往年四级翻译题.doc

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1、 09年6月 孔子学院，是推广汉语和传播中国文化与国学的教育和文化交流机构。她最重要的功能之一就是给全市及各地的汉语学习者提供规范、权威的现代汉语教材和最正规、最主要的汉语教学渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004年在韩国首尔成立，目前孔子学院已在全球数百个教育机构落户，中小学孔子课堂达500多个，成为推广汉语教学、传播中国文化及汉学的全球品牌和平台。 Confucius Institute is an education and cultural exchange agency aiming at popularizing Chinese language and spreading Chines

2、e culture and sinology . One of most important functions of the agency is to provide Chinese language learner around the world with standardized ,authoritative modern Chinese teaching materials and the most formal , principal channel for Chinese teaching and learning . The first Confucius Institute

3、in the world was established in Seoul ,South Korea in 2004;so far ,Confucius Institute has settled in hundreds of education institutions around the world , with Confucius Classroom in primary and middle schools amounting to more than 500 , making it the global brand and platform for advocating Chine

4、se teaching and learning , and spreading Chinese culture and sinology.09年12月 北京有无数的胡同。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 In Beijing , there are numerous hutongs . The life of common peo

5、ple in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital , Beijing . The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture . Usually , there is a courtyard complex inside hutong , with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people . Therefo

6、re , life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity . Nowadays , with rapid social and economic development , many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings . I hope hutongs can be preserved.10年6月 过去的七年，中国的房地产业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一个属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，

7、政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。 In the past seven years , Chinas real estate industry has developed in record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city ,the high housing price is a heavy burden that

8、 cannot afford . For this reason ,the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast ,including rasing interest rates, increasing taxes on real estate,etc. Presently ,these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.10年12月 莫言，原名管谟业，上世纪80年代中期以一系

9、列乡土作品赢得声誉，被归类为“寻根文学”作家。莫言的作品深受魔幻现实主义的影响，写的是发生在山东高密的传奇。莫言在他的小说中表现了他对现实的独特理解，进行了天马行空般的叙述和陌生化的处理，塑造出神秘的对象世界，带有明显的“先锋”色彩。2011年莫言凭长篇小说蛙获第八届茅盾文学奖。 The real name of Mo Yan is Guan Moye . Relying on a series of native literary works,Mos claim to fame came in the 1980s when he established a reputation for be

10、ing a so-called root-seeking writer . His works were strongly influenced by magical realism and told the legend which took place in Gaomi ,Shangdong Province . In his novels , Mo Yan shows his unique perceptions of reality , makes imaginative descripyions , uses de-familiarization processing and cre

11、ates a word of mysticism , reflecting an obvious pioneering writing style . In 2011 , his novel Frog won the eighth Mao Dun literature prize . 11年6月 水墨画是中国画中非常具有代表性的类型，因此几乎已成为中国画的代名词。水墨o用毛笔和墨汁作画，因此大部分的水墨画都是黑白的。这类画作最为常见的主题就是风景。水墨画最主要的目的不是简单地再现事物的外观，而是捕捉它的神韵。 Ink wash painting is such a representative

12、 type of Chinese painting that it has almost become a synonym of Chinese painting . Ink wash painting developed in China during the Tang Dynasty ,and was later introduced to Japan and Korea . It was a hobby of the ancient scholar gentlemen at their leisure time . They drew on Xuan paper with a Chine

13、se brush and ink ,so most of the ink wash paintings are black and white . The most common theme of this type of painting is landscape . The main purpose of ink wash painting is not to simply reproduce the appearance of the subject , but to capture its spirit.11年12月 杭州是中国著名的八大古都之一，已有2000多年的历史。俗话说“上有天

14、堂，下有苏杭”，这表达了古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷赞美。杭州不仅以自然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。一般说来，花两天时间游览杭州西湖及其周围景点较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。 Hangzhou ,one of Chinas eight well-known ancient capital cities , has a history of more than 2,000 years . As an old saying goes , Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth reflects the paradise in heaven .

15、It reflects peoples sincere appreciation for this beautiful city through the ages. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions . Generally speaking , a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist . As a tourist , you

16、will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou .12年6月 2月14日是西方的情人节，而中国也有关于爱情的节日，那就是七夕。关于七夕有一个牛郎与织女的神话传说。据说这对恋人被分隔在银河两岸，每年七月初七，一群喜鹊会搭成鹊桥以使这对恋人相见。与西方的情人节不同，中国情人节并不强调送玫瑰花和巧克力，女孩会准备一些瓜果供奉给织女，祈求能获得精湛的针线技艺并嫁得一位如意郎君。 February 14th is St.Valentines Day in the west . The Chinese also have

17、a day about love- the Qixi Festival . About this festival , there is a legend (mythology) of Niu Lang and Zhi Nv , which says that the two were separated from each other by the Milky Way , and once a year ,on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month , a flock of magpies would form a bridge to reunite the

18、couple . Unlike St. Valentine Day in the west ,there is not so much emphasis on giving roses and chocolates . Instead , Chinese girls prepare fruits and melons as offerings to Zhi Nv , praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft and marry a Mr. Right (an ideal man) . 12年12月 通货膨胀指的是某一经济体的商品和服务的总体价格

19、在一段时期内持续上涨的状态。当总体价格水平上涨时，单位货币所能够买到的商品和服务就会减少，也就是说，单位货币的购买力下降了。衡量通货膨胀程度的主要标准就是通货膨胀率。通货膨胀率是一个按年统计的百分比率，它与消费者物价指数的变化有着密切的联系。 Inflation refers to a persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time . When the general price level rises , each unit of

20、 currency buys fewer goods and services, which means the purchasing power of each unit of money is reduced . The chief standard of measuring inflation is the inflation rate . Inflation rate is an annualized percentage closely related to the change in the consumer price index (CPI). 13年6月 古时风筝被称为“鹞”，

21、在中国北方也被称为“鸢”。春秋战国时期，东周哲人墨子，曾“费时三年，以木制木鸢，飞升天空”，但这只木鸢只飞了一天就坏了。墨子制造的这只“木鸢”就是中国最早的风筝，也是世界上最早的风筝，距今已有2400年。唐代时，风筝传入朝鲜、日本等周边国家。13世纪，意大利探险家马可波罗从中国返回欧洲后，中国风筝便开始传到世界各地。 In ancient times , a kite was called a “sparrow hawk” and also was well known as a “glede” in the northern part of China . In the Spring and

22、 Autumn Period , there was a philosopher named Mo-tse in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty .He “spent three years making a wooden glede that could fly in the sky”, but it crashed just in one day .That wooden glede made by Mo-tse 2400 years ago was the first kite both in China and in the world . In Tang dynas

23、ty ,kites were introduced to Chinas neighboring countries like Korea and Japan . In the 13th century , the Italian explorer Marco Polo introduced kites to Europe when he went back from China , and since then , kites were introduced to other regions of the world .13年12月 许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一项技能，而且也被视为

24、一种艺术。精心准备的中餐即可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是在努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。 Many people like Chinese cuisine . In China ,cooking is not only seen as a skill ,but also is regarded as an art . Well-prepared Chinese cuisine not only tastes good but also looks att

25、ractive . Cooking techniques and ingredients differ considerably from place to place in China . But great Chinese cuisine has one thing in common : it invariably takes color ,flavor ,texture and nutrition into account . As food is very important to health , good chefs always try their best to strike

26、 a balance among grain ,meat and vegetables,and therefore Chinese cuisine is both delicious and healthy .14年6月 为了促进教育公平，中国投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部农村义务教育（compulsory education ）。这些基金用于改善教学设施，购买书籍，使116万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材，现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到本地农村学校就读。In order to p

27、romote the justice in education, China has already invested 36 billion RMB, which is used to enhance the teaching facilities of the countryside and compulsory education of rural area of mid-west. These funds can be used to improve the teaching aids and to purchase books, benefiting 16,000 middle sch

28、ools and primary schools. Furthermore, these funds can also be used to purchase instrument for music and paintings. Nowadays, children from countryside and mountain areas can enjoy music class and painting class like the children in coastal areas do. Some students who were previously transferred to

29、cities for better education now return to local areas to study.翻译二中国进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。China should develop the energy of nuclear more, for nuclear

30、power only accounts for 2% of the gross electrical power output, which makes China the least, the 30th, in the list of countries which own nuclear power.After the Japans accidents in March 2011, the exploration of nuclear power has been suspended, including halting the examining and approving new nu

31、clear power stations as well as safety inspection of all the nuclear stations in the country. The approval didnt recover until October, 2012.With the improvement of technology and safety arrangement, the possibilities of nuclear accidents could be reduced to the minimum degree. That is to say, nucle

32、ar power could be developed and utilized without accidents.中国的教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要培养成阅读的习惯就跟难了。Chinese education workers have already realized the significance of reading for

33、a nation. Some workers suggested that we should have a national reading day in 2003. They emphasized that people should read good books especially the classical ones. Through reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. The goal of education is to cultivate these

34、 basic personalities. Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students. Suppose they dont nurture the interest of reading at that key moment, it will be harder to develop a habit to read books.收藏信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一

35、部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。】With full speed development of the information technology, Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon, different people have

36、different opinion. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view, they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has draw

37、n attention of the people.Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it. Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions. Some people

38、think it is unnecessary to make it courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses. Oppositely, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times. Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted peop

39、les attention.收藏 5 【翻译原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（The Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。、【参考译文】As for the dinning people, ”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked. Coffee is usuall

40、y the Westerns first choice, while tea is the preferment of Chinese. Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor, who lived in 5000 years ago. At that time, tea is used to heal sickness. During Ming-Qing dynasties, teahouses are across the country. Tea drinking spread into Japanese as

41、early as in the 6th century, yet it did not spread into Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.Tea or coffee? Diners are frequently ask

42、ed this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the

43、 sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17thand 18thcentury. Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.收藏 信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来

44、越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术（Information Technology）引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to th

45、is phenomenon, people hold different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public con

46、cern.中国结（the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺（handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman. After several hundred years innovation, it has evolved in

47、to an elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art. In Chinese, Knot means love, marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits. The handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world.