Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 重点知识讲解讲义--高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册.docx

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1、Topic talkprefervt.更喜欢；宁可；宁愿prefer sth./doing sth.更喜欢做某事prefer (sb.)to do sth.宁愿(某人)做某事prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿(做)A 而不愿(做)Bprefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B例句I much prefer dogs to cats.和猫比起来我更喜欢狗。I would prefer not to go out today.我今天宁愿不出去。(3)1 would prefer playing outdoors to wat

2、ching TV.我宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。He prefers to go to the movies rather than stay at home. 他宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。1. rather than而不是常用句型宁愿做而,不愿做prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.would do sth. rather than do sth.would rather do sth. than do sth.这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句 中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。例句I dont think he is a good swimme

3、r, is he?我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？I dont think you are right.我想你不对。注意当主语为第一人称I, we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主 语不是第一人称时，那么反问主句。假设谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否认词不能转移。Lesson 2remindvt.使（某人）想起，提醒Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silent.观众们请注意，请关闭手机或调成静音。（教材P102）remind sb.提醒某人remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做remin

4、d sb. of sb./sth.使某人想起remind sb. that.提醒某人 例句He reminded me in time just as I would make the same mistake again.他就在我差一点犯同样的错误时，及时提醒了我。 The teacher reminded us to pay attention to the pronunciation of the new word.老师提醒我们要注意这个生词的发音。The earrings remind me of my grandma.这对耳环使我想起了我的奶奶。Please remind me th

5、at I should bring him a present for his birthday.请提醒我给他带生日礼物。1. in case以防万一The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.以防万一发生什么事，手套和护口器都有帮助。（教材P102）in case （that）以防，万一（引导目的状语从句）；如果，假使（引 导条件状语从句）in case of.假如发生； 万一发生in no case决不，在任何情况下都不（用于句首时句子要用部 分倒装）in this/that case假使这样/那样的话in

6、 any case无论如何，总之例句In no case will he turn against his country.他决不会背叛自己的国家。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.万一失火的话，请按警铃。Well finish the task in any case.我们无论如何也要完成任务。2. amazinglyadv.惊人地,了不起的The team really come together tonight and played amazingly. 团队今晚确实很团结，比赛很惊人。(教材P103)(l)amazed adj.感到惊讶的；惊人的

7、be amazed at/by对感到惊讶，被吓一跳be amazed to do 做感到很惊讶be amazed that 惊讶amazing adj.令人惊讶的(3)amazement n.吃惊，惊异to ones amazement 令某人吃惊的是例句You will be amazed at the progress we have made.你将会对我们的进展感到惊讶。Many are amazed that Lunar New Years Eve is not an official holiday now.许多人大为吃惊，农历新年除夕现在不再是法定假日了。To my amazeme

8、nt, he came first.使我吃惊的是，他居然第一个到。Lesson 3单词短语cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来cheer sb. on以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油(2)cheering adj.令某人高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的,高兴的cheerfully adv.欢快地；愉悦地例句A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.1 000名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.我们伴随着欢乐的乐

9、曲跳起舞来。(3) Debbie greeted her cheerfully, and they got down to business.黛比愉快的跟她打了个招呼，便开始谈正事了。1. be fed up with厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的fed up不愉快的;厌烦的feed.on/with. 用口畏养feed on.以为主食；以当饲料feed up.给吃营养食物；养肥；使吃饱feed.to.把喂给例句After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up.在生意界工作了一段时间后，Low厌烦了。Bats fly a

10、t night and feed on insects and fruit.蝙蝠在夜间飞行，以昆虫和水果为食物。Im really fed up with this constant rain.我真的对这连绵不断的雨烦透了。2. benefitn.好处，益处(l)be of benefit (to)(对)有益的for the benefit of.为了的利益benefit vi.有益于；受益于benefit from.从中受益beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial (to.)(对)有益的例句Without specific information, its hard t

11、o estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.没有特定的信息，很难评估做出不同决定的代价或好处。We benefited greatly from this frank talk.这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。Sunshine is beneficial to health.阳光对健康有益。3. equipmentn.设备，装备equipvt,装备，配备equip sb./sth.to do sth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/某物equip for.为做准

12、备be equipped with配备有（表示状态）例句They are equipping themselves for a journey.他们在为旅行准备行装。（D Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.请自备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.餐厅老板将必须在餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。4. preventvt.预防；阻止，阻挡prevent sth.阻止某事pr

13、event sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事例句Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.虽然癌症的病因正被逐步揭开，但我们尚未有任何切实可行 的方法来预防它。He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs.他说这将使公司无法创造新的工作机会。注意表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语还有：keep sb.from doing sth.； stop sb.

14、from doing sth.o 其中 keep sb.from doing sth.中的 from 不可以省略，其他两个短语中的from可以省略；在被动语 态中from都不能省略。5. reliefn.减轻，缓解to ones relief使某人放心的是give sb. relief from pain使某人减轻痛苦for the relief of.为 了 救济breathe a sigh of relief 舒了 口气relieve sb. of.解除某人的负担(痛苦)例句Behind me I could hear other girls sigh in relief.我能听到身后其他

15、几个女孩都如释重负地松了 口气。He watched with relief as the girl nodded.女孩点头时他欣慰地看着。It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。He offered to relieve me of that heavy parcel.他愿意帮我拿那件沉重的包裹。6. make sure确保(l)make sure后面接的成分可以是of/about sth域that从句, 但一般不跟不定式。(2)be sure of/about 确信be sure tha

16、t. 确信be sure to do.务必/一定/必定做for sure肯定，确切地例句 We cant make sure of your safety if you act without permission.如果你擅自行动，我们不能确保你的平安。Make sure that the windows are shut when leaving home.出门时务必关上窗户。(3)Be sure to come to my birthday party if you have time.如果你有时间，一定来参加我的生日聚会。7. satisfactionn.满意；满足to ones sat

17、isfaction令某人满意的是find/feel satisfaction in/at.对感到满意take satisfaction in.对感到满足；乐于with satisfaction 满意地be far from satisfaction 令人很不满意satisfy vt.使满意；使高兴satisfied adj.满足的；满意的be satisfied with 对感到满意 例句She smiled with satisfaction.近满意地笑了。To our satisfaction, the problems were solved.令我们满意的是，这些问题得到了解决。She

18、was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts. 她对自己努力的结果很满意。重点句式My friend suggested I should try long- distance running.我朋友建议我应该试一下长跑。本句中should try是虚拟语气，suggest后面跟从句，从句谓 语用should do形式，should可以省略。在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句 要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持insist、两个 命令 order, command、三个建议 advise, suggest, prop

19、ose、 四个要求 demand, require, request, ask”，这类虚拟语 气由“should +动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语 中通常可以省略。例句He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。The doctor advised/suggested that he (should) not smoke.医生建议他不要抽烟。He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出

20、场。注意动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用 陈述语气，两者的区别是：假设谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。例句If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做, 而不是抱怨。She preferred to stay at home rather than

21、go shopping with him.她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。Mary rather than you, is to blame for not finishing the work on time.是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。3. balancedadj.均衡的；平衡的(l)balanced diet 均衡饮食(2)balance n.平衡；天平vt.权衡；(使)平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡on balance总的来说例句Jane lost her balance on the slipping g

22、round and fell over.地上很滑，简一下子失去了平衡，跌倒了。生，或尚未成为事实，那么用虚拟语气；假设谓语动词所表示的 动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，那么要用陈述语气。动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可 用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：假设谓语动词所表示的情况尚 未成为事实，那么用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”； 假设谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，那么要用陈述语气，此 时的suggest通常译为“说明”、“认为”。1. Its never too late to start getting into running and exercising

23、.开始跑步和锻炼永远不会太迟句中的never too late to.表示“永远不会太迟”，too前有否 定词never或not(即never/not too.to.),或者不定式前有 not(即too.not to do.)时，这两种形式均表示肯定意义。too.to.结构,意为“太而不能”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要 把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。2. )too.to.句式中，假设 too 后接 glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示心情、情绪等的形容词, 表示肯

24、定意义，too相当于very。例句He is too weak to carry the box.=He isnt strong enough to carry the box.=He is so weak that he cant carry the box.他太弱了，搬不动这个箱子。It was too hot a day for us to work. 天太热了，我们不能干活。They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.他们看起来非常紧张，并且急于离开。The rest parts of the unit单词短语

25、sightn.视野；视力；景象；名胜（复数）within/in sight 看得见out of sight 看不见at the sight of. 一看见at first sight 乍一看； 第一眼lose ones sight 失明lose sight of看不见；忽略catch sight of 看见come into sight 看见例句lt was very quiet all around with nobody in sight.周遭静悄悄的，不见一个人。He turned to look back, but by then she was out of sight.他转头看去，

26、但那时她已经不见了。In the street I caught sight of an old friend whom I had not seen for years.在大街上无意中瞥见了一位多年不见的老友。1. catch up with追上；赶上catch on学会；流行；开始明白catch on to 理解catch hold of 抓住catch sight of 看见catch one eyes弓I起某人注意例句After a few days on the job, youll catch on to what youre doing.工作几天后，你就会对你的工作内容有所了解了

27、。Catch hold of every opportunity and you will succeed in getting what you want.抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eyes.有一种独特的蓝色小花总能吸引我的目光。2. responsen.回答；反响in response to作为对的回应/回答give/make no response to. 对不予回答/回应respond to.对做出回答；做出反响；响应respond th

28、at.回答例句The iPhone X was developed in response to customers1 demands.为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果X手机。She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信，给我回了一个 。3. take advantage of利用take (full) advantage of (充分)利用to ones advantage=to the advantage of sb. 对某人有禾Llbe of advantage to 对有禾Ugain/win/have an (the) advan

29、tage over 月生过， 优于be at an advantage有利的，占优势例句He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他总是充分利用对手的失误。 It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance.事先把问题准备好肯定会对你有利。They had a major advantage over their better- known rivals 一they were cheaper.他们和对手相比有个明显的优势一一产品更廉

30、价。4. on the other hand另一方面on the one hand.on the other hand. 一方面另一方面for one thing.for another(thing). 贝U再贝Uone.the other. 一个另一个some.others. 一些另一些例句0n (the) one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I cant bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。I didnt buy that car. For one

31、thing, I didnt like its colour, for another thing, I didnt have enough money.我没有买那辆车。一方面，我不喜欢它的颜色，另一方面, 我没有那么多钱。5. used to过去常常get/be used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事 be used to do sth./for(doing)sth.被用来做某事be used as.作为来使用used to do sth.过去常常做某事例句I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.起初我

32、觉得这份工作很累人，但很快就习惯了。I wasnt used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯于住在这座城市了。Single scratch experiment model was used to give a good explanation.利用单划痕模型对其做了较好的解释。6. adoptvt.采用；收养，领养；正式批准，接受adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的adoptable adj.可收养的，可采用的adoption n.采用，采纳；收养例句Befo

33、re I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple.两岁之前，我被一对盎格鲁夫妇收养。 The new policy is expected to be adopted at the next meeting.这项新政策有望在下一次会议上被正式采纳。Danny is their adopted son.丹尼是他们的养子。7. work out锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；制定出；被证明有效/切实可行；进展一词多义He works out with weights twice a week.锻炼，健身The situation worked out quit

34、e well. 结果是I cant work out this problem.解决（问题）We have to work out how much food well need for the party.计算出（数量、价格、答案等）work at从事；致力于，钻研work for为工作，为做事work off除去；解除work on继续工作；影响；从事work over检查；研究work with 与共事，与合作例句I have had to work for every single penny I earned.我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的。I spent some time (i

35、n) working over these books.我花了一些时间去好好研究这些书籍。重点句式Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.纳瓦罗让埃斯特班名列第三，而他却名列第四。句中的while是转折连词，表示“然而二(l)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。后跟延续 性动词。(2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，但却例句He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.我准备晚餐的时候，他在洗澡。While I understand your

36、 viewpoint, I dont agree with you.虽然我了解你的见解，我还是不能同意(你)。1. Or if he tries to kick you, you can move away so that he loses his balance.或者如果他想踢你，你可以离开，这样他就失去平衡了。so that意为“目的是，为了 ”,相当于in order thato so that既 可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结 果是，以至于。so/suchthat. “如此以致”引导的结果状语从句:so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数

37、名词+that从句so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+复数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句例句George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治几乎没有钱，所以他不得不找工作。It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.事故很严重，好几个人受了伤。They are such interestin

38、g books that we all want to read them.这些书很有趣，我们都想读一读。GrammarI定语从句1关系代词一、常见关系代词的基本用法that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时, 相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于whicho不能引导非 限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。1. which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father主语)在桌子上的那本书是我父亲买的。2. who, whom, whose(l)who主格，在从句中作主语

39、，只可指人。(2)whom宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人。(3)whose表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为某人的，某物 的。(4)whose + n. = the + n. + of which(某物的)= the +n.+ of whom(某人的)。二、只能用that,不能用which的情况.先行词是 all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词或先行词被alb any, every, no, little, much, some 等词修饰。All the people that come fr

40、om the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。1 .先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that,不用whichoThe first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that

41、 we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。2 .先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that,不用whichoThe scientist and his achievements that you told me about areOn balance, we have a good chance of winning the race.总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。The president is planning for a balanced budget.总裁正在为平衡预算作筹划。Lesson 1单词短语1. try out for sth.参加选拔；争取成为（团队的一员

42、）try out试用，试验try for试图获得或赢得某物try sth. on试穿衣物try ones best 尽力try one*s luck 试试运气例句Alisorfs trying for a job as a research assistant.阿莉森正在争取一份研究助理的工作。We should try our best to attend on our parents, and make them happy in their later years.我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母并使他们晚年幸福。It began when a teacher suggested I try

43、 out for the basketball team.这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成 就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及 他们的表演。4.句中其他位置已出现which,为防止重复，不用which 而用that引导限定性定语从句。Which is

44、the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车？三、只用which,不能用that的情况.在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构 来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用whichoIs this the house in which Shakespeare was born?这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。1 .先行词为“those +表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通 常只用which而不用that。Stud

45、ents should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准那么。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。2 .领先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制 性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。II不定代词一、常见不定代词可数/不可数不定代词代替可数名词one, each, many, anoth

46、er, either, neither, (a) few 代替不可数名词 much, (a) little 代替可数/不可数名词 none, any, other, all, some, both 复合不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody， something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing Not everything he said is right.他说的不都对。一Someone is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在门口等你。

47、 But I dont know anyone here. 但是我在这儿谁也不认识。二、难点突破几组常见不定代词的区别：1. many, much, few, a few, little, a little许多有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有（表示否认） 可数 manya fewfew 不可数 mucha littlelittleMany of the high school students are studying hard to enter Peking University, but only a few of them were lucky enough. 许多高中生努力学习想进北大，但只有几个人幸运。 （many修饰可数名词，表示“许多”，而a few也修饰可数名 词，表示“几个”。）Living in Shanghai for a few years, yet he has made few