高考英语语法复习：定语从句.ppt

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1、Revision of Attributive Clause定语从句复习定语从句复习考考点点锁锁定定1. 1. 关系代词和关系副词的用法；关系代词和关系副词的用法；2. 2. 只能用只能用 that that 引导定语从句的情况；引导定语从句的情况；3. 3. 由由“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导的定语从句；4. 4. as as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句; ;5. 5. 通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。状语从句、名词性从句的区别。 定语从句定语从句何为定语从句？何为定语从句？ 定语从句在句子当中作定语

2、从句在句子当中作_，修饰一，修饰一个个_或或_，被修饰的名词，词组，被修饰的名词，词组或代词叫或代词叫_。定语从句通常出现。定语从句通常出现在先行词的在先行词的_，由关系词，由关系词（_或或_）引出。）引出。 关系代词有：关系代词有：_ 关系副词有：关系副词有：_定语定语名词名词代词代词先行词先行词后面后面关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词who, whom, whose, that, which, aswhen, where, why一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法 1. which指物，指物，that 指人或物，在从句中作主指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。如：语或宾语，作

3、宾语时可省略。如： The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late. ( (指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略) ) The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher. (that指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略）指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略） 下面几种情况只能用下面几种情况只能用that 引导定语从句，不引导定语从句，不能用能用which ： (1)(1)先行词为先行词为 all, much, little, few, something, anything, every

4、thing, nothing 等时等时: : (2)(2)先行词被先行词被 all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时等修饰时: : (3)(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时: : Everything that can be done has been done. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. This is the best films (that) I have ever seen. It was the first time that I h

5、ad been in Beijing.(4) (4) 先行词被先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰时：等修饰时：(5) (5) 先行词既有人又有物时：先行词既有人又有物时： (6)(6) 在以在以 whowho、which which 开头的特殊疑问句中开头的特殊疑问句中, , 以避以避免重复：免重复：(7)(7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时： This is the very book (that) I am after. He spoke of the men and the things ( (that) ) he had

6、seen abroad. . Who is the girl that is standing over there? Which is the car that hit the boy? China is no longer the country that it used to be. 下面情况不用下面情况不用that: This is the book about we are talking now Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, his parents expect.Whats that is flying in the s

7、ky?He drove the car at a speed _ I thought was very dangerous.He is an engineer, _ I am not.which1.介词后面：介词后面：which2. 非限性定语从句中非限性定语从句中：3.当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that时：时：which关系词关系词 which 5.当先行词指人时，但是指的是某种职业时。当先行词指人时，但是指的是某种职业时。4. 定语从句中，当关系代词后有插入语时：定语从句中，当关系代词后有插入语时：whichwhich 2. who, whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语和指人，在从句中分

8、别作主语和宾语，可和宾语，可和 that 换用。换用。whom 作宾语时可用作宾语时可用who 替代，也可省略。替代，也可省略。 The boy who/that helped you is my brother. (who指代指代“the boy”, 在从句中作主语，不能在从句中作主语，不能省略省略) ) The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our teacher. ( (引导词在从句中作引导词在从句中作 saw 的宾的宾语，可以省略语，可以省略) ) 只能用只能用who不能用不能用that指指“人人”的情况的情况 (1) 当先行词是当先行

9、词是one, ones, anyone, those 等或人等或人称代词时称代词时: (2) 在在“there be”结构中结构中: Those who have a strong will are sure to make a difference. . He who laughs last laughs best. There is a young man who wants to see you.as 常用在常用在such 或或 the same修饰的先行词之后引修饰的先行词之后引导限制性定语从句，例如：导限制性定语从句，例如： I like the same subject as yo

10、u do. . (as (as 作宾语作宾语) ) He is not such a fool as he looks. (as 作表语作表语) 定语从句与结果状语从句的区别定语从句与结果状语从句的区别对比下面两个句子：对比下面两个句子：He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect. He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect him.练习：练习：It is such a good place_ everybody wants to visit_ it is well-know

11、n all over the world.A. which; that B. as ; as C. as ;that D. that; as3. as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句asthat4. whose 在从句中作定语。指在从句中作定语。指“某人某人( (物物) )的的”, , 相当于相当于“名词名词 + of which / whom”： Flora, whose hair and dress were wet and cold, started crying. ( (= the hair and dress of whom) He lives in a room whose wind

12、ow faces south. (= the window of which) 比较比较： He lives in a room, of which the window faces south. . 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯及从句自身含根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯及从句自身含义的需要，可将介词放在义的需要，可将介词放在which/whom之前或关之前或关系代词是所有格时用系代词是所有格时用whose ，但介词后不用，但介词后不用 that： Is this the solider _ you got a gun? This is the girl _ I often talk. = .

13、= This is the girl _ I often speak. . He made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was happening outside. . The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, , _ 12 were won by women.The boss, _ company I am working , is very generous.二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词” 引导的定语从引导的定语从句句 但是但是, , 在含有介词的固定词组中，介词不能前在含有介词的固定词组中，介词不能

14、前置。如置。如： This is the teacher (whom) you are looking for. from whom to/with whomof whichthrough whichof whichin whoseMore examples 根据需要，还可用根据需要，还可用“代词（名词、数词、形代词（名词、数词、形容词等容词等 + of which/whom”来引导定语从句：来引导定语从句： He has two sisters, both of whom are actress. There are a lot of islands in China, the larges

15、t of which is Taiwan Island. . The medical team consists of ten people, , 8 of whom are experienced nurses. 注意与并列句的区别：注意与并列句的区别：1. Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer.2. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer.3. Mr Li has three daughters; none of_ are doctors.whomthemth

16、em 1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，可用指时间，在从句中作时间状语，可用 “介词介词 (on, in, at, during等等) which” 代替：代替： 2. where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，可用指地点，在从句中作地点状语，可用 “介词介词(in, at, on 等等) which” 代替：代替： 3. why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，可用指原因，在从句中作原因状语，可用 “for which” 代替：代替：三、关系副词的用法三、关系副词的用法 This is the factory where (= in which) we stayed last year.

17、 Do you know any restaurant where (= to which) we can go for a dinner? Do you still remember the day when (= on which) you joined the League? July, when (= in which) we can go home for a rest, is coming soon. I dont know the reason why (= for which) he came late. The reason why he was late was that

18、he had got stuck in a traffic jam.特别注意：特别注意： 当先行词表示时间或地点，而引导词在从句当先行词表示时间或地点，而引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时中作主语或宾语时, 不能用不能用 when、where, 而要而要用关系代词用关系代词 which或或that, 试比较：试比较： They planted trees in May which is the best season in Beijing. The museum (which/that) we visited has a long history. 在在 “ “It is the first tim

19、e that .” 句型中的句型中的 that 为习惯用法为习惯用法, 不能用不能用 when, 如：如： It was the third time that we had been here.定语从句解题方法定语从句解题方法1. 准确找出定语从句准确找出定语从句2. 划分从句的成分（主、谓、宾、定、划分从句的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补）状、补）3. 判断：如从句缺成分（主语、宾语、判断：如从句缺成分（主语、宾语、定语），则选用关系代词；如不缺成定语），则选用关系代词；如不缺成分，则选用关系副词。分，则选用关系副词。关系词：关系词：关系代关系代/副词副词指代指代成分成分who人人主语主语/

20、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语whose人人/物物定语定语that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语which事事/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语as人人/事事/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语when时间时间(物物)状语状语where地点地点(物物)状语状语why原因原因(物物)状语状语作宾语时作宾语时可以省略可以省略1Please pass me the notebook _ cover is yellow2Li Hua was one of the girls _ have the chance to go abroad.3He must be form Africa, _ can

21、be seen from his skin4Air, _ we breathe every day, is around us all the time51949 was the year _ the New China was born6I dont know the reason _ she looks unhappy today7This is the village _ my father worked three years ago8I still remember the day _ the old scientist took us to the lab for the firs

22、t time9The letter _ I received yesterday is from my sister10. The woman _ you saw in the park is our geography teacher.whosewhoaswhichwhenwhywherewhenthatwhom用适当的关系代词或副词填空用适当的关系代词或副词填空.Practice makes perfect！ 1. 限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，去掉从句，限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义就不完整甚至不合逻辑：主句意义就不完整甚至不合逻辑： 2. 非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主

23、句隔开，去非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开，去掉从句并不影响主句的意思，不能用掉从句并不影响主句的意思，不能用that来引导：来引导：四、限制性和非限制性定语从句四、限制性和非限制性定语从句 I was the only person in our office who was invited. My father, , who is over sixty, , still works hard day and night. Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect. whic

24、h 引导非限制性定语从句，也可指代整引导非限制性定语从句，也可指代整个主句，但只能放在主句之后。个主句，但只能放在主句之后。如：如： He did lend me the money, which/as I still remember. = = As I still remember, he did lend me the money.as 还可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个还可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个句子，有趣的是，这种从句可以放在主句之前，句子，有趣的是，这种从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后或句中。如：也可放在主句之后或句中。如： As we all know, ,

25、he is good at English. = = He is good at English, as we all know. (as 作作宾语宾语)五、五、as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 as 和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：两点：as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。不可。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时

26、，代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为常可翻译为“正如，正像正如，正像”；而；而which常译为常译为“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事” 在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被as, so ,the same, such 修饰时，关系代词常用修饰时，关系代词常用as。which和和as的区别的区别: as 的习惯搭配：的习惯搭配： as anybody can seeas we all know as is well knownas follows as we had expectedas often happens as is often the case

27、as is the case with as has been said before which和和as的区别的区别1._ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him .3. _ is often the case, we have worked out t

28、he production plan.4._ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.5.He married Mary, we expected.6. He married Mary, we didnt expected.7. Lets read such books will make them better.8. He will give you such information will help you. AsAsAsasasaswhichwhich六、其他应注意的问题

29、六、其他应注意的问题 1. the way 后面的定语从句一般由后面的定语从句一般由 that 或或 in which 引导，通常可以省略：引导，通常可以省略： 2. 当先行词是当先行词是 “one of + 复数名词复数名词” 时时, 从句从句中的谓语用复数；当先行词是中的谓语用复数；当先行词是 “the only one of + 复数名词复数名词” 时时, 谓语用单数：谓语用单数： 3. that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别：引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别：I dont like the way (that) you laugh at her.He doesnt speak th

30、e way (in which) I do. He is one of the teachers who know Russian. He is the only one of the teachers who knows Russian well.I, who _ (be) very busy, cant help them at the moment. The news (that) you told me is not true. The news that we have won the game is not true. (同位语从句中同位语从句中that不充当成分也不能省略不充当成

31、分也不能省略)am七七.特殊定语从句：特殊定语从句：1. He stood at the window, he could see what was happening.2. It may rain, the match will be put off.3. She has studied in the US for three years, she improved her oral English.4. I can think of many cases this phrase can be used.5. What we need are some actual facts to bas

32、e our theory.from wherein which caseduring whichtimewhereon which 1. Last night , John was answering the letters that _ (寄给他的) during the past two weeks. (arrive) (湖北 2007) 2. The city _ (我成长的) is very hot and damp in summer. (grow) (湖北 2008) 3. Learning strategies, to _ (老师们认为) importance, have not

33、 yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach) (湖北 2009) 4. My mother was so proud of all _ (我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (湖北 2010) 5. _(正如我们强调的那样) many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) (湖北 2010)where/in which I grew upwhich teachers attach(that)

34、I had doneAs we have stressed had arrived for him 6. There is a board by the side of the well, _ (上面写着) “Dont forget the digger when you fetch water from the well.” (write) 7. I can never forget _ (我们一起度过的日子). (spend) 8. We will put off the picnic next week, _ (那时天气会好些). (fine) 9. In our school ther

35、e are 3,000 students, _ _ (其中2/5是女生). (be) 10. The rich, _ (对他们来说钱不是问题), wanted to stay at an expensive hotel. (problem) the days (which) we spent together when the weather may be fine two fifths of whom are girlsfor whom money was not a problemon which are written 11. Is this hotel _ (我们要住的) next w

36、eek? (stay) 12. Steven Spielberg, _ (他的妈妈是老师), was born in 1946 in a small town in America. (be) 13. _ (他不能到那里去的原因) was that he was ill in bed. (reason) 14. This was the moment _ (我们的事业真正腾飞). (take) 15. It was the first time _ (我参观) the Great Wall of China. (visit) where we will/are to staywhose mot

37、her was a teacherThe reason why he could not go there when our career really took offthat I had visited 16. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, _ (其后果十分严重). (effects) 17. I was given three books on cooking, _ (我喜欢其中第一本). (enjoy) 18. _ (和通常情况一样), we have worked out the production

38、 plan on time. (case) 19. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, _ (一定有) three meters deep. (be) 20. What surprised me most was not what he said but _ (他说话的方式). (say)whose effects are very serious the first of which I enjoyAs is often the casewhich must have been the way he said itGoodbye !