虚拟语气1.ppt

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1、 虚拟语气虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句一、虚拟条件句1、对现实事实相反的虚拟条件句、对现实事实相反的虚拟条件句 (1) _ you in my position, you would do the same.A. Were B. Had been C. Are D. Being解释：解释：A.从句省略从句省略if的倒装，主句的倒装，主句:would do,从从句句:were,省略省略if 后，把助动词后，把助动词were提前。提前。相关真题：相关真题：If there were no subjunctive, English _much easier to learn.(2009,52)A coul

2、d have been B would be C will be D must have been 解析：解析：B B 从句过去式，而主句中谓语用从句过去式，而主句中谓语用would+would+动动词原形。词原形。 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005,51)A would be B will have been C was D were小结：与现实相反的虚拟条件句，条件小结：与现实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句一般用从句一般用一

3、般过去时一般过去时(be(be用用were),were),结结果主句的谓语动词通常用果主句的谓语动词通常用would would (should/could/might)+(should/could/might)+动词原形。动词原形。答案：答案：A A2 2、表示将来情况的虚拟条件句、表示将来情况的虚拟条件句(1)If you _see James,ask him to phone me.A should B must C might D would解析：解析：A.IfA.If+ +主语主语+should+should+动词原形，表示某事不动词原形，表示某事不会、不太可能（发生）会、不太可能（

4、发生）If+ should doIf+ should do表示与将来表示与将来事实相反，由此可知，是将来要发生的动作事实相反，由此可知，是将来要发生的动作相关真题相关真题_ you_ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.(2005,63) A If, had B Have, had C Should, have D In case, had解析：解析：C C 对将来事情的虚拟，条件从句中谓语动对将来事情的虚拟，条件从句中谓语动词可以使用词可以使用should+should+动词原形动词原形 结构，

5、若省略条件结构，若省略条件从句引导词从句引导词If, shouldIf, should应放在句首。应放在句首。 If your car _any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(1998,43) A shall need B should need C would need D will need小结：表示将来情况的虚拟条件句，条件从句的小结：表示将来情况的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语动词常用谓语动词常用 过去时或过去时或should/were to+should/were to+动词原

6、动词原形，形，主句用主句用would( should/could /might)+would( should/could /might)+动词动词原形。原形。解析：解析：B B 对与将来事实可能相反的假设，条件从句对与将来事实可能相反的假设，条件从句的谓语动词可以为的谓语动词可以为“should+ should+ 动词原形动词原形”。3、过去事实相反的虚拟条件句、过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)_ the expense, I _ a trip abroad with my colleagues.A Were it not for, would take B If it were not for

7、 , takeC Werent it for, will takeD If it hadnt been for, would have taken 解析：解析：D D，对过去事实的假设，主句，对过去事实的假设，主句: would have : would have done,done,从句从句: had done.: had done.(2) Many wishes that she _ law instead of history when she was in college.A had studied B has studied C studies D studied答案：答案：A A

8、题意是与过去事实相反题意是与过去事实相反(3) _ you come earlier, you would have helped us settle that tense situation. A If B should C Once D Had解析：解析：D D 省略连词省略连词if,if,再将助动词移到从句句首，再将助动词移到从句句首，实行部分倒装的用法，实行部分倒装的用法，had should were.had should were.(4) If my legs had not been broken, I _ in bed for days.A would not have lai

9、n B would not have laid C would not lay C would not lie 解析：解析：A A 与过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成与过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成式，主句用式，主句用 would have done.would have done.lie(lie(躺躺)laylain lay()laylain lay(放置放置, ,产卵产卵)laidlaid)laidlaid(5)Given more attention, the crops _ better.A would have grown B. could grow C. should gro

10、w D. grew答案：答案：A A相关真题：相关真题：_for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(2002,50)A had it not been B hadnt it been C was it not D were it not 解析：解析：A A 由于主句中使用由于主句中使用might have donemight have done结构，结构，说明此句表示内容与过去事实相反，故从句中应使说明此句表示内容与过去事实相反，故从句中应使用用had donehad done结构。若要将虚拟条件句

11、中的连词省去，结构。若要将虚拟条件句中的连词省去，则需将助动词提到主语前面。则需将助动词提到主语前面。All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.(2002,49)A werent B hasnt been C hadnt been D wouldnt be答案答案:C:C小结：条件小结：条件从句从句的谓语动词常用的谓语动词常用had+had+过去分过去分词，词，结果结果主句主句的谓语动词常用的谓语动词常用should (should (第一第一人称

12、人称) )或或would(would(第二、三人称第二、三人称)+have+)+have+过去分过去分词。词。4 4、含蓄条件句、含蓄条件句(1)She came to town yesterday, otherwise I _ here.A would not have met B would not meet C didnt meet D shouldnt meet 解析：解析：A A 含蓄条件句通过连词含蓄条件句通过连词otherwise/ or/ otherwise/ or/ but/ that/ though/ oncebut/ that/ though/ once等表达条件等表达条

13、件小结：很多情况下，一个句子不一定包含条小结：很多情况下，一个句子不一定包含条件从句，但意思却和条件句相近，这时，谓件从句，但意思却和条件句相近，这时，谓语仍可以用虚拟语气语仍可以用虚拟语气二、虚拟语气在从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在从句中的运用1 1、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用(1) The doctor ordered that she_ in bed for a few days.A being staying B would stay C stay D stayed 解析：解析：C C 在表示提议、建议、命令、或者惊奇、不在表示提议、建议、命令、或者惊奇、不满等

14、意义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词使用虚满等意义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词使用虚拟语气，其形式为拟语气，其形式为should+should+动词原形，动词原形，shouldshould可以可以省略。此类词有省略。此类词有: : insist,demand,suggest,propose,order,require,insist,demand,suggest,propose,order,require,decide,ask,requestdecide,ask,request等。等。(2)In the past men generally preferred that their wives_

15、 in the home.A workedB work C would workD were working答案：答案：B B(3)The old lady said she would rather he daughter _ single.A remain B remains C remained D should remain解析：C would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon后接省略that的从句，表示“希望”或者“但愿”、“情愿”、“宁愿”，从句谓语用过去时。相关真题相关真题Its getting late. Id ra

16、ther you_ now. (2011,61) A left B leave C are leaving D will leave答案：答案：A A(4) If only引导的感叹句表达一种强烈的愿望。引导的感叹句表达一种强烈的愿望。*对对现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时(be用用were)或或 would/ could/might+动词原形动词原形*对过去的愿望，从对过去的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或句谓语用过去完成时或could/would+动词现在完动词现在完成时成时相关真题相关真题：If only the patient_ a different trea

17、tment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(2007,54) A had received B received C should receive D were receiving解析：解析：A if only引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，谓语用谓语用had done；与现在事实相反用；与现在事实相反用did。 If only I _ play the guitar as well as you !(2006,52) A would B could C should

18、D might 解析：解析：B if only引起的感叹句需要使用虚拟语气，引起的感叹句需要使用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望，谓语动词要用过去式表示对现在或将来的愿望，谓语动词要用过去式(be用用were)或或would/ could/ might+动词原形。动词原形。2、虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句或者同位语从句、虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句或者同位语从句中的使用中的使用(1) I second his motion that we_ a special board to examine the problem.A shall set upB set upC would set upD

19、to set up解析：解析：B emotion 名词同位语从句，用虚拟语气，名词同位语从句，用虚拟语气，should+动词原形。动词原形。(2) He questioned the practicality of the proposal that strict policy of punishment_ to curb crimes.A were set up B was set up C be set up D set up解析：解析：C proposal的同位语从句。的同位语从句。(3) It is important that every pupil_ able to underst

20、and the rule of school.A is B be C can be D would be 解析解析:B It is (was)+ adj+ that结构结构, important/ necessary/ proper/ imperative/ essential/ advisable，etc这类形容词，谓语动词这类形容词，谓语动词用用(should)+ 动词原形。动词原形。相关真题：It is absolutely essential that William_ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(2007,65)

21、A will continueB continued C continue D continuesIt is imperative that the government_ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(2006,59) A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 答案：答案：C答案：答案：C小结：在包含下列形容词以及其对应的名词句子小结：在包含下列形容词以及其对应的名词句子中，其主语从句、表语从句、或该类形容词对应中，其主语从句、表语从句、或该类形容词对应的名词引导的同位语从句必

22、须要用虚拟语气的名词引导的同位语从句必须要用虚拟语气(should) do。这类形容词有：。这类形容词有：important/ necessary/ proper/ imperative/ essential/ advisable，etc。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用、虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用(1)His insides had come back again, it felt as if they_ with lead in their absence. A had been filled B were filled C be filled D have been filled小结：小结

23、：as if引导的状语从句中常用到虚拟语气。引导的状语从句中常用到虚拟语气。*对当时事实的假设对当时事实的假设,从句用过去时从句用过去时,be用用were。*对过去事实的假设对过去事实的假设,从句用过去完成时。从句用过去完成时。*对未来事实的假设对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用从句谓语用“would+动词原动词原形形”Though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但主句一般用直陈语气。中可以使用虚拟语气，但主句一般用直陈语气。Even though I w

24、ere guilty, I wouldnt confess.解析：解析：A 在在as if引导的从句中引导的从句中,当说话人认为句子当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或者极少有可能发生或存在的情所述的是不真实的或者极少有可能发生或存在的情况时况时,从句用虚拟从句用虚拟,谓语动词形式如下谓语动词形式如下:*若从句表示若从句表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时谓语动词用一般过去时*若从句表若从句表示与过去事实相反谓语动词用示与过去事实相反谓语动词用had+过去分词过去分词。三虚拟语气用于三虚拟语气用于“It is (high/ about/ the) time”句句型型相关真题：相

25、关真题： Its high time we_ cutting down the rainforests.(2006,54) A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stopThat was not the first time he_ us. I think its high time we_ strong actions against him.(2005,60)A betrayedtake B had betrayedtook C has betrayedtook D has betrayedtake解析：解析：A Its high time句型中从句

26、谓语动词要句型中从句谓语动词要用过去时表示虚拟用过去时表示虚拟答案：答案：B“What courses are you going to do next semester?”(2002,51)“I dont know .But its about time_ on something.”A Id decide B I decidedC I decide D Im deciding If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you_ able to write letters in English.(1999,49)A should be B were C must be D are答案：答案：B答案：答案：B小结：在小结：在“It is (high/ about/ the) time”句型中，句型中，动词要用一般过去式动词要用一般过去式,其中其中that可省略。可省略。