2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点十八选择性必修 第一册Unit 2Looking into the Future.docx

《2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点十八选择性必修 第一册Unit 2Looking into the Future.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点十八选择性必修 第一册Unit 2Looking into the Future.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、十八选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解ARemember back when virtual reality came out as the Next Big Thing? Videogame maker Sega developed a mass-market head-tracking VR system and showed it to reporters and industry representatives at the 1993 winter Consumer Electronics Show. It perf

2、ormed as advertised, carried an affordable $200 price tag and was set to launch the following year. Unfortunately, among other issues, testers reportedly developed headaches and motion sickness using the headset and the system was quietly shelved.A report just issued by the University of Michigan Tr

3、ansportation Research Institute, suggests a similar problem could be found in self-driving cars. According to the studys authors Michael Sivak and Brandon Schoettle, thats because the three main factors that trigger motion sickness specifically, a conflict between balance and visual inputs, an inabi

4、lity to anticipate the direction of motion and a lack of control over the direction of motion-tend to be increased in self-driving vehicles.The report suggests between six and ten percent of Americans riding in self-driving vehicles would be expected to always, or at least usually, suffer some degre

5、e of motion sickness. Whats more, the frequency and severity suffered can be expected to vary depending on what the person is doing at the time instead of driving. Those reading, watching movies or television, texting and working while on autopilot should suffer the most motion sickness, while those

6、 who steadfastly keep their eyes on the road are likely to endure the least measure of discomfort.Authors Sivak and Schoettle suggest automakers design self-driving cars specifically to help reduce it, including having large transparent windows to maximize visual field, and setting seats and display

7、s so that riders are facing forward. Alternately, riders could always take anti-nausea （防口区吐）medications, though this is not a particularly practical solution for various reasons.Beyond that, riders could take a nap, or at least keep their eyes closed while the vehicle is in motion, which is said to

8、 help minimize motion sickness.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲的是虚拟现实会让人产生晕动症，而自动驾驶车辆 也会有类似的情况，同时文章也阐述了产生晕动症的原因和减轻这种症状的方法。1. What is the function of Paragraph 1?A. To present the uncertain future of VR.B. To introduce the topic of motion sickness.C. To highlight the importance of VR and its system.D. To attract p

9、ublic attention towards hi-tech products.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第一段可知，使用耳机时测试者产生了头痛和晕动症，而且 还有其他问题。同时结合第二段可知，自动驾驶车辆也存在类似的问题，由此推断第一段讲述 虚拟现实会让人产生晕动症是为了引出本文话题：自动驾驶也会让人产生晕动症。故选B。2. According to the passage, which behavior can bring about the most motion sickness?A. Driving and humming songs in rough condition.B.

10、 Viewing the scenery and talking with other riders.C. Keeping absorbed in writing a paper along the way.D. Taking photos of the buildings outside the car windows.【解析】选Co细节理解题。根据第三段可知，在自动驾驶状态下一直专心写作可能会导致 严重的晕动症，故选coWhat can we learn from the passage?A. The head-tracking VR system was successfully lau

11、nched the next year.B. Whatever the riders do, they would be less likely to feel uncomfortable.C. A clear window with forward-facing seats would relieve motion sickness.D. The visual influences on balance would lead to motion sickness in all vehicles.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，安装大而透明的窗户和面向前方的座椅会 减轻晕动症，故选

12、CoIvan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist （生理学家）best known for his discovery of classical conditioning （经典条件反射）.During his studies on the digestive systems of dogs, Pavlov found that the animals salivated （流口水）naturally upon the presentation of food. However, he also noticed that the animals began to

13、 salivate whenever they saw the white lab coat of an experimental assistant. By associating the presentation of food with the lab assistant, he finally found that a dog would salivate to the presence of a stimulus （刺激物）other than food. He called this response a conditional reflex.Ivan Pavlov was bom

14、 in a small village in Ryazan, Russia, where his father was the village minister. His earliest studies were focused on theology （神学）, but reading Charles Darwin5s On the Origin of Species had a powerful influence on his future interests. He soon stopped his religious studies and devoted himself to t

15、he study of science at the University of Saint Petersburg. Pavlovs interests were the study of physiology and natural sciences. He helped found the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and continued to manage the program for the next 45 years.Pavlov received much praise

16、 for his work. He worked in the Russian Academy of Science and won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The Soviet government also offered lots of support for Pavlovs work, and the Soviet Union soon became a leading center of research on physiology. While Ivan Pavlov was not a psychologist, and repor

17、tedly disliked the field of psychology, his work had a major influence on the field, particularly on the development of behaviorism. His discovery and research on reflexes influenced the growing behaviorist movement and Pavlovs discovery had a major influence on many thinkers, such as John B. Watson

18、.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴甫洛夫的经典条件反射理论这一伟大发现，以 及他的生活和研究经历。3. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A. The dogs in the studies liked the color white.B. It was found that a dog would only salivate to food.C. Ivan Pavlov discovered the conditional reflex by accident.D. Ivan Pavlovs assistant had a clos

19、e relationship with the dogs.【解析】选Co推理判断题。根据第一段可知，巴甫洛夫是在研究狗的消化系统时偶然发现 条件反射的，故选C。4. What does the text tell us about Ivan Pavlovs early life from the text?A. He was born in a well-off family in Russia.B. He was greatly influenced by Charles Darwins book.C. He was interested in religion as well as nat

20、ural sciences.D. He studied theology at the University of Saint Petersburg.【解析】选Bo细节理解题。根据第二段中第二句可知，早期研究中，达尔文的书对他有很大 的影响，故选BoWhat can we learn from the text?A. John B. Watson was also a famous physiologist.B. Ivan Pavlovs discovery had an effect on psychology.C. The Soviet government considered Ivan

21、 Pavlovs work valueless.D. Ivan Pavlov had a great interest in physiology as well as psychology.【解析】选Bo细节理解题。根据最后一段中倒数第二句可知，巴甫洛夫的工作发现对心理 学产生了影响，故选B。5. What is the text mainly about?A. Ivan Pavlovs dogs.B. A great psychologist-Ivan Pavlov.C. The life and great discovery of Ivan Pavlov.D. The discover

22、y of the conditional reflex.【解析】选Co主旨大意题。第一段第一句点题，本文要讲述的是发现经典条件反射的著名 生理学家巴甫洛夫。本文第二段简要介绍了他的生活以及研究。第三段开头“Pavlov received much praise for his work.（巴甫洛夫因为工作成果受到很多赞扬）”表明此段介绍了他伟大的 工作发现。综合可知，本文主要是围绕巴甫洛夫的生平和他伟大的发现展开，故选CoII.完形填空（2022.大连模拟）Night fell. Falter returned home, teary-eyed and 1 The 33-year-old, p

23、rofessional photographer had just run from one end of Hawaiis Waimea Bay, to the other, 2 his “baby， a custom-made blue surfboard.When back home, Falter wrote on Facebook: “Was surfing tonight and 3 my baby. ” He hoped it would be washed ashore soon and that whoever 4 it would have also seen his Fac

24、ebook post. Unfortunately, the currents swept it out to sea, 5 Oahu.Weeks passed with no 6 of the surfboard. Then months. Lyle Carlson, who had customized the board, comforted Falter with the possible reunion but nobody knew when.Falter never completely forgot about the board. Finally the board 7 on

25、 the remote island of Sarangani, Philippines-six months after and over 5, 000 miles away. It was discovered by a local fisherman, who sold the unusual 8 to Branzuela, for whom 9 the big waves had been his dream.The once-blue board had turned pale with its 10 markings still there: Lyle Carlson Surfbo

26、ards, Oahu, Hawaii”. Branzuela soon 11 Carlson online, who, in turn, contacted Falter.Falter confirmed the board was his and was 12 to learn his baby had floated across the worlds largest ocean and 13 . He was thrilled, but not only for himself. Seeing interest in the sport grow 14 a lot to Falter a

27、nd he couldnt imagine a better 15 to the story.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 Falter历尽千辛万苦在千里之外的菲律宾找到自己的 冲浪板的故事。1. A. exhausted B. puzzledC. refreshed D. scared【解析】选Ao句意:Falter回到家里，泪眼婆娑，筋疲力尽。根据下文“just run from one end of Hawaii飞Waimea Bay, to the other”可知,Falter从夏威夷的这一端跑到另一端，他跑得筋疲力 尽了。故选A。D. looking for2. A. pi

28、cking up B. running after C. caring for【解析】选D。句意：这位33岁的职业摄影师从夏威夷的威美亚湾的一端跑到另一端，寻找 他的“宝贝” 一块定制的蓝色冲浪板。根据上文“just run from one end of Hawaii9s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知,Falter从夏威夷的这一端跑到另一端是为了寻找自己的冲浪板。故选D。3. A. expectedB. lostC. comfortedD. held【解析】选B。句意：今晚我在冲浪，失去了我的宝贝。根据下文“He hoped it would wash ashore

29、 soon and that whoever it would have also seen his Facebook post.”可知,Falter 的冲浪板丢了。故选B。4. A. likedB. neededC. spottedD. made【解析】选c。句意：他希望它很快就会被冲上岸，而且发现它的人也会看到他在Facebook 上的帖子。根据上文“He hoped it would be washed ashore soon”可知,Falter希望他的冲浪板能 被冲上岸，并且有人能发现它。故选C。5. A. away from B. close toC. next toD. along

30、 with【解析】选A。句意：不幸的是，洋流把它冲进了大海，远离了瓦胡岛。根据上文“Unfortunately, the currents swept it out to sea可知，冲浪板已经被冲进了海里。故选A。6. A. markB. proof C. company D. sign【解析】选D。句意：几个星期过去了，冲浪板还是不见踪影。根据下文“but nobody knew when 可知，时间过去了很久也没有人知道冲浪板去了哪里，所以冲浪板没有丝毫踪迹。故选D。 7. A. floated B. landedC. knockedD. dropped【解析】选B。句意:6个月后，这块

31、冲浪板终于在5 000多英里外遥远的菲律宾萨兰加尼岛 着陆。根据下文“It was discovered by a local fisherman”可知，冲浪板被冲上了岸 被当地的渔 民捡到了。故选B。8. A. catchB. fishC. giftD. baby【解析】选A。句意：一个当地的渔民发现了这个冲浪板，并把这个不寻常的收获卖给了Branzuela,而对他来说，驾驭巨浪是他的梦想。根据上文可知，渔民捡到的是Falter的冲浪板, 是一个不同寻常的收获。故选A。9. A. watchingB. paintingC. ridingD. pushing【解析】选Co根据上文“who so

32、ld the unusual to Branzuela”可知,Branzuela购买了这块冲浪板，是因为他喜欢冲浪，也就是驾驶巨浪，故选c010. A. familiarB. hiddenC. commonD. unique【解析】选D。句意：曾经是蓝色的冲浪板已经变得苍白，上面独特的标记还在:“莱尔卡尔 森冲浪板，夏威夷瓦胡岛”。根据上文“who had customized the board”可知，这块冲浪板是定制 的，所以上面的标识是独一无二的。故选D。11. A. dropped in on B. made up with C. reached out to D. put up wi

33、th【解析】选Co句意:Branzuela很快在网上联系了 Carlson, Carlson反过来联系了 Faltero根据 下文的contacted（联系）可知,Branzuela先联系了 Carlsono故选CoA. movedB. shockedC. relievedD. confused【解析】选B。句意:Falter确定这块冲浪板是他的，当他得知自己的宝贝漂过世界上最大的 海洋并幸存下来时，他非常震惊。根据下文“floated across the worlds largest ocean”可知,Falter 的冲浪板横穿了世界上最大的海洋（太平洋），这个消息令人震惊。故选BoA.

34、changed B. approached C. survivedD. remained【解析】选co根据上文“Falter confirmed the board was his”可知,Falter得知了自己的冲浪板 在横穿太平洋之后并得以幸存。故选C。12. A. meant B. contributed C. costD. supplied【解析】选Ao句意：看到人们对这项运动越来越感兴趣，这对他来说意义重大，他想象不出 一个更好的结局。根据上文“Seeing interest in the sport grow”可知，看见大家对于冲浪的兴趣越发浓厚，这对于Falter来说意义重大。故选

35、Ao13. A. response B. solutionC. answerD. ending【解析】选D。根据全文可知,Falter不仅找回了自己的冲浪板还带动了大家对于冲浪的兴趣, 这是一个非常好的结局。故选D。III.读后续写When a tornado（龙卷风）touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completely ruined. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human interest stories featuring some

36、 of the families who suffered the hardest.One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered（破碎的）mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downward. Clutching（紧握）at her sk

37、irt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to hel

38、p those less fortunate than themselves. I stuck the picture of the young family on our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.“These poor people now have nothing, “ I said. Well share what we have with them. I brought three

39、large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite

40、things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up old toys and games.Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She came to the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucys flat, painted face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gent

41、ly on top of the other toys.Oh, Honey, “ I said.66 You dont have to give Lucy. You love her so much.”Meghan nodded seriously, eyes filled with held-back tears. Lucy makes me happy,Mommy. Maybe shell make that other little girl happy, too.注意：续写词数应为150左右。The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their ba

42、by sister placed her favorite doll in the box.I looked at my children for a long moment.【参考范文】The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hes

43、itated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across Bretts face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars. Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meg

44、hans gesture meant.I looked at my children for a long moment. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Inspired by my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did. Ifs easy to give what we dont want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish. However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.