虚拟语气语法3.ppt

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1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。语气和虚拟语气。一、陈述语气陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood): 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、定、 否定、疑问或感叹等形式。否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early? What a clever boy!二、祈使语气二、祈使语气(The Imperative Mood) 用

2、来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets just take a break, shall we ？ 虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现现 。 三三.虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjective Mood) 条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来

3、将来would/could/should/might + doIf 主语主语+did /wereIf 主语主语+had donewould/could/should/might + dowould/could/should/might have done.If 主语主语+did. +should do +were to do一一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。1、 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式If 主语主语 +did/were主语主语+should/ would /could/ might+ doIf I_ y

4、ou, I should stay at home. If I _the time, I would make a trip to Italy to see the Leaning tower. werehad一一. .虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。2、 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式If 主语主语+had done主语主语+should/ would /could/ might+have doneIf you _yesterday, you would have met him. (come)If the hurr

5、icane _during the daytime， there would have been many deaths. (happen)had comehad happened3、 与与将来将来事实相反事实相反从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式If 主语主语 did. should do were to do主语主语+should/ would /could/ might doIf you came tomorrow, we _the meeting. (have) If it _tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)wo

6、uld havewere to/should rain 注意：假设条件虚拟倒装。注意：假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句条件从句中有中有should, were, had三个助动词可以三个助动词可以把把if省略省略,并将这三个词提至句首。并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, w

7、e couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（wer

8、e）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时未来未来: would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。3、 与与将来将来事实相反事实相反从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式If 主语主语 did. should do we

9、re to do主语主语+should/ would /could/ might doIf you came tomorrow, we _the meeting. (have) If it _tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)would havewere to/should rainI wish it would not rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had attend

10、ed the meeting yesterday.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时as if /though She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. （让步状语从句）（让步状语从句）It seems as if it were spring.（表语从句）（表语从句）主语主语+did /were 现在现在主语主语+had do

11、ne 过去过去主语主语+would/ could/might +do 将来将来三 as if/ though引导的从句的虚拟用法They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时过去时(were)Should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time th

12、at we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 6.a. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气。建议的虚拟语气。使用使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略。省略。宾语从句中常见动词宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两个命令, 三个建议三个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire eg; 1. We sugg

13、ested that Tom have a rest. 2. He insisted that I (should) be present 3.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. 4.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest

14、, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其即它们用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时时,宾宾语从句用陈述语气。语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have)

15、a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。从句中的动词形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireb. 以上动词相应的名词构成的以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性名词性从从句包括句包括表语从句和同位语表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟也要

16、使用虚拟语气语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。从句中的动词形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireMy demand is that she should come to see me once a week. 表语从句表语从句All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 同同位语从句位语从句c. 主语从句中主语从句中It is ordered (suggested，requested, requir

17、ed, proposed) that从句中要用从句中要用 主语主语+(should)+动词原形动词原形Eg: Its required that the students should learn a foreign language.总结：凡是与总结：凡是与“表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议建议”的词不论是的词不论是名词还是动词名词还是动词，只要它们用，只要它们用于于名词性从句名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句位语从句）中均要使用虚拟语气）中均要使用虚拟语气“should +动词原形动词原形”结构结构Its suggested that the plan be ca

18、rried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.7. without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work

19、. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.含蓄条件句:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句. I was ill that day .otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known

20、 nothing about it .(连词) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句) Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quickly .(独立主格结构)8. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him aga

21、in!If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!9. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/ a pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to com

22、e to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.三三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had foll

23、owed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3. 谓语动词以谓语动词以should + have done 的形式的形式出现

24、的时候出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做表示过去应该做而没有做的事情的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。从而表示一种责备的语气。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.注意：注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词动词be的过的过去时态一律用去时态一律用 were, 不用不用was, 即在即在从句中从句中be用用were代替

25、。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你如果我是你, 就会去找他。就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。一切都会好的。1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been mor

26、e careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.If it _ rain , the crops would be

27、saved . A. should B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ;

28、had believed 7.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . A. was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I _ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see10. I wish I _ t

29、en years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be 11.I wish that you _.A. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _

30、have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was .A. should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew15. - Would you like to work in my

31、 company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 17. -How does you

32、r aunt act ? - She acts as if she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. has been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .20. When

33、a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. be

34、gan 23.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. s

35、hall start D. started 25. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 2

36、8. The professor gave orders that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be finished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this

37、hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . A. must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. It

38、s one oclock in the morning . Its high time that you _ your store . A, close B. should close C. have closed D. had closed 34. It _ hard now , otherwise we could go out to play .A. rained B. rains C. is raining D. would rain 35. I was ill that day , otherwise I _ the sports meet . would take part in

39、B. had taken part in C. took part in D. would have taken part in 36. But for the party , he _ of hunger 30 year ago . A. would have died B. must have died C. would die D. died 37. Without your help , I _ the exam last term . A. would have passed B. wouldnt pass C. would have failed D. failed in 38.

40、They helped me a lot . I dont know what I _ without their help . would do B. had done C. would have done D. will have done 39. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball , otherwise he _ a goal . A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 40. If I had studied English last yea

41、r , I _ able to speak it now . A. would have been B. should be C. had been D. could be 41. If you _ your medicine yesterday , you would be well now . A. took B. would take C. had taken D. would have taken 42. - Is he feeling any better ? - No, if he had followed the doctors advice . He _ quite all r

42、ight now . A. will have been B. would have been C. would be D. will be 43.If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today , we _ at the airport. A. will see her off B. have seen her off C. would see her off D. had seen her off 44. Look at the trouble I am in ! If only I _ your advice . A. fo

43、llowed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 45. It is hard for me to image what I would be doing today if I _ love , at the age of seven , with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown . A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 46. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday . A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 47. If you _ the medicine you _ better now. A. took ; would feel B. had taken ; felt C. had taken ; would feel D. took ; would have felt