高考英语总复习之词汇短语与句型应考指南.docx

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1、高考英语词汇、短语与句型应考指南突出语境，强化语意，强调运用。单项选择题命题特点：覆盖面广，重点突出；淡化语法结构，重视能力；突出在语境中运用知识考查。英语单项选择解题技巧：（一）找准关键词语1.It is_ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.(广东)A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly此题关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any，于是排除A。因此，正确答案D(hardly

2、=almost not)。（二）分析句子结构2.This is the main use that the scientists make_ natural resources.A. in B. up of C. from D. of有些试题考本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use.显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是D。（三）

3、适当转换句式3.-Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather _ the important meeting?-Tom.A. have attend B. have attended C. having attend D. have to attend有时将题干句式转换成自己更熟悉句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形，have sb do

4、sth.所以选A。（四）补全省略成分4. -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _her new bike.(上海)A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。（五）删除干扰部分5.We agree to accept_ they thought was the best tourist g

5、uide.A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever就是将起干扰作用定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如I think/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the best tourist guide 搭配，只有答案B。（六）利用对称结构6. -English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?-Yes. _ more w

6、ords and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(上海)A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known就是在作题过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to

7、 the market, _some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy （七）注意标点符号7. There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(重庆)A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go标点有时对我们作题有提示作用。此题很容易选B,认为是不

8、定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定祈使句。（八）熟记固定搭配8. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.(天津)A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly 在平时学习中注意积累一些常见固定句式、动词与副词搭配、名词和形容词搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily ，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。（九）消除思维定势9.Everyone here w

9、ill thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_ the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making 有些试题题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成以后，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做工作”目，所以用动词不定式，选C。（十）检查有

10、无谓语10.He wrote five novels, two of _translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. that有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子“句子”却没有谓语，其中动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上， translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是谓语，这时就选连词which。（十一）查看有无连词11. If a

11、n excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that若经查实，前后确是两个句子，就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B， which引导一个非限制性定语从句。（十二）识别相似句型12. _is known to everybody, light travels much faster

12、 than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What13. _is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What14. _ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound. A. It B. As C. That D. What有句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。12题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。13题选A，it是形式

13、主语， that引导主语从句；若又在that前加个is，则应选D， what引导是主语从句， that引导是表语从句。（十三）正确把握语境15. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing有时孤立地看留空格那个句子，好象多个答案都可以，但与上下句意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案意思是I dont agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句意思发生矛盾了。