Unit 1 知识重点总结讲义--高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册.docx

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1、外研版必修一 Unit one知识重点总结一.重点词及相关短语：1.eagerness-名词热切，eager-渴望的，1) be eager to do sth.渴望做某事2) be eager for sth-渴望得到某物 2.butterfly蝴蝶 have butterflies in ones stomach-情绪紧张 3. breathe-呼吸 名词breath呼吸的空气，一次吸入的空气1) breathe in/out-吸入/呼出2) take a deep breath 深深吸一口气 3) take ones breath away 令人惊叹4) hold ones breath

2、-憋气5) catch ones breath-屏息 6) lose ones breath-喘不过气7) be out of breath 喘不过气 8) be short of breath呼吸困难4.explore考察，探险一名词exploration组织，机构pressure一压力-press 动词按，压 1) put pressure on sb.一向某人施压 2) put.under pressure 使.承 受压力 5.description一描写，描述一动词 describe-beyond description 无法形容drama一戏剧一dramatic 戏曲challeng

3、e-挑战 动词-向某人挑战challenger-挑战者，challenging-挑战性的 1) face/meet/accepta challenge of面对的困难a challenge to一对的质疑 a challenge from.来自的挑战challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事4) challenge sb. to do sth.-向某人挑战做某事.calm-镇静的 名词 calmness-平静 calm sb. down使某人平静 stay calm7 .confident形容词有信心的一confidence 信心 have confidence in对有信心 b

4、e confident of doing sth.8 .drama-形容词戏剧的一dramatic10.debate一名词讨论debater一讨论者 debate about一就辩论debate sth. with sb.与某人辩论某事under debate-在辩论 beyond debate-无可辩论have a debate with sb. on sth和某人就某事辩论10.argue一争辩 名词 argument l)have an argumentwith sb.一与某人争论 2) argue with sb.一与某人争论3) argue sb. into doing sth.说服

5、某人做.2) argue sb. out of doing sth.不做某事ll.various-各种各样的，名词-variety a variety of一各种各样的12.volunteer一志愿者，义务工作者 形容词一voluntary自愿的l)volunteer to do sth.自愿做。13. apply-申请,名词 application-申请书 9 applicant申请人 1) application form申请表 2)apply for一 请求3)apply oneself to.专心于4)apply to一适用于 5) apply.to把.应用于schedule-计划表

6、on schedule一按时be scheduled to do sth.-预计做be scheduled for预定在ahead of schedule-先于预定时间view-一次观看，景色，风景，看法，视野，视线1) in view在视线内2) come into view映入眼帘 3) in sbs view-依某人看=from sbs point of view 4) in view of一考虑到view sb./sth. as.-一把.视为.16.graduate-毕业undergraduate本科生 postgraduate研究生sight一看到，看见 1) at first si

7、ght初看2) at the sight of.看见3) lose sight 到.一看不见catch sight of.-看见 5) in sight-看得见6) out of sight-一看不见14. figure一认为,以为 l)figure out一计算18.select-选择 1) select.for.-为挑选select. from.从中挑选3) select. as一选择作为4)select.to do一挑选做in particular一特别地particular一特定的be particular about.-一对讲究refer to一参考，查阅，谈及，描述 名词一refe

8、rence参考，refer.to.as.-把当作15. struggle一奋斗，还可作名词一难事，斗争 l)struggle against sb与某人做斗争 2)struggle with sb, 与某人搏斗 3) struggle一为而斗争 3) struggle to do sth.一努力去做某事 4) struggle to onesfeet挣扎着站起来文中短语：l.over and over again一一遍又一遍 2.wake up一醒来2.rush out of.从冲出去3. turn around-转过来4.step into一迈如5.its ones turn-一轮到某人6.

9、make the best of.-充分利用7.make good use of.-好好利用8.二.重点句型及句式： l.Turning around, I saw a white-haired man.现在分词做状语*现在分词可以做时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。当表的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式 doing,当分词的动作发生在位于动作之前时，那么用现在分词的完成式。如：1).Standing on the building, you will have a good view of the whole city.2) Hearing her coughing, I decide

10、d to take her to the hospital.3) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.2. When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.- 当我的英语老师走进教室时，我惊讶地发现，他就是我之前见到的那个人。step into走进I was

11、 organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave a nudge.一一我正在脑海里组织语言时， 突然我旁边的女孩用胳膊肘推了我一下。一-give a nudge推了一下Sb. Be doing sth. When.-某人正在做某事，这时Sb. be about to do sth. when.-某人正要做，这时Sb. Had just done sth. When某人刚做完.这时I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!主语+be

12、+too .to-一太而不能二主语+be not形容词+enough to。或二主语+be+so .that.not./7如：Before the earthquake, the chickens in the farmyards were too nervous to eat.二., the chickens in the farmyards were so nervous that they couldnt eat.too.to.too有否认词时表肯定，“非常”Its never too old to learn.一学到老，活到老。三.语法：A)句子成分：根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作

13、用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、 宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。L主语S(Subject):表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当，置于句首。The teacher was kind and helpful. I miss my grandma.2 .谓语V(Verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。He talked too much.3 .表语P(Predicative):表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,位于连系动词之后，与连系动

14、词一起构成句子的谓语。He looks very tired.他看上去很累。4 .宾语O(Object):指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当,位于动词之后。She stopped him ,直接宾语 Od(Direct Object) 间接宾语 Oi (Indirect Object).补足语：宾语补足语:C (Complement)用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。Isaw him passing the crossing.5 .定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词

15、、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后。Its a lovely dog. T have the best way to learn English.6 .状语Ad(Adverbial):用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句等充当。B)基本句型：英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依据其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。1 .主语+谓语(S+Vi):这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。The plane disappeared.2 .主语+谓语+宾语(S+Vt.+O):这种句型中的谓语动词

16、应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。She stopped him.(代词做宾语).主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)：此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)。：She is a lawyer.(名词作表语)*常见的系动词：(1)表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。(2)表转变、变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go 等。(3)表延续的动词：remain, keep, stay 等。(4)表瞬间的动词:fall等。The Sydney Opera House looks just like

17、seashells.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+Oi+Od):这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物。He gave me a ticket for that film.*常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词：(1) give, tel 1, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, return 等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。Please hand him a pen!=Please hand a pen to him!请递给他一只笔!(2)buy, get, fetch, sa

18、ve, make, draw, cook, sing, choose, prepare, spare, play 等后的间接宾语可转 换为介词for的宾语。Her father bought her a present. =Her father bought a present for her.她的父亲给她买了一个礼物。*特别注意：带疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常见的形式，其基本句式是：主+及物+间接+ 疑问词+不定式： She told me how to understand the article.5 .主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+C) :1)这种句型中的“宾语

19、+宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾 语“。宾补可以是名词、形容词和不定式等来充当。常见动词有：call, make, find,等如:He found her frustrated. 2) 一些使役动词如：make, let, have和一些表示感官的动词如:see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等。主动语态没to,被动语态有to。We made him play the violin.He was made to play the violin.6 .主语+谓语+状语(S+Vi,+Ad). He runs very quickly.状语可以是：副词、

20、动不定式、从句、短语、名 词、非谓语动词：She had to leave because she had so much homework to do.状语可以放动词后，也可以放句首。如：Honestly, I think he is right.7 .主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+Ad) :We 11 hold the meeting at three o clock this afternoon. 多重状语顺序：程度、方式、地点、时间He played football very happily with his father on the playground last ni

21、ght.8 .存现句(There be.)(1) There be表示“存在；有”。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there (在 /到那里)混淆。此结构后跟名词或代词，表示“存在/有某事物”。(2)There be后面的名词或代词是句子的主语，属倒装结构，系动词常用be外，还有:lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等。在此句型中,be的单复数与最近的名词的单复数保持一致,即“就近原那么”There be的其他常用句型：There be名词+to do有某事要做There be sb. Doing sth. +地点/时间状语-某地某时某人正在做某事There is no doubt that.毫无疑I、可There is no sense/use/good/point in doing sth.做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义There is no need for sb. to do sth.There is nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的