语法一致意义一致就近原则 教案.docx

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1、语法一样，意义一样，就近原则适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟学问点1、语法一样； 2、集合名词作主语； 3、分数、百分数等作主语；4、时间、金钱等做主语； 5、意义一样； 6、就近原则.教学目的学问：驾驭语法一样，意义一样，就近原则.方法：要牢记这三大条规则并能运用.实力：1、明白主谓一样的概念；2、驾驭语法一样，意义一样，就近一样这三条原则的详细用法。教学重点1.主谓一样的三大原则； 2. 三大原则的详细运用教学难点1、意义一样原则； 2、就近一样原则。教学过程一、课堂导入教师将下列句子呈现给学生，学生跟着教师读下列句子，留意划线局部。1. His tea

2、cher and friend is a beautiful girl. His teacher and his friend are so friendly.2. Five hundred dollars is too mush for me.3. Not only these men but also this woman was hurt.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句的概念，用法，以及特殊句型的反意疑问句。 （以提问、回忆的形式进展），针对上节课的作业进展讲评、订正、答疑，并通过反意疑问句的详细用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的主谓一样原则，特殊是意义一样和就近一

3、样等学问点。三、学问讲解谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一样，这叫做主谓一样。学问点1：语法一样的原则1. 【考察点】以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。如：He goes to school early every morning.To work hard is necessary for a student.2. 【考察点】由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语假如指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：Both he and I are right. His teacher and

4、 friend is a beautiful girl. 3.【考察点】由and连接的并列单数主语之前假如分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.4.【考察点】主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher with his students is g

5、oing to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5【考察点】一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy.6.【考察点】有两局部构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Where are m

6、y shoes I cant find them. Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.假如这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.学问点2：意义一样的原则1. 【考察点】）表时间、间隔 、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars

7、 is too dear.2. 【考察点】不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。假如代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；假如代词代表单数可数名词或不行数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.3.【考察点】“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：It is said that 35 p

8、er cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.4.【考察点】half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，假如所指为复数意义，动词用复数；假如所指为单数意义，动词用单数。如： I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.5.【考察点】以

9、“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往依据意义一样的原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。假如这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；假如指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 学问点3：邻近一样的原则1.【考察点】由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，假如一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一样原则，与最靠近它的主语一样。如：Either you or I am right. Neither the chi

10、ldren nor the teacher knows anything about it.2.【考察点】在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一样。 如：There are two apples and one egg in it. 3.【考察点】以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一样。如： Here is a letter and some books for you.四、例题精析【例题1】【题 干】How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are【答案】B【解析】该题考察的是主谓一样。T

11、en years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。【例题2】【题 干】Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是主谓一样。假如由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一样，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。【例题3】【题 干】L

12、ook! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers【答案】A【解析】该题考察的是主谓一样。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数一样）【例题4】【题 干】Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A

13、. was B. were C. is D. are【答案】A【解析】考察主语是单数但是后面跟有介词except的短语，谓语动词仍旧用单数。而从句when the meeting bagan看出是过去时态，因此选择A。五、课堂运用【根底】1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were【答案】B【解析】本题考察学生对语法一样中的“由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语假如指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数”这一学问点，the

14、 eighteenth and last lesson 是指同一内容。2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also【答案】 B【解析】 本题初看是在考察连词和名词性短语的搭配，但实则考察主谓一样。由题中的谓语动词is可以知道前面的主语是一个单数形式，因此选项A解除掉。由题目“I havent decid

15、ed”可以知道，是这周星期天或者下个星期天都可以，则可解除C,D。3. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each【答案】D【解析】 本题仍旧考察主谓一样。由谓语动词has可以知道主语是单数，因此A,B解除掉。Every不能与of连用。4. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are【答案】D【解析】主要考察主谓一样。My shirt是单数，用is。my trousers是复数形式，因此用

16、are。【稳固】5. -Two months _ quite a long time. - Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】A【解析】本题考察主谓一样中的意义一样原则中的“表时间、间隔 、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数”two months是一个时间，要看做一个整体。6. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang.A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is

17、going【答案】A【解析】首先找出主语“a large number of students” 是复数形式，因此谓语要用复数形式，只有A是复数形式。7. The bread and the butter _ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have【答案】B【解析】本题考察由and连接的the bread， the butter做主语时谓语动词的选择。从题意可以知道本题and连接的主语是两个事物，因此用复数。【拔高】8. How many teachers are there in your school About 150. One thir

18、d of them _ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is【答案】C【解析】考察one third of them 后面须要的谓语动词。题目中教师共有150人，而其中的三分之一是男教师，那么谓语须要复数形式，则解除B,D。本题目中不涉及完成时态，因此A解除掉。9. To save time _ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is【答案】D【解析】 不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。10. There _ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week. A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be【答案】C【解析】there be句型遵循就近一样，a football match是单数，则A,B,D解除。课程小结本节课主要围绕主谓一样的常考点绽开，即：语法始终，意义一样和就近一样原则。须要重点驾驭这3条主谓一样原则的运用。此外，在中考中常常考察的是就近一样原则和意义一样原则，因此，这个考点也须要重点驾驭。近年中考对语法点的考察往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，敏捷地运用语法学问。