语法复习十七：名词 16开.docx

《语法复习十七：名词 16开.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法复习十七：名词 16开.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、语法复习十七：名词（-）考纲要求名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复 数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直 接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语 so, as, quite 等；time 及常考点。（-）命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用， 之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来词不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意 思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容

2、。词 语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。（三）知识概要英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物 等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写。如：Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。普通名词是指一类 人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称，可分为：个体名词（可数，如：worker, father, book, tree, school等）；集体名词（可数，如：people, family, class, team等）；物质名词（不可数，如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold 等）；抽象名词（不可数

3、，如：life, thought, idea, strength 等）。法，点：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异一一即学习的重点。而很多英语 名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互 转换，其名词类别的转换可归纳如下：1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词e.g. Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词e.g. He broke a piece of glass.（物质

4、）他打破 了一块玻璃。He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。3、个体名词转专有名词e.g. His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。What are you doing there? Father asked.（专有）你在那儿干什么？ “ 父亲问道。（四）名词的数名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。1、可数名词单数变复数： 一般力口 s ： lesson 一 lessons, pen pens 以 s, x, ss, ch, sh, o 结尾的力口 es ： buses, boxes, classes, watche

5、s, brushes, hero 一 heroes但有些以o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo - kilos, piano pianos, radio radios, photo 一 photos, zoo - zoos 以辅音字母+ y结尾的改y为i,再加es ： city cities, story stories 以f或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v,再加es ： knife - knives, leaf - leaves但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s,构成复数形式：belief beliefs, roof 一 roofs, safe （保险箱）一 safes, proof （

6、证据）一 proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs2、有些名词，不按上述规那么构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况： 单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep 不规贝ij变化： man 一 men, woman 一 women, goose 一 geese, foot 一 feet, tooth 一 teeth, child 一 children, mouse 一 mice, ox 一 oxen。但是，German 一 Germans 复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief editors-in-

7、chief, daughter-in-law daughters-in-law, grown-up 一 grown-ups, woman teacher 一 women teachers, man driver 一 men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题 物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别，如：fishes 各种鱼，fruits各种水果，steels各种钢材。 物质名词表示数量时一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags 4叩pies, four pieces of bread o 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示

8、不同的含义。如：work （工作） works （著作），arm （手 臂）一 arms （军火），glass （玻璃）一 glasses （眼镜），cloth （布）一 clothes （衣服）。定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，那么 表示假设干个姓的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, mathematics, news, the United States 有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：police, people, cattle 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，

9、如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。 如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public 有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某 种或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指 各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure to talk with you.； What a surprise.（五）名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“或飞”。

10、如：Toms bike, Engles9s （Engles9） works, a works school, Womens Day, the editor-in-chieFs office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加s”，如果不是共有，就要在两 个名词的词尾都加上 s。如：Tom and Mikes room.（共有），Toms and Mikes books.（不共有）。3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“飞”或表示所有格， 如：todays papers, ten minutes walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop

11、, house, home。$： the tailor9s5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。 如：the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的局部或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生 命的名词，这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数 词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncled, a daught

12、er of Mrs Green9s9 the house of one of my friends（六）名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。e.g. stone figures （石像）；paper money （纸币）；country music （乡村音乐）；table cloth （桌 布）；ri ver bank （河岸）；school gate （校门 口）； book stores （书店）；traffic lights （交通灯）;summer holidays （暑假）；evening dress （晚礼服）。但在个别

13、情况下，也有需用复数的。e.g. sports meet （运动会）；the United States government （美国政府）；students reading-room （学生阅览室）；goods train （货车）；two men doctors （两个男医生）。练习、名词1. The of the room were covered with.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesThere are three in our factory.A. woman doctors B. women doctorsWhich do you prefer o

14、r?A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoesC. rooves, leafsC. woman doctorC. potatoes, tomatosD. rooves, leavesD. women doctorD. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are of different presses（出版社） Now they are having a meeting in one of theoffice.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chieFsC. editors-in-chiefs9 editor

15、s-in-chiefs5. The ant has two. A. stomachesB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chieFsB. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like for supper.A. chick B. chickenIt was hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so as.wonderful space they saw on the

16、 room!A. HowB. How a. We know travels not so fast as light.A. soundB.soundsC. WhatC. the soundsC. chickens D. chicksD.such aD. What aD. a soundMy family raise a lot of, including two.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsA number of soldiers at he camp gate （军营 口）.A. have gatheredB. has gath

17、eredC. isThe Browns have spent a large of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. cow, cattlesD. wasD. size13.work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. ManyB. A great many14. Mr Li shook warmly with a friend.A.handB. a handC. A great deal ofC. handsD. A number ofD. the

18、hands15. Two, please. A. coffee B. coffees16.1 cant pay as as he asked for.A. high price aB. high priceC. cup of coffeeC. a high price17.knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. MansB. MensD. cups coffeeD. high a priceC. Mens D. Persons18.1 stayed at. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home

19、of Wang 19. Sister Carrie works in a factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes20. Have you ever read?A. today newspaper B. newspaper todayTwo walk didnt made me tired. A. hour21. The mother over there is mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and MarysC. newspaper of today D. todays newspaperB. hours

20、C. hours D. hoursC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and MaryLi Mings handwriting is better thanA. anyonesB. anyone elseThe children are playing on theA. sand, sandB. sands, sandsin the class.C. anyones elsesD. anyone elses25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smallerTom usually takes a in bus on rainy

21、days.26. We have no about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC.sand,sandsA. set B. oneA. walk B. rideD. sands, sandC. copy D. pairC. trip D. travelC. messageD. flash28. Food andA. clothMy29. Theare daily necessities （需要）for the people.B. clotheC. clothesof hearing is not so good as it used to b

22、e. A. strengthD. clothingB. sense C. power D. skillcaused by carelessness yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedC. event, was taken place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear theA. beatingB. waysB. matter, happenedD. accident, took place .of her heart.C. knockingD. str

23、iking32.has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A. The publicB. People33. He was an in the government C. WomenD. ManA. office, official34. There are severalB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officerin this novel who are different inA. character, character B. characters, chara

24、cters C. character, charactersD. characters, character35. We visited him when he was in hospital.A. every other days B. each other day 36. My friend will return in.A. one day or two B. a day or two 37.is always difficult for me.C. every other dayC. one day or twoA. TranslationB. TranslateC. The tran

25、slation38.of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. TranslationThe police39. The Chinese areB. Translatelooking into the matter now.C. The translationA. bebrave and hard working people.B.isA. theC.B.41. No news good news.A. isB. areD. every two dayD. a or two daysD. A translationD. A trans

26、lationareC. haveD. are going toC. / D. oneD. hasD. areC. were D. areD. in high spiritD. of JapanesesD. the advicesC. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glassesB. two C. a pair of D. a couple of8. Lius C. Lius D. Lius9C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothesMaths still very difficult for me, though I have do

27、ne my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isWhere my trousers? the boy asked. A. is B. was42. How happy they are! Obviously, they are.A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits 45.1 saw many seated in the corner reading something.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC. of JapaneseFather went to his doctor for abou

28、t his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesWe are and they are.A. Englishmen, Germans8. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen 48.are made of.A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass 49. Til have to buy trousers.A. a50. There are two in our class. A. Liu51.is needed in

29、 cold countries.A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing52. They aremathematics studentC. students in mathematicsmathematic studentsD. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the reactions （反响）.A. mousesB. miceC. micesD. micesThis letter was sent by.A. my father friend B. my father fri

30、ends C. a friend of my father D. a friend of my father 55. Ten years had passed. I found she had.A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs.1 have made with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is than that of Xi5a

31、n.A. more B. larger C. fewer D. smallThere are thirty-two in our school.A. woman teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teachersHe had tried everything but it made little.A. useB. goodC. differenceD. resultYou must get there within half an hour. There should be no in sending the blood to t

32、he dying man.A. waitB. delayC. timeD. hurryEnough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any.A. excuseB. senseC. useD. value-How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my of spare time.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD. intentionHelen said she would like to go to Atlanta b

33、y air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the .A. travelB. tourismD. courseC. journey64 . One splendid mountain followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. viewB. glanceC. screenD. scene65 .The new law will come into on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. servi

34、ceD. existenceWhen you play* football, what do you play?A. situationB. placeC. partD. positionIts important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the in language studies.A. situationB. expressionC. conditionD. translation68.1 wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievem

35、entB. agreementC. viewD. appreciation69 . One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a goodA. sightA. sightB.sceneC. viewD. look70 . Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of are widely used in the country.A. energyB. forceC. powerD. materialsC. possibili

36、tyC. cup for coffeeC. connectionD. CombinationD. actionsD. deedD. selectionD. coffee cupD. friendshipD. wealth; worksD. restD. noticeD. training.with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A. ContrastB. Competition C. Contact. We all know that speak louder than words.A. move

37、mentsB. performancesC. operations.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into.A. factB. realityC. practice.We*ve missed the last bus. Pm afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choice.He dropped the and broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coffees cup.Here*s my card. Lefs keep in.A. touchB.

38、 relation.He gained his by printing of famous writers.A. wealth; workB. wealths ; works C. wealths; work.Hl look into the matter as soon as possible Just have a little.A. waitB. timeC. patience79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave aA. messageB. letterC. sentence.These footba

39、ll players had no strict until they joined our club.A. practiceB. educationC. exercise.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of.A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material. Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.A. priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness.We all know that speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performancesC. operations.My parents always let me have my own of living.D. actionsD. fashionA. wayB. methodC. manner