（5）阅读理解-历史文化类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项解析.docx

《（5）阅读理解-历史文化类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（5）阅读理解-历史文化类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项解析.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、（5 ）阅读理解-历史文化类2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项 汇编1.【2022年全国甲卷，阅读D】Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there-broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally dive

2、rse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate wayshe

3、for a lunch break, I to explore the city.Til miss these old boats, he said as we parted.How do you mean?11 asked.“Oh, theyre replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but theyre not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot. But thats progress, I guess.Everywhere in Sydney these days, cha

4、nge and progress are the watchwords（ 口 号），and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. Sydney is confused about itself/ she said

5、. We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. Its a conflict that we aren*t getting any better at resolving（解决）On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anth

6、ony. Many people say that we lack culture in this country/1 he told me. What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive

7、and dynamism of a young country. Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I can*t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydney*s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.C. The key to Sydneys development.D. Sydne

8、ys tourist attractions in the 1960s.2. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A. He goes to work by boat.B. He looks forward to a new life.C. He pilots catamarans well.D. He is attached to the old ferries.3. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A. It is losing its traditions.B. Tt should sp

9、eed up its progress.3 .主旨大意题。题干问的是”第五段主要讲述了什么？二根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第五 段。由第五段内容可知,对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球 性的变化。第五段主要列出一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。故选A。4 .观点态度题。题干问的是“Steven Moran对人类语音有什么看法?”,根据题干可将解题信息定位到 文章的最后一段。Steven Moran认为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我 们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的产物。由此可推知,它是一个复杂 的动态系统。

10、故选C。5 .答案:l.D; 2.A;3.B;4.C解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 By controlling and directing the secondary roots, they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.（通过控制和弓I 导次级 根，他们创造了强大的活桥梁，用它自己跨越小溪和河流。）可知，这些桥都是在部落里的村民们 的帮助下“长出来”的。故选D。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段的 the tribespeople use the

11、 trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid of, as a guidance system.（这个部落的人用槟榔树的树干，它的中间被去掉了，作为一个引导系统）可 知，在这些桥的形成过程中，槟榔树的树干起到了引导树根桥方向的导向作用。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据第三段的首句 To make a tree grow in a certain direction, the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid of, as a gu

12、idance system.（为了 使树木向一定的方向生 长，该部落用去掉中间的槟榔树的树干作为引导系统。）并结合本段的内容可知，该段主要叙述了 这些树根桥的形成过程。故选B。4 .细节理解题。根据最后一段的 There is even a double decker bridge, known as the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge, which features two bridges grown right on top of each other. It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind

13、.（这里甚至还有一座双层桥，被称为乌姆香双层桥”，它的特点是两座桥 相互叠在一起。它被认为是同类桥梁中唯一的一座）可知，这座桥的奇特之处在于它的“形状”与众 不同，是一座由树根形成的双层桥。故选C。5 .答案：l.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D解析：1 .细节理解题。从第二段的描述可以知道，1066年以前，英国人主要使用两种语言一Celtic和 Old Englisho 故选 Co2 .推理判断题。从文章第三段的描述可以知道，当时在英国，由于统治者来自法国，凡是政治、法律和 供Normans上层阶级吃的食物的名称都来源于法语。故选A。3 .推理判断题。从第四段第一句话When America

14、ns visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more foreign, than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does.”可知法语单词与英语单词比较相似。故选Co.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了英语的发展变化之1066年诺曼征服之后，随着英国政权被 法国人接管，英语因此吸收了许多法语词汇。所以，法语对英语产生了影

15、响。故选D。6 .答案：LD;2.A;3.B; 4c解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句 For example, American Sign Language is unintelligible to British Sign language（例如,美国手语是英国手语无法理解的。）可知，美国手势语与英国手势语没有 什么共同之处。故选D。7 .细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句So a manual alpha-bet is kind of a subsystem within a sign language that is used to represent a written langua

16、ge. And there*s a hand shape that corresponds to each letter.”（所以手势语字母表是手语中的一个子系统用来表示书面语言。每个字母对应一个手的形 状。）可知，手势语字母表的特别之处在于它的每个字母都与一种手势相对应。故选A。8 .推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Surprisingly, the Austrian manual alphabet influenced sign languages as far away as Russia.”（令人惊讶的是,奥地利的手语字母表影响了远在俄罗斯的手语。）可 知，作者认为奥地利手势语字母表的影响

17、是令人吃惊的。故选Bo4,主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容”future research.in general, evolves（未来对不同手语词汇的比较研 究可以提供更多线索，了解它们是如何随着时间变化的。理解手语是如何进化的可以告诉我们很多 关于语言进化的信息。）”可知，本段主要介绍了研究手势语的意义。故选C。9 .答案：1-4BDBC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的By absorbing local rural characteristics, the village branches of the Librairie Avantgarde Bookstore（LAB） chain h

18、ave transformed into important platforms to display local history, culture and folk traditions.（先锋书店（L.AB）连锁书店的乡村分店吸收了当地乡村特色， 成为展示当地历史、文化和民俗传统的重要平台）”可知，先锋书店的乡村分店以当地的乡村文化为 特色。故选B。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段的Many of nearly 20,000 books in the store are associated with the history, geography and folk customs of Yun

19、nan and the Bai people.（书店近 2 万册书中，有许多与云南和白族 的历史、地理和民俗有关）”可知，沙溪分店帮助村民更多地了解白族人。故选D。3 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The biggest benefit of opening bookstores in villages is that it helps provide a healthy environment for childrens growth.（在农村开书店的最大好处是为孩子们提供了一个 健康的成长环境）”可知，乡村书店对当地最大的影响是为孩子们提供一个健康的环境。故选B。4 .主旨大意题。通读全

20、文尤其是第一段的While some feel that bookstores are fading away, one Chinese bookstore has found new life by marching into rural areas in China to bring colorful cultural life and higher incomes lo local residents.（虽然有些人觉得书店正在消失，但一家中国书店却找到了新生 命，它进军中国农村地区，为当地居民带来了丰富的文化生活和更高的收入）”可知，本文主要讲的 是中国的先锋书店进军中国农村地区，为当地

21、居民带来了丰富的文化生活和更高的收入，也就是 本文主要介绍的是一个促进乡村生活的书店，因此最好的题目是C选项Village Bookshops Promote Rural Life（乡村书店促进乡村生活）故选C。8 .答案：1-4 DAB A解析：1.推理判断题。根据第五段 few Haida speakers are extremely concerned about the languages future a（为数不多的说海达语的人非常关心这门语言的未来，对这部电影非常热情。）可知我们了解 到海达语高度濒危。故选D。2 .词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子 Their numbers we

22、re ravaged by smallpox and other diseases in the 19th （19世纪，他们的数量因天花和其他疾病而大幅减少。以前的数万人口已经下降到今天的 几千人。）可知划线词的意思是“大幅减少”。A.Greatly reduced大幅减少；B.Slightly increased略有 增加；C.Stabilized 稳定；D.Determined 下决心。故选 A。3 .推理判断题。根据第五段 The few Haida speakers are extremely concerned about the languages future with Haid

23、a speakers taking incidental roles, weavers creating the costumes and other craftspeople making props.（为数不多的说海达语的人非常关心这门语言的未来，对这部电影非常热情。超过70名当地 人参与制作，海达演讲者担任配角，织工制作服装，其他工匠制作道具。）可知关于SgaateyKuuna 我们知道的是当地人为其生产做出贡献。故选B。4 .推理判断题。根据最后一段This film has done something that I dont think Ive ever seen before,

24、using a feature movie as a process of language revitalization. Its a hugely creative 也说：”这部 电影做 了一些我以前从未见过的事情，将故事片作为语言复兴的过程。这是社区做出的一个极具创造性 和强大的承诺。”）可知马克都灵认为用电影来复兴一种语言是一种创新的。故选A。C. It should expand its population.D. It is becoming more international.4. Which statement will the author probably agree w

25、ith?A. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C. Modetnity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.2.【2022年全国乙卷，阅读B】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from A

26、uburn, N. Y.一Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood一traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo, to instruct the children whose shoes were held together wit

27、h string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however

28、, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children w

29、eeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）dr

30、illing through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, l

31、ooking down from a hill top: When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mounta

32、ins?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.1 .What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.2 .Which part of Wickenden

33、s writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.3 .What is the text?B.A book review.D.A diary entry.A.A news report.C.A childrens story.3.【2022年新高考I卷，阅读D】Human speech contains more th

34、an 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world

35、s languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as f and v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how a

36、nd why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）， making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构），making it easier to produ

37、ce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didn*t grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that

38、 there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of nf t and v increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view tha

39、t all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. nThe set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay

40、of things like biological change and cultural evolution/1 said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.1. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.2. Why was it difficult for ancient human ad

41、ults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeththan lowerteeth.B. They could not open andclose their lipseasily.C. Their jaws were not convenientlystructured.D. Their lower front teeth werenotlargeenough.3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B

42、. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.4. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.4.【2022年

43、河北张家口模拟，阅读C】B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.Theyre not the worlds tallest or longest bridges, but a string of river crossings made from tree roots are engineering wonders that contain lessons for modern architects.The town of Cherrapunji in the

44、 Khasi Hills is credited with the world record for annual rainfall of over 75 feet! And in this rainy, wet climate, the rubber fig tree grows with abandon. The tree has a secondary root system that grows up above the ground floor and lets the tree easily grow on top of big stones and even out in the

45、 middle of streams. Long ago, the Khasis, a tribe in Meghalaya region, realized they could make use of these roots to their own advantage. By controlling and directing the secondary roots, they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.To make a tree gro

46、w in a certain direction, the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree, whose middle is got rid of, as a guidance system. The thin, tender roots of the rubber tree are placed so they grow in the direction of the tree trunk rather than fanning out. Eventually, the roots reach the other side of

47、 the river and grow into the soil. This process can take well over a decade before the bridge is fully functional and then over time the bridge grows and strengthens. Rocks are placed along the bridges sides to improve the footpaths.Some of these bridges are over 100 feet long and can even support t

48、he weight of fifty or more people at a time. These bridges are used daily by the people of the villages around Cherrapunji and a few are thought to be more than 500 years old. There is even a double decker bridge, known as the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge1, which features two bridges grown rig

49、ht on top of each other. It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.1 .What do we know about the bridges in Meghalaya?A.They resemble the fig tree roots.B.They Ye works of modern architectsC.They take a very short time to build.D.Theyre constructed by the villagers2 .How is a betel nut tree used in building the bridges?A.I