英语一般过去时语法知识归纳总结1.docx

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1、一般过去时语法学问一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为；主语在过去时间段所具备的实力和性格。一般过去时句子最明显的现象就是常由表达过去时间的副词、副词短语或从句来界定。“过去”的概念并不仅指如“yesterday, last week, ”等，事实上“及如今对立的过去”，亦即“非如今的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间及说话时的“如今”形成对立，就必需运用一般过去时来表达。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。I came home just now. 我刚回到家。“

2、this + 时间，today”等时间副词常用于修饰一般如今时，但是只要句子的本意是“及说话时的如今”对立，即使句子中有“this + 时间，today”等时间副词，也必需运用一般过去时。例如：I got up very early this morning.今日早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今日他又迟到了。强化理解：1.一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时刻或时期所发生的事情，也可以表示过去习惯性、常常性的动作。一般过去时只说明过去的事情，不强调动作对如今的影响。I had a word with Julia this morning.今日早

3、晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。2.表示过去一段时间里常常或反复的动作，常及always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作，不说明她如今是否常带着伞)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到如今，不说明如今是否喝酒)3.表示过去连续发生的动作时要用一般过去时。这种状况下句子中往往没有表示过去的时间状语，通过上下文来表示。The bo

4、y opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。4.有些句子虽然没有表示过去的时间状语，但事实上发生的动作或存在的状态是指过去，也要用一般过去时。这一点我们中国学生往往出错，要特殊留意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能 用过去时表示。事实上，这句话暗指：But now I know you were here.)I thought you w

5、ere ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前我以为你病了，但是如今我知道你没病)5.在谈到已死去的人的状况时多用过去时。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。6.一般过去时常及表示过去的时间状语连用。大体可分为如下几类：yesterday、the day before yesterday (前天)、the other day (前几天)、in the old days (在过去的日子里)just now (刚刚)、this morning/afternoon/eveningago (a while ago方才、刚刚two days ago前两天、a

6、few days ago前几天、long long ago很久很久以前)last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上个世纪)once upon a time (很久以前)、before(在之前，如：before liberation在解放前)at + 一个时间点 (at the age of 10在10岁是时候)、then (= at that time) (当时)When引导的时间状语从句(When I was 8 years old，当我八岁的时候)表达方法：一般过去时的表达方法可以细分为以

7、下三种状况：(一)连系动词(简称为系动词)be的一般过去时系动词be的一般过去时属于不规则改变，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他状况用were。根本用法见表一。表一人称和数确定句(确定陈述句)否认句(否认陈述句)一般疑问句确定、否认答复单数第一人称I was late yesterday.I wasnt late yesterday.Were you late yesterdayYes, I was.No, I wasnt.第二人称You were late yesterday.You werent late yesterday.Were you late yesterdayYes, I wa

8、s.No, I wasnt.第三人称He was late yesterday.He wasnt late yesterday.Was he late yesterday rYes, he was.No, he wasnt.属于单数第三人称Her car was a Toyota.Her car wasnt a Toyota.Was her car a ToyotaYes, it was.No, it wasnt.Tom was ill yesterday.Tom wasnt ill yesterday.Was Tom ill yesterdayYes, he was.No, he wasnt

9、.There was an apple on the table last night.There wasnt apple on the table last night.Was there apple on the table last nightYes, there was. No, there wasnt.复数全部复数人称和全部复数形式We were students.We werent students.Were you studentsYes, we were.No, we werent.You were my employees.你们是我的雇员。You werent my empl

10、oyees.Were you my employeesYes, we were.No, we werent.They were doctors.They werent doctors.Were they doctorsYes, they were.No, they werent.My parents were teachers.My parents werent teachers.Were your parents teachersYes, they were.No, they werent.These were my books.These werent my books.Were thes

11、e your booksYes, they were.No, they werent.(二)一般动词(也称为“实义动词”、“行为动词”)的一般过去时1.陈述句。一般动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)组成的一般过去时陈述句形式为：主语 + 动词过去式+ 宾语 + 其它。动词过去式改变可分两类：规则改变和不规则改变。规则改变有如下几种状况：情 况构成方法读 音例 词一般状况加 ed元音后面读t清辅音后读t浊辅音后读d在t、d音后面idworkworkedlistenlistened以e结尾的词加 dlikelikedarrivearrived以重读闭音节结尾的词先双写最终的辅音字母再加 edsto

12、pstoppedplanplanned以元音字母 + y结尾的词加 edenjoyenjoyedplayplayed以辅音字母 + y结尾的词把y改成 i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarriedworryworried2.否认句。一般动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成否认句时，要借用助动词did。形式为：主语 + did not + 动词原形。(其中：did not = didnt)3.疑问句。一般动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成疑问句时，也须要借用助动词did。形式为：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 。一般动词(也称“实义动词”、

13、行为动词)一般过去时的根本用法见表二。表二人称和数确定句(确定陈述句)否认句(否认陈述句)一般疑问句确定、否认答复单数第一人称I watched TV last night.I didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last nightYes, I did.No, I didnt.第二人称You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last nightYes, I did.No, I didnt.第三人称He watched TV last ni

14、ght.He didnt watch TV last night.Did he watch TV last nightYes, he did.No, he didnt.属于单数第三人称His brother watched TV last night.His brother didnt watch TV last night.Did his brother watch TV last nightYes, he did.No, he didnt.Mike watched TV last night.Mike didnt watch TV last night.Did Mike watch TV

15、last nightYes, he did.No, he didnt.复数全部复数人称和全部复数形式We watched TV last night.We didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last nightYes, we did.No, we didnt.You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last nightYes, we did.No, we didnt.They watched TV last night.They didn

16、t watch TV last night.Did they watch TV last nightYes, they did.No, they didnt.My parents watched TV last night.My parents didnt watch TV last night.Did your parents watch TV last nightYes, they did.No, they didnt.(三)情态动词的一般过去时情态动词的一般过去时态要运用它们的过去式，后面的动词还运用原形。例如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天

17、我不得不做作业。）can could(能，会)may might(可以)mustmust(必需)have tohad to(不得不)shallshould(将要) 仅用于第一人称单数 willwould(将要) 用于全部人称 比照辨析：1.表示过去一段时间内常常或反复的动作，常及always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作，不说明她如今是否常带着伞)比拟:Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯，说明她如今仍

18、旧还习惯总带着一把伞)Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到如今，不说明如今是否喝酒)2.假如强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do过去常常做，而如今不那样做了He used to drink alcohol(lkhl, 酗酒; 酒精饮料).他过去喝酒。(意味着他如今不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨漫步。(意味着如今不在早晨漫步了)I u

19、sed to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(意味着如今不再一天工作十四个小时了)比拟:I took a walk in the morning.我在早晨散过步。 (只是说明过去这一动作)3.句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用如今完成时，取决于动作是否对如今有影响。问：Have you had your lunch你吃过午饭了吗？（你如今不饿吗？）答：Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） 问：When did you have it 你是什么时候吃的？（关切的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是非常钟以前吃的。 I ate it at 6:45.我在六点四十五分吃的。