Grammar之过去分词作定语表语和宾补及状语.ppt

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1、GrammarThe Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative广水市实验高中广水市实验高中 liyueqin复习定语与表语的概念复习定语与表语的概念定语的概念：在句中定语的概念：在句中修饰名词或修饰名词或代词代词的成分，相当于形容词。的成分，相当于形容词。表语的概念：是谓语的一部分，表语的概念：是谓语的一部分，位于位于系动词之后系动词之后，说明，说明主语身份、主语身份、特征或状态特征或状态。过去分词概述过去分词概述过去分词具有动词的性质，同时过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作可

2、以作表语、定语、状语和补足语表语、定语、状语和补足语. . 过去分词有规则和不规则之分。规过去分词有规则和不规则之分。规则的就是在动词原形之后加则的就是在动词原形之后加-ed.-ed.一一.动词过去分词作定语的位置动词过去分词作定语的位置. .单个单个的过去分词的过去分词或由过去分词构成的或由过去分词构成的复合形容词复合形容词作作定语一般放在定语一般放在所修饰词所修饰词的前面，的前面，称为称为前置定语前置定语。过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面, ,称称为为后置定语后置定语。eg: encouraged people a well-known ph

3、ysician the girl named Mary a school built 14 years ago二二.过去分词做定语表示的意义过去分词做定语表示的意义1.及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 a broken window 一扇破碎的窗户一扇破碎的窗户 astonished people 受惊吓的人们受惊吓的人们 a closed door 一扇关上的门一扇关上的门2.不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 the develope

4、d countries 发达国家发达国家 a drunk man 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼二二.过去分词做定语表示的意义过去分词做定语表示的意义结论结论1.及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被被动和完成动和完成的意义。的意义。2. 不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词作定语时作定语时只有只有完成完成意义。意义。eg: a used stamp fallen leaves 三三.过去分词作定语可与相对应的过去分词作定语可与相对应的定语从句定语从句相互转换相互转换 He found that it came from the river polluted by the

5、 dirty water from London.He found that it came from the river which/ that was polluted by the dirty water from London. 四四.过去分词与现在分词作定过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别语的区别1.语态不同：语态不同：V-ing表表主动主动含义，含义，V-ed(及物性及物性)表表被动被动含义。含义。2.时间关系不同时间关系不同: V-ing 表示动作表示动作正在进行正在进行, V-ed 表示动作表示动作已完成已完成。a fallen treea falling treea flying

6、 birdprepared breakfast五五.注意点注意点过去分词、过去分词、现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态和动词不定和动词不定式的被动语态作式的被动语态作定语定语意义的不同。意义的不同。eg:1.Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates. 2.The shopping centre being built was designed by Mr. Wang. 3.The building to be finished next year will be our new theatre.过去分词过去分词作定

7、语，表示分词的动作作定语，表示分词的动作_, _, 现在分词现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动作作_，动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表作定语，表示动词不定式的被动动作示动词不定式的被动动作_._.The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with usThe problem being discussedhas something to do with us.The problem to be discussed tomorrow has something to do w

8、ith us.已经完成已经完成 正在发生正在发生 将要发生将要发生 六六.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语1.过去分词做表语过去分词做表语表示表示主语主语的的心理感觉心理感觉或所或所处的处的状态状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：作形容词使用。如：interested, excited, impressed, disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, marrie

9、d, frustrated, frightened, scared等等.七七.其它用法其它用法1.表示情感的动词的现在分词与过去分词作形容词表示情感的动词的现在分词与过去分词作形容词的用法和区别。的用法和区别。表示情感的动词的表示情感的动词的现在分词作形容词现在分词作形容词，其主语通常，其主语通常为（物），有时为（人），为（物），有时为（人），常翻译为：令人常翻译为：令人 ；而这类动词的过去分词做形容词，其主语一般为而这类动词的过去分词做形容词，其主语一般为（人），有时为（物），而这种事物仍与人有关，（人），有时为（物），而这种事物仍与人有关，常翻译为：感到常翻译为：感到。(1)From hi

10、s _ look on his face, the price of meatmust have risen. A. disappointed B. disappointing(2) He hung up the phone with a _ smile on his face. A. satisfied B. satisfyingChoose the best answer.(3) Judging from her _ face, she must be in trouble. A. puzzled B. puzzling(4) The _ parents are not _ with th

11、eir _ son. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. satisfied D. satisfactoryAAABCAPractice1、Complete the following sentences with the words given.(1)The boys were_ when they heard the _ news. (excite)(2)His _ look suggested that he knew nothing about it. (surprise)(3)Our class went on an _trip last Mond

12、ay. (organize)(4)Did you attend the meeting _ yesterday? (hold)(5)When he was seeing the _ film (bore), he was very _(disappoint).excitedexcitingsurprisedorganizedheldboringdisappointed2、根据中文完成下列句子。(1)他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 at the sad sight.(2)中国分秒必争，以便赶上发达国家。 China has no time to lose to catch up with _i

13、n the world.(3)他们减少了用于实验的动物数量。They reduced the number of animals_.(4)输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。 after she lost the game.(5)下调了的价格每一打将会节省你一美元。 will save you one dollar for each dozen.They were frightenedthe developed countriesused in experimentsShe look disappointedThe reduced pricePast Participles used as obj

14、ect complement 广水市实验高中广水市实验高中 一。用过去分词作宾语补足语的情一。用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况况 1.使役动词使役动词get ,have ,make, keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”或或“请别人做某事请别人做某事”。eg: I had my recorder repaired. (I asked somebody else to repair it.) I had the room cleaned. (I organized it.)例句例句He had his foo

15、t injured.(something bad happened.)We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.掌握掌握“使役动词使役动词 have + 宾语过去分宾语过去分词词”的几种含义的几种含义 (1).意为意为“主语请别人做某事主语请别人做某事”。例如：例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。（他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检检查查”的动作由医生来进行）的

16、动作由医生来进行）(2).意为意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情的事情”。例如：。例如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。当心，否则会弄伤手的。 (3).意为意为“使完成某事使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如：做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如： He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与） 用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况用过去分词作宾语

17、补足语的情况 2.感官动词感官动词feel, find, listen to ,hear,see, notice,look at , observe ,watch, smell等等表示表示感觉和心理状态感觉和心理状态的动词之后，可接过的动词之后，可接过去分词做宾语补足语，表示：去分词做宾语补足语，表示：“感受到感受到/发发现现/听到听到/注意到注意到/看到某人或某事被看到某人或某事被 ”。eg:I was walking in the street when I heard my name called. He was disappointed to find his suggestions

18、turned down.I saw _bitehim bitten by a dog.I saw _robhim robbed by a man.Fill in the blanks.I heard someone _me. I heard my name_. I found Tom _ the window.I found the window _callingcalledbreakbroken.3.“with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词结构中，过去分词用作介词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。句中

19、作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 例如例如The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）方式）With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）事情得到解决，

20、我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部某一身体部位位，且，且作宾补的动词是及物动词作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词去分词不可换用现在分词不可换用现在分词。如：。如： She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（视着他（ fix ones eyes on 为固定短语，为固定短语，因此，不可将句中因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为换为 fix

21、ing ）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。他仍然举着手站了一会儿。当用某些当用某些不及物动词不及物动词的分词形式作身的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用体部位的宾补时，用现在分词现在分词的形式。如：的形式。如：She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。（她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为意为“心跳心跳”，是不及物动词）是不及物动词）5.有时过去分词作宾补可以变有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语作主语补足语，说明主语

22、所处，说明主语所处的状态的状态The door was found broken.Her bag was found stolen when she woke up.6.过去分词与不定式过去分词与不定式,现在分词作感官动词现在分词作感官动词宾补的区别：宾补的区别： 三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过过去分词去分词强调他们之间的强调他们之间的被动关系被动关系，不定式不定式强调动作发生的强调动作发生的全过程全过程(不带不带to)，现在分词现在分词强调他们之间的强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。主动关系，正在进行。I saw her come into the cla

23、ssroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.Exercise:1.The managers discussed the plan thatthey would like to see_the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had had_went wro

24、ng again.A.it B. it repairedC.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newlyelected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to

25、 be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of.A.take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday.A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,butyou cant make yourself_in English.A.understa

26、nd; understandB.understand, understoodC.to understand, understandD.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving;unlockingC.left, u

27、nlocked D.to leave;unlocking10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A .settled B .settling C.be settled D .having been settled11.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A .to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D .blown12. Being poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. un

28、derstand B. to understand C. understandingD. understood 13. I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing 3. You must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D D. do

29、ne 4. _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _ . A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; stolen C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen 第三讲第三讲Past Participles used as the adverbial广水市实验高中广水市实验高中 概述概述1.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动

30、作发生时的背景或状况，它的作发生时的背景或状况，它的逻辑主语就逻辑主语就是句子的主语是句子的主语，且句子的主语是这个过去，且句子的主语是这个过去分词动作的承受者，也就是说：过去分词分词动作的承受者，也就是说：过去分词与句子的主语之间是与句子的主语之间是逻辑动宾关系逻辑动宾关系，即被，即被动关系。动关系。概述概述2.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作作条件条件、原因原因及及时间时间状语时，状语时，常放在常放在句首句首； 作作伴随伴随、结果结果状语时，常放在状语时，常放在句末句末； 作作方式方式状语时，一般放在状语时，一般放在句末句末，有时也放，有时也放在句首；在句首； 作作让步让步状语时，一般放在状

31、语时，一般放在句首句首，有时也放，有时也放在句末。在句末。作时间状语作时间状语When heated, water can be changed into steam.水加热后可以变成蒸汽水加热后可以变成蒸汽.作时间状语时可转换为作时间状语时可转换为when,while等引导等引导的时间状语从句的时间状语从句注意注意:作时间状语时作时间状语时,过去分词如果过去分词如果同时表被动同时表被动和动作完成和动作完成,常可换用常可换用现在分词的被动完成现在分词的被动完成式式;过去分词如果过去分词如果只表被动只表被动,不表完成不表完成,则则不不可可与现在分词的被动完成式换用与现在分词的被动完成式换用.如如

32、:作时间状语作时间状语Discussed(Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.在讨论了多次之后在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了问题终于解决了. (过去过去分词既表被动又表完成分词既表被动又表完成)Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮从山上看这个公园非常漂亮. (过去分词只过去分词只表被动表被动)作原因状语作原因状语可转换为as, since, because引导的状语引导的状语从句。从句。Frightene

33、d by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.Because she was frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.作条件状语作条件状语可转换成可转换成if, unless，unless等引导的状语等引导的状语从句。从句。Given more attention，the cabbages could have grown better. If they had been given

34、more attentionthe cabbages could have grown better.作让步状语作让步状语可转换为可转换为though, although或或even if等引等引导的状语从句。导的状语从句。Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged. Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.作方式状语作方式状语如有如有连词连词as if,就可转换为就可转换为as if引导的方式引导

35、的方式主语从句；主语从句；若无若无，则转换为并列结构。，则转换为并列结构。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.作伴随状语作伴随状语作状语表示伴随情况时作状语表示伴随情况时,过去分词可用过去分词可用并列并列句句代替代替.如如:The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.The hunter left his house and he was followed by his dog.注意点注意点1.过去分词过去分

36、词(及物及物)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 【注意】【注意】written 为过去分词作状语为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写而且已经被写. 值得注意值得注意的是的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时作状语时不表被动而表主动不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见这样的过去分词及短语常见的有的有: lost (迷路迷路); seated (坐坐); hidden (躲躲); stati

37、oned (驻扎驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于); born (出身于出身于); dressed in (穿着穿着); tired of (厌厌烦烦). 如：如：注意点注意点Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音所以他没听到那个声音.2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主语语,此时应注意此时应注意人称一致人称一致.Given another hour, I can also work out

38、 this problem. (given 为过去分词作状语为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主它的逻辑主语为主句主语句主语 I ,即即 I 被再给一个小时被再给一个小时.)注意点注意点3.过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词作状语时，它与句子的主语之间过去分词作状语时，它与句子的主语之间常存在逻辑上的常存在逻辑上的动宾动宾关系；现在分词形式关系；现在分词形式作状语时，与句子主语之间常存在逻辑上作状语时，与句子主语之间常存在逻辑上的的主谓主谓关系。如：关系。如：Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks

39、 very beautiful.Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city.注意点注意点4.状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词保留连词,构成构成连词连词+过去分词过去分词结构作状语结构作状语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.5.如果句子的主语不作过去分词的逻辑主语，如果句子的主语不作过去分词的逻辑主语，可用分词的独立主格结构。可用分词的独立主格结构。His glass

40、es broken, he couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out C .see 为感官动词，作宾语为感官动词，作宾语“ the plan ”的补足语的补足语,carried out 和和 the plan 之间为被动关系。之间为被动关系。 2. The research is

41、so designed that once _, nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun D 实际上这里的“ once begun ”是“ once the research is begun ”的省略形式.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和助动词be 。 ConsolidationConsolidation 巩固练习巩固练习3. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as

42、a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written D 用过去分词 written 作后置定语表示被动意义，而且表示该动作已经完成。 4. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912. A. first holding B. to be first held C. first held D. to be first hold

43、ing C “ first played ”作定语，修饰 the Olympic Games ，被修饰语与修 饰语之间是被动关系。 6. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known D 过去分词短语作定语，表示意义 7. 从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a

44、bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen8. 从太空看从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen巩固练习巩固练习 9_ black and blue, the lady couldnt move ABeaten BBeating CTo be beaten DTo beat10_ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves. AHunting, hiding BTo hunt, to hide CHunted, hiding DHunted, to hide11.Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on B