“繁忙的。Are you free tomorrow你明天有空吗?9 Theres one on Long Street.在长街上有一家。one的用法。one可以指代前文提到的人或物,指同类中的一个,只替代单数可数名词,复数用ones。Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.玛丽有一支红色的铅笔,简有一支蓝色的。及it区分it代替上文所提到的名词时,是指同一样东西。I lost my pen. Im looking for it我丢了钢笔。我正在找它。10 restaurant hotel 辨析restaur
21、ant表示“饭店;餐馆,hotel表示旅馆;饭店,但是restaurant是以吃饭为主的地方,规模较小,而hotel指“宾馆,是以餐饮、住宿为体的较大规模的宾馆。表示“在街上通常运用介词on。avenue,street,road,path,way辨析avenue:大道,林荫大道。street意思为“街道即城市或村镇中两旁有房屋的路。path指未经开凿,通过践踏而自然形成的“小路。road意思为“公路,常指城市及城市之间的大路或乡村大路。way意为“道路,意义较广泛,表示各种各样的道路;还可以表示抽象的意义,意为“途径;方法等。This is a good way to learn English.这是学习英语的好方法。12 be busy的用法be busy意为“劳碌的,是系表构造。My father is always busy.我爸爸总是很忙.固定搭配 (1) be busy with sth.忙于某事。My mother is usually busy with housework.我妈妈总是忙于家务。(2) be busy doing sth.忙于做某事。Mike is busy doing his homework now.迈克现在正忙于做他的家庭作业。
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