2023届新教材老高考英语人教版一轮习题：必修第三册 UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION.docx

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1、课时作业高效提能【基础达标练】基础默写I .单词背诵阅读词汇词义默写1. procedure n.程序；步骤；手续mental adj.精神的；思想的2. launch vt.& n. 发射； 发起； 上市leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.& .跳跃；跃过3. . mankind n.人类transmit vt.& 传输； 发送4. data n. /.资料；数据current adj.当前的； 现在的 n. 水流； 电流； 思潮9.sufficient 力.足够的；充足的facility n. 设施； 设备10. fatal 力.致命的；灾难性的mystery n.神秘事物；谜写作词汇词形

2、默写desire n.渴望；欲望”.渴望；期望11. signaloi.标志着;标明；发信号八.信号；标志lack n.缺乏；短缺”没有；缺乏12. float oi.浮动:漂流；漂浮”.使浮动；使漂流otherwise ado.否贝U；要不然13. beyond,在更远处;超出keen .热衷的;渴望的14. shallow q力.肤浅的；浅的pattern n.模式；图案；模范15. analysis n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果monitor n.监视器；监测仪“监视；监测；监控示目的。答案：to find.解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时;

3、主语是it,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。答案：means.解析：考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与 construct（组成，构成）之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：is constructed.解析：考查how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所 填词修饰ice,故用mucho答案：much.解析：考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans,故填it的形容词性物主代词形 式 itSo答案：its24. resource n.资源；财力；物力attach 系;绑；贴拓展词汇词形变化intelligent 力,有智慧的;聪明的f inte

4、lligence n.智力；聪明；智能25. determine ”.决定;确定；下定决心；查明f determined adj.意志坚定的;坚 决的；有决心的f determination n.决心；决定disappoint使失望f disappointed 的.失望的，沮丧的f disappointing adj.令人失望的f disappointment n. 失望independent ,独立的；自立的f independently 加.独立地；自立地 -independence n. 独立26. globe n.地球；世界；地球仪f global adj.全球性的;全世界的argue

5、 .&。上论证;争辩；争论f argumentn.争论；争吵；论点27. regular ad/定期的;经常的；正常的f regularly a而经常;定期地limit n.限制；极限；界限限制一limited。力.有限的II .核心短语默写cany on继续做;坚持干1. on board在宇宙飞船上:在船上；在飞机上in the hope of doing sth.抱着的希望2. so as to(do sth.)为了 ；以便figure out弄懂;弄清楚；弄明白3. result in导致;造成as a result所以；结果(是)4. provide for sb.提供生活所需in

6、closing 最后5. run out用完；耗尽此教材原句补全1. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 196L Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。2. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire t

7、o explore the universe never died.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。3. Despite the difficulties? scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始 的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。4. Sendi

8、ng people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve,把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。5. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。语言运用I .单句语法填空They met regularly(regular)and discussed the hot topi

9、cs in the society.1. By no means is punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally (mental)and physically.2. If we work hard, we will succeed in getting(get)over the difficulty.3. The guard seems to be signaling to us with his arm.4. In high school, I was very curious about the computer, and

10、 built my first website.5. From the early age, they desired to help(help)others and expected to achieve common goals.6. He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.7. There is a difference between wisdom and intelligence(intelligent). A person may have one without the other.8. Further re

11、ading made me realize that it was hard work and determination (determine)that got her into medical school.9. In my opinion, keeping dogs should not be banned, but limited(limit)to certainareas.10. 一句多译/句式升级.最终我说服了他戒掉吸烟。I argued him out of smoking eventually.(argue)I persuaded him out of smoking/to g

12、ive up smoking eventually.(persuade)I convinced him to give up smoking eventually.(convince).如果我们继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。If we keep using the water like this, we will soon run out of it. (run out of)If we keep using the water like this, itH soon run out, (run out) If we keep using the water like this, we

13、 will soon use it up. (use up) 3. Im determined to perform well in the final exam, so Pm occupied in preparing for it.f Determined to perform well in the final exam, Im occupied in preparing for it.(过 去分词短语作状语)Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm, f Though lacking i

14、n experience. Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(省略句)4. All of us should attach great importance to the safety of school buses.f Great importance should be attached to the safety of school buses.(变为被动语态) 【模拟提升练】I .完形填空I was cycling and noticed a person, about a quarter of a kilometer in front of me.

15、I could tell he was cycling a little slower than me and 1 to try to catch up with him.I had about a kilometer to go on the road 2 turning off.So I 3 cycling faster and faster and every 4 , I was gaining on him just a little bit.After just a few minutes I was only about 100 yards him, so I really pic

16、ked up the pace and 6 myself.You would have 7 I was cycling in the last section of the London Olympic triathlon.8 I caught up with him and passed by him.On the inside I felt so 9 1 beat him, of course, but he didnt even know we were 10 .After I passed him, I 11 that I had been so focused on competin

17、g against him that I had _12 my turn.I had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around and go all the way back.Isn*t that what happens in life when we 13 competing with co-workers, neighbors, and friends, trying to 14 that we are more successful or more important? We spend our time and 15

18、chasing after them and we miss out on our own 16 to our future.The 17 of unhealthy competition is that its a never ending j 8. And there will always be somebody ahead of you, someone with a 19 job, more money and more education, etc.Therefore, just take what life has given you, your height, weight a

19、nd personality.Stay focused and live a peaceful life.Theres no 2。 in life.Run your own race and wish others well!语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者由一次骑自行车想超越别人却错 过了自己的转弯处意识到人生也是如此，不要总是关注和同事、邻居、朋友之间 的竞争，总会有人比你有更好的工作、更多的钱、接受更多的教育。走好自己的 路，人生本没有“竞争”。1. A.failedB. decidedC. agreedD. forgot解析：根据语境和第8空后的“I caught up w汕him”

20、可知，我看到前面有一个骑 自行车的人比我骑得慢，我决定追上他。答案：BA.beforeB. afterC. unlessD. when解析：根据下文“我”错过转弯处要原路返回可知，此处表示我还要骑大约一公 里才转弯。答案：AA.stoppedB. enjoyedC. startedD. regretted解析：根据上文可知，我想赶上前面骑自行车的人，所以我开始越骑越快。 答案：C2. A.wayB. blockC. stepD. time解析：根据下文第四段最后一句中的six blocks并结合常识可知，每经过一个街 区，我都接近他一点。答案：B5 . A.apart fromB. above

21、C. ahead ofD. behind解析：根据上文我渐渐接近他可知，几分钟后，我只距离他身后大约100码。答案：D6 . A.comfortedB. protectedC. pushedD. supported解析：根据语境可知，几分钟后，我只落后他100码左右，所以我加快了速度， 给自己加把劲。push oneself意为“给自己加把劲”。答案：cA.thoughtB. rememberedC. dreamtD. hoped解析：根据上文我追赶前面骑自行车的人的内容可知，此处表示你会以为我是在 伦敦奥运会铁人三项赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车。答案：AA.ApparentlyB. Surpr

22、isinglyC. FortunatelyD. Finally解析：根据上文我努力加快骑车速度要赶上前面的人可知，此处表示我终于赶上 并超过了他。答案：DA.calmB. luckyC. astonishedD. good解析：根据上文可知，我终于赶上了他，据此可推知，我感觉很好。答案：DB. exercisingB. exercising7. A.racingC. celebratingD. cycling解析：根据语境可知，我是暗中加快速度超过一个偶然遇到的人，所以此处表示 他并不知道我们在比赛。A项意为“比赛”，故A项正确。答案：A11. A.believedB. expectedC.

23、realizedD. understood解析：根据语境和下文作者要原路返回可知，超过他后，我才意识到我太关注和 他之间的竞赛，错过了拐弯的地方。答案：CA.escapedC made解析：参见上题解析。答案：BA.worry aboutC depend onB missedD. lostB care forD. focus on解析：根据第四段第一句中的focused on并结合语境可知，此处表示在生活中我们也是专注于与同事、邻居和朋友之间的竞争，试图证明我们更成功或更重要。答案：D14. A.proveB declareC. explainD. inform解析：参见上题解析。答案：A15

24、. A.tearsC energyB moneyD pain解析：根据该句中的our time and并结合常识可知，此处表示我们花费时间和精力追赶他人，而错过了自己的未来之路。答案：C16. A.pathsC. plansB entrancesD. barriers解析：参见上题解析。答案：AA.taskB. difficultyC. problemD. goal解析：根据该句中的unhealthy competition和空后一句可推知，不良竞争的问题在于那无穷尽的循环。答案：cB - cycleD. routineB . suitableD betterB - cycleD. routi

25、neB . suitableD better17. A.movementC event解析：参见上题解析。答案：BA.steadyC temporary解析：根据该句中的more money and more education可知，空处应为形容词比较 级形式。此处表示总会有人在你的前面，他们有更好的工作、更多的钱、受过更 多的教育等等。答案：DA.mistakeB. competitionC. pressureD. challenge解析：根据空后一句可知，参加你自己的赛跑，同时祝福别人；又结合本文的主 题“竞争”可知，此处表示生活中没有竞争。答案：BII .语法填空(2020全国 I 卷)

26、China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-1.(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moons far side is 2.(extreme)challenging.Because the moo

27、ns body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4.(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more s

28、o 5.the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change - 46.(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitkenbasin. This really excites scientists, “ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ubecause it 7.(mean)we have the chance to obtain information abo

29、ut how the moon 8.(construct). “ Data about the moons composition, such as how 9. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10.(it)plans for a future lunar(月 球的)base are practical.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，“嫦娥四号”无人探测器在月球背面成 功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。文章彰显了民族 自豪感。1 .解析：考查时态。句子主语是the u

30、nmanned Chang!e- 4 probe,谓语动词是toucho 根据时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为(飞机等)降落, 着陆”。答案：touched.解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式 extremely。答案：extremely.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句， 修饰a spot,且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词whereo答案：where.解析：考查词性转换。此处是“beof+名词”结构，be of interest to sb.意为 “对某人有吸引力”。答案：interest.解析：考查morethan的用法。根据前面的比较级more可知，此处是将the far side of the moon 才口 the familiar near side 进行比较， 故填 than。答案：than.解析：考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.表示“用某物做某事“，不定式表