自考0794综合英语一课程讲义全下册Lesson13.docx

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1、Lesson ThirteenFreedom in Dying一、词汇1.dying n.动词是die；过去式died；过去分词died ；dead adj. 其中ea e；death n.deadly adj. 致命的；dying 一方面可以作为die动词的如今分词，意为某人正在死亡；另一方面，可作为形容词，意为垂死的。“过逝在英文中一般为pass away.英文中还有一种表示某人死了，kick the bucket.2.concerning prep. 关于3.concerned adj. 担忧的，忧虑的4.handle v. 处理，应付do with = deal with 处理，应付5

2、.life n. 活力，活泼6.witty adj. 诙谐的，幽默的7.actively adv. 主动地，活泼地8.questioning adj. 好问的9.major n. 主修某专业的学生minor 次要的I am an English major.You are major in chemistry(化学)j10.bright adj. 机灵的，伶俐的，聪慧的11.illness n. 疾病 develop an illness 患疾病12.lump n. 肿块，瘤，疖子13.undergo v. 经受，经验14.surgery n. 手术15.cancer n. 癌，恶性肿瘤16.

3、tumor n. 肿瘤17.treatment n. 治疗18.steadily adv. 持续地，不断地；稳定地，坚决地19.remarkable adj. 不寻常地，非凡的20.face v. 正视，英勇地面对21.seminar n. 研讨会forum 论坛22.reviewer n. 评论家，书评作者23 ment v. 评论，发表意见24.retain v. 保存，保持，仍旧有remain maintain 保存25.enduring adj. 长久的，不朽的26.extreme adj. 极度的，极端的27.critical adj. 确定性的，关键性的，重大的28.dock n.

4、 船埠，码头29.agony n. (精神或肉体的)极大苦痛a 30.chemical adj. 化学的；化学性的31.prolong v. 延长，延长32.fully adv. 充分地fully的词根是full33. bedridden adj. 卧病不起的34.luxury n. 享受；满意；乐事；奢侈35.surrounding n. 环境，四周的事物 36.guitar n. 吉它37.deny v. 否认，否认refuse to do 回绝做某事deny doing否认做某事38.unfinished adj. 未完成的，未完毕的39.business n. 任务；事业；工作40.c

5、remation n. 火化，火葬41.reflect v. 反映；表现；反射42.dignity n. 尊严，尊贵43.sharpness n. 敏锐，机灵44.grieve v. 哀痛，悲叹45.enjoy v. 享受的乐趣；观赏46 plain v. 埋怨，诉苦；投诉complain about sth. 埋怨什么东西47.rarely adv. 很少，难得48.despite prep. 尽管49.constant adj. 持续不断的，接连不断的50.continually adv. 一再地，反复地51.willingness n. 心甘情愿，情愿52.honor v. 履行，使付诸

6、实现；赐予某人荣誉53.belief n. 信念，信仰believe in 对信仰54. differ v. 及不同名词different 形容词difference55.independence n. 独立，自主56.acceptance n. 承受57.openly adv. 坦率地，公开地58.mourn v. 悲叹；哀悼59.object v. 反对；厌烦object to doing sth. 反对做某事60.helpessness n. 无可奈何；无能为力61.oncoming adj. 即将驾临的，接近的62.significant adj. 有含义的；意味深长的63.style

7、 n. 作风；风格；方式64.evaluate v. 评价二、课文分析Freedom in Dying 1.The process of dying involves fewer and fewer choices available to us. Even in dying, however, we still have choices concerning how we handle what is happening to us. The following account deals with the dying of Jim Morelock, a student and close

8、 friend of mine.人快要死的时候，选择的余地越来越少。不过，即使是面临死亡，我们还是可以选择面对死亡的方式。以下的表达是关于Jim Morelock死亡的状况，Jim Morelock是我的学生也是我的挚友。involves 包含，意味着 available 可利用的，可得到的2.Jim is 25 years old. He is full of life- witty , bright honest, and actively questioning. He had just graduated from college as a human services major a

9、nd seemed to have a bright future when his illness was discovered.吉姆25岁，他充溢活力-诙谐、机敏、正直、好问。他刚从高校民政效劳专业毕业，前程无量，可就在此时他得了病。3.About a year and a half age, Jim developed a lump on his fore-head and underwent surgery to have it removed. At that time, his doctors believed that it was not a canner. Later, mo

10、re tumors appeared, and more surgery followed. Several months ago, Jim found out that the tumors had spread throughout his body and that even with treatment, he would have a short life. Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has been able do less and less; yet he has shown remarkable coura

11、ge in the way he has faced this loss and his dying.大约在一年半之前，吉姆额头等上长了一个肿块，动手术把肿块给切除了。那时，医生不认为他得的是癌症。然而，不久以后更多的瘤子出现了，而且做了更多的手术。几个月后，吉姆发觉肿瘤已扩散到全身指内脏，即使治疗他也活不长。 从那以后，他变得越来越虚弱了，而且能做的事情越来越少。然而，而对这种机能的丢失和生命的衰亡，他表现出了极大的志气。 4.Some time ago Jim came to California, and took part in the weekend seminar that I h

12、ad with reviewers of this book. On this chapter, he commented that although we may not have a choice concerning the losses we suffer in dying, we do retain the ability to choose our attitude toward our death.前些时，吉姆来到加利福尼亚，参与了我组织的本书评论家周末探讨会。他在评论本章Death and Loss时说，尽管我们无法防止生命衰亡过程中的各种机能的衰退，但我们却完全可以选择对待死

13、亡的看法。留意：concerning =aboutThey held a meeting concerning citizens complaints.他们召开了一个有关市民投诉的会议。He refused to answer questions concerning his private life.他回绝答复关于他个人生活的问题5.Jim has taught me a lot during these past few months about this enduring capacity for choice, even in extreme circumstances. Jim ha

14、s made many critical choices since being told of his illness. He chose to continue taking a course at the university, because he liked the contact with the people there. 在过去的几个月中，吉姆以实际行动向我展示了人的这种长期不断地做出决策的实力，特殊是在极端困难的状况下做出决策的实力。自从得知他的病情以来，吉姆做出了许很多多关键性的确定。由于他喜爱及高校的人接触，他确定接着在高校选一门课。choose to do sth. 选

15、择做某事choose的过去式为：chosechoose的过去分词：chosenchoose的名词：choiceHe worked hard at a boat dock to support himself.他在一个船坞打工来养活自己。留意：support 养活He has a wife and three children to support.他要养活妻子和三个孩子。He decided to undergo treatment, even though he knew that it most likely would not result in his cure, because he

16、 hoped that it would reduce his pain. It did not, and Jim has suffered much agony during the past few months. He decided not to undergo chemical treatment because he didnt want to prolong his life if he couldnt really live fully. He made a choice to accept God in his life, which gave him a full sens

17、e of peace. Before he became bedridden, he decided to go to Hawaii and enjoy his time in luxury.他知道他的病治愈的盼望微乎其微，但他确定进展治疗，因为他盼望治疗能减轻他的苦痛。然而，这种治疗并没有减轻他的苦痛，吉姆在过去的几个月中受得不非人的罪。他确定不去进展化疗，因为要是他不能真正活得充溢，他何必去延长生命。他确定信教，成为基督徒，这使他内心特别安静。在他卧床不起之前，他确定到夏威夷去，高欢乐兴地度过他已不多的时间。6.Jim has always disliked hospitals- so h

18、e chose to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As long as he was able, he read widely and continued to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar and sang songs that he had written. He maintained an active interest in lif

19、e and in the things around him, without denying the fact that he was dying.吉姆始终都特殊厌烦医院，所以他宁愿留在家里，留在更具人情味的环境里。只要身体状况允许，他广泛地读书，一如既往地在日记里写下他对生及死的想法和感受。和挚友们在一起时，他可以弹吉它，唱一些自己作曲的歌。他从不回避他将不久于人世这个事实，但对生活、对四周的事物的热忱却一如既往。 7.More than anyone I have known or heard about, Jim has taken care of unfinished busines

20、s. He made it a point to gather his family and tell them his wishes,在支配列前未竟之事方面，吉姆比我所知道或听说的任何人都做得周到。他特意把家人召集在一起，讲解并描述了他身后的愿望。留意：make it a point to do sth./make a point of doing sth. 特意做某事，细致做某事We made a point of thanking the host before we left.我们分开前特意向主人道了谢。he made contact with all his friends and

21、said everything he wanted to say to them. He clearly stated his desire for cremation; he wants to burn those tumors and then have his ashes scattered over the sea - a wish that reflects his love of freedom and movement.他和全部的挚友获得了联络，对他们讲了他想说的话。他明确表示了将尸体火化的愿望，他想把那些瘤子全部烧毁，将他的骨灰撒入大海，这一愿望反映出他对自由的酷爱，他对活动的

22、憧憬因为海水恒久流淌，因为大海享受自由，不受拘谨。8.Jim has very little freedom and movement now, for he can do little except lie in his bed and wait for his death to come. To this day he is choosing to die with dignity, and although his body is getting weaker and weaker, his spirit is still very much alive. He retains his

23、mental sharpness, his ability to say a lot in a very few words, and his sense of humor. He has allowed himself to grieve over his losses. As he puts it, Id sure like to hang around to enjoy all those people that love me! Realizing that this isnt possible, Jim is saying good-bye to all those who are

24、close to him.然而，吉姆已经享受不到自由了，再也不能活动了，因为如今除了躺在他那床上等待死神之外，他什么也做不了了。直到今日，他仍旧坚持死也要死得有尊严，尽管他的身体一天比一天虚弱，他的精神仍旧特别饱满。他保持了灵敏的思维，言简意赅和表达实力，以及他的幽默感。他不掩盖自己对于失去这一切而感到的哀痛。正像他自己所说的：“我当然情愿活下去，享受及爱我的人在一起欢乐！当他意识到这已经不再可能时，他向亲近的人辞别。9.Throughout this suffering, Jims mother has been truly great. When she told me how remar

25、kable Jim has been in complaining so rarely despite his constant pain, I reminded her that Id never heard her complain during her months of caring for Jim. 在整个吉姆得病到去逝的过程当中，吉姆的妈妈始终很宏大。她对我说，吉姆遭遇持续的病痛熬煎，却极少怨天尤人，真是了不得。她说这话时，我对她说，在她护理吉姆的几个月里，我也从未听到她埋怨过。留意：care for 照看Jane spent years caring for her sick a

26、unt.简几年来始终在照料她生病的姨妈。I have been continually amazed by her strength and courage, and I have admired her willingness to honor Jims wishes and accept his beliefs, even though at times they have differed from her own. 她的坚毅和志气，频频令我惊异。此外，尽管有时候母子俩人的意愿和信仰大相径庭，她却能按吉姆的意愿行事，不干预他的信仰，这使我特别敬佩。留意：at times 有时We usu

27、ally spend our holidays in the mountains. However, we go to the beach at times.我们通常到山上度假，有时我们去海边。She has shown how much she loves him without depriving him of his free spirit and independence.她表现出对儿子深沉的爱，但决不干预他精神上的自主，以及他的独立人格。 留意：deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人sth.For a long time, black people in the count

28、ry were deprived of their civil rights.在很长一段时间里那个国家的黑人被剥夺了公民权。Her acceptance of Jims dying and her willingness to hide nothing from him have given his the opportunity to express openly whatever he feels. Jim has been able to grieve and mourn because she has not objected to this.她本人承受吉姆不久于人世的事实，她也不向吉

29、姆隐瞒事实的真相，这样吉姆就可以公开表示自己的任何感受。吉姆之所以该哀痛哀痛，该难受就难受，正是因为在他哀痛、难受时，母亲决不去劝他强忍。 10.This experience has taught me much about dying and about living. Through Jim, I have learned that I dont have to do very much for a person who is dying except to be with him or her by being myself . So often I have left a sense

30、 of helplessness, of not knowing what to say or how much to say, of not knowing what to ask or not to ask, of feeling unable to speak. Jims oncoming death seems such a loss, and its very difficult for me to accept it .Gradually, however, I have learned not to be so concerned about what to say or not

31、 to say. In fact, in my last visit I said very little, but I feel that we made sig-nificant contact with each other. Ive also learned to share with him the sadness I feel, but there is simply no easy way to say good-bye to a friend.这个经验教会了我很多关于死亡和活着的道理。通过和吉姆相处，我相识到为一个不久于人世的人我不必做很多事，只需自自然然地和他或她在一起。很多

32、时候，我都有一种不知所措又无能为力的感觉，不知道，说什么，该说什么，不知道该问什么，不该问什么，感觉说不出什么话来。吉姆即将驾临的过逝这件事情好像如此的让人失落，而且对我来说是很难承受的。不过，后来我渐渐明白了，根本不必在意该说什么，不该说什么。事实上，我最终一次去探望他时，我没有说什么话，但是我感到我们彼此之间，互相心照不宣，一切尽在不言中。我也渐渐学会了让他知道，我是多么难受。不过和挚友最终辞别是多么不简单啊。 Jim is showing me that his style of dying will be no different from his style of living. B

33、y his example and by his words, Jim has taught me how to evaluate my own life.吉姆的一生向我说明，他对待死亡的看法同他对待生命的看法是一样的。吉姆用行动，及语言，让我学会了如何谛视自己的生活。三、语法及练习 一Useful Expressionschoose to do 确定，宁愿make contact with 联络，联络grieve over /about/at/for 因哀痛或悲叹be close to 及近；及亲近remind sb. that 提示某人remind sb of sth 提示某人某件事hid

34、efrom sb. 对某人隐瞒二Vocabulary Exercises1.From words according to the following rules of word formation.动词+-ing (正在的；使人的)形容词 如：changing 正在改变的following 接着的surprising 使人惊异的burning 燃烧的exciting 使人兴奋的动词+-ing表示行为或过程名词 如：swimming 游泳walking 漫步shopping 购物driving 驾驶working 工作动词+-ing(表示动作的结果或产物) 名词 如：building 建筑物w

35、edding 婚礼earnings 赚的钱savings 存款shavings 刨花名词+-ing表示职业或技能名词 如：tailoring 裁缝业shoemaking 制鞋业banking 银行业；银行学accounting 会计学hairdressing 理发业三GrammarClauses of Real Condition条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句或虚拟条件句。1.真实条件句的根本形式The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.假如你拉猫的尾巴，它会抓伤你的。If you want something really badl

36、y, youll probably get it .假如你特别想要得到某个东西，你或许就会得到它。If you havent got any money, you will think its the most important thing in the world.假如你没有钱，你就会认为钱是世界上最重要的东西。 2.根本形式可能发生的改变1条件从句为一般如今时，主句的改变1may/might(可能性)If the weather gets worse, the planes may/might not be able to take off in time.假如天气状况变坏，飞机可能不能

37、按时起飞。2may(允许)/can(允许或实力)If you want to write a paper on the subject, you may/can take the book with you.假如你想就这个题目写篇论文，你可以把这本书带走。3must或should或任何表示吩咐、恳求或劝说的形式。If you want to succeed, you must/should study hard.假如你想成功，你就必需努力学习。 If the plane is late, would you please inform me 假如飞机晚点了，请通知我，好吗？4用如今时，表示状态

38、或必定的结果If the front light comes on, the battery is O.K.假如车的前灯亮了，电池就没问题了。2if从句的各种改变1用如今进展时，表示如今正在进展的动作I dont mind hard work, if Im working for myself.假如我是在给自己干活，我是不会在乎活有多困难。If you are talking to him now, give him my best regards.假如你正在跟他谈话，请代我向他问好。2用如今完成时，表示从句中的动作已完成，强调动作的结果 If you have finished your w

39、ork, you can go now.假如你已干完活了，你可以走了。If you have lost your car, you should report it to the police.假如你丢了车，你应当报警。3用be going to 表示从句中的动作即将发生或已在方案之中If you are going to the car tomorrow, Ill have to stay at home.假如明天你要用车，我就得待在家里。If you are going to the U.S. youll need a visa.假如你方案去美国，你得有签证。Lesson13第二学时一、答

40、复课文问题留意：下面列出的题目必需能做到娴熟并精确地写出画线部分！划红线的句子尤其应当重点记忆。第10题 In Freedom in Dying, Jims mother has been great because she is remarkable for her strength, courage and her willingness to let Jim do what he wants, and she hides nothing from Jim.在这一课，吉姆的妈妈是特别坚毅宏大的，因为她特别坚毅有志气。她情愿让吉姆做他想做的东西，而且她从不在吉姆面前隐藏任何东西。Jims m

41、other is different from many other mothers in two ways: Firstly, she accepts her sons dying, respects his wishes and allows him to spend his last days in the way he wants. Second, she hides nothing from him.吉姆的妈妈及其他妈妈的不同之处有两个：第一，她承受自己的孩子即将死亡，敬重孩子的愿望而且允许孩子用自己想要的方式来度过自己最终的日子。第二，她在孩子面前从不隐藏。一Vocabulary

42、Exercises1.Form words according to the following rules of word formation.1farming 农种fighting 打架parking 停车encouraging鼓舞人心的. 可嘉奖的winning 成功的2growing 正在生长developing 正在开展suffering 苦痛printing 打印painting 画3sailing 航行exchanging 交换的missing 丢失的closing 亲近的teaching 教学2.Translate the following sentences into En

43、glish.1你们学校有供学生运用的计算机吗？Are there any computers available to the students in your school2他须要一本国际关系方面的书。He needs a book on international relations.3洪水过后很多人都染上了这种疾病。Many people developed this disease after flood.4他在及癌症作斗争的过程中表现出了非凡的志气。He showed remarkable courage in fighting cancer.5由于当前的经济危机，这个国家几乎全部的

44、银行都蒙受了宏大的损失。Nearly all the banks in this country suffered great losses due to present economic crisis.6很多国家都对加了这个爱护环境的运动。Many countries took part in the environmental protection activities.7在家她宁愿说汉语，因为汉语是她的母语。Prefer to choose to do she chose to speak Chinese at home because it is her mother language

45、.母语的另外一种说法mother tongue8他特殊留意用一句俏皮话来开始他的演讲。He made it a point to start with a witty remark.9为已逝去的时间感到哀痛是没有用的。你能做的就是抓住今日。Its no use grieving over past days. All you can do now is to seize today.10第三世界的很多孩子都被剥夺了受教化的权利。Many children are deprived of right to education.11他用言传身教的方式教会了我们如何活得有尊严。By his exam

46、ple and his words, he taught us how to live with dignity.12我反对对她隐瞒这个消息。I object to hiding the news from her.3.Put suitable prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.1We graduated from the same university in the same year.2The president didnt want to comment on his trip to the Middle East.3I dont think s

47、he has the ability to cope with the problems all by herself.4I should have come to see you earlier. But no one told me _of /about your illness.5Dick graduated from college as a history major, but he finally turned out to be a TV star.6At college, they were close friends, though at times they argued about what life would be like in the next century.7His strong desire for both money and power resulted in his quick downfall.堕落。8To this day, thirty years