1阅读理解题及答案.docx

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1、阅读理解专题一广告信息类2019 年Passage 1 2019全国卷I , 6分 话题：兼职活动 词数：249Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about p

2、rograms and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with tr

3、aining.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社 IX）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3 000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewa

4、rdship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）T

5、hrough the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for

6、 persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewa

7、rdship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.Passage 22019全国卷H, 6分 话题：书籍介绍 词数：234My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan

8、 and co-author of the This Book Will series（系歹U） of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel pare

9、nts and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts

10、. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typing.C. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard

11、possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. Ifll be environment-friendly.B. Itll reach consumers soo

12、n.C Itll be made of plastics.D Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.Passage 22019全国卷HI, 8分 话题：猴子会算术词数：315Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearl

13、y different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined-or added-the symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the

14、experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkey

15、s touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers-17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values m

16、ore than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two w

17、ere close in value-sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小局部）of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a ce

18、rtain way quantity is represented in their brains, Dr. Livingstone says. But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them. B. They named them. C. They trained

19、them. D. They measured them. 33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand sim

20、ple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.1035. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. EducationD. Science.2017 年Passage 1 2017全国卷I , 8分话题：太阳能蒸储器词数：300A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸储器）is one of the best

21、ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture, it s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it s all but impossible to find natural substitute

22、s. The only components required, though, are a 5 义5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container 一perhaps just a drinking cup 一 to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a

23、sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher? s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line

24、runs up 一 and out 一 the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone（圆锥体）with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directl

25、y over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates（蒸发）and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the

26、refreshment out through the tube, and won t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1 .What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?AIt s delicate. BIt s expensive. C It s complex. DIt s portable.2 .What does the underlined phrase nthe water catcherH in p

27、aragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still. C. The hole.D. The cup.3 .What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4 .When a solar still works, drops of

28、 water come into the cup from.A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open airD. beneath the sheetPassage 2 2017全国卷II, 8分 话题：植物如何进行自我保护 词数：289When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn? t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple tree

29、s getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists ha

30、ve found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. s a plant? s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because wc can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to

31、 attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,

32、but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm11 and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to it

33、self. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to overhear n the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Ther

34、e s a whole lot going on.1 .What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietly.D. It sends out certain chemicals.2 .What does the author mean by nthe tables are turnedn in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gat

35、her under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.3 .Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary4.What

36、can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The world is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwin s time were more imaginative.Passage 3 2017全国卷HI, 8分话题：老年人平安驾车研究词数：314The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle U

37、niversity have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named HDriveLABHin order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older

38、people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision sys

39、tems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: nFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.But we all have to accept tha

40、t as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver

41、study, explains: HThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.nFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, wc found th

42、at in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解

43、决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.121 .What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?B. To design new types of cars.D. To teach people traffic rules.A. To explore new means of transport.C. To find out older drivers problems.2 .Why is driving important for older people according to P

44、hil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.4.What is the best title for the text?A. A New

45、 Model Electric CarC. Driving Services for EldersB. Develop driver-assist technologies.D. Organize regular physical checkups.B. A Solution to Traffic ProblemsD. Keeping Older Drivers on the RoadPassage 12016全国卷m, 8分词数:349Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is

46、no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored（监控）in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread fa

47、ster and farther than disasters and sob stories.The if it bleeds rule works fbr mass media/1 says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. nThey want your eyeballs and don*t care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. Yo

48、u dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.1Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication - e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative（消极的）， but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positiv

49、e news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Timeswebsite.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed list