2022年专四虚拟语气总结讲课稿 .pdf

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1、专 四 虚 拟 语 气 总 结 ( 打印 )名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除专四语法（虚拟语气）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句 主将从现eg. If he com

2、es, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意： 1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用 shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret

3、 it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) + 动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间 if 从句谓语形式主句谓语形式名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除与现在事实相反动词过去式 (be 用

4、were不分人称 ) would / should / might / could + 动词原形与过去事实相反had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式 (be用 were) should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形eg. If I were you, I would not go there. If I had time, I would do it again. If I had known of your ar

5、rival, I should have met you at the station. If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correct conclusion. 真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd people there. （00, 49） C A. weren t B. hasn t been C. hadn t been D. wouldn t

6、be 2. If your car _ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer. （98, 43）B A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. (09, 52) B A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 4. _ for the

7、 fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (02, 60） A A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) A A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 6. I

8、was to have made a speech if _. (97, 51) C A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -

9、- - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去

10、事实相反) 真题举例：1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (08, 52) D A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 2. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? (04,54) A A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had

11、you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised 识别事实和假设混合句Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而“ 父母病了 ” 是事实 ) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all

12、 possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. (前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实) 真题举例：1. He would have finished his college education, but he _ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） C A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 2. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dea

13、ler for advice. (05, 63) C A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 3. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98, 43 ) B A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 含蓄虚拟条件句有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含蓄条件句。名师资料总结 -

14、- -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除eg. A more careful student wouldn t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She mus

15、t have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school. (1) 连词 but, but that, or, or else ；副词 otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. Victor obviously doesnt know whats happened; otherwise he woul

16、dn t have made such a stupid remark. I used my calculator; otherwise I d have taken much longer. (2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：But for your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.（94年）The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would

17、 have been in time. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without your timely help, my daughter would have drowned. (3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were +不定式完成式或 had intended / meant / planned / hoped / wished + 不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：I intended to have called on you, but I was b

18、usy at that time. (4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.真题举例：1. You _ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. (00, 48) A A. needn t have told B. neednt tellC. mustn t have told D. mustn t tell 2. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for t

19、oday. (09,61) A A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 3. You _ Mark anything. It was none of his business. (98, 52) A A. needn t have told B. neednt tellC. mustn t have told D. mustnt tell虚拟条件句的倒装名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

20、 - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把were, should或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come e

21、arlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用 was， 即在从句中 be用 were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题：

22、_ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if 省略，主语提前 , 变成 were, should, had + 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do. 例 1: _ for the fact that she broke her leg

23、，she might have passed the exam.（2002:50）A. Had it not been B. Hadn t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 例 2: _, he would not have recovered so quickly. （199565）A. Hadnt he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken

24、good care of 例 3: _ their help, we would not have succeeded 。 （1992:55）AHadn t been for B. Had it not been for 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除C. It hadn t been for D. Had not it been for 例 4: _ you we

25、re busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.（1994-62）A. if I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized 例 5: _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （200563）A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. in case, had 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句是指宾

26、语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用 (should+)动词原形表示虚拟。(1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式： advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, vote. eg. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake. She dem

27、anded that we attack at once. The job would require that he beat the factory at 7 oclock every morning注意： 如 suggest, insist不表示 建议 或坚持要某人做某事时 ，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明 、坚持认为 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。如：The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错 : （错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) You

28、r pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对)I insisted that you were wrong. (2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable, best, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital.名师

29、资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprised.eg. The board deem it urgent that these files sh

30、ould be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice. It is best that workers have a pleasant place to relax. It is desirable that the meeting be held as soon as possible. 真题举例：1. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficultie

31、s.(07,65) CA. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues 2. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) C A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract 3. It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. (o4, 56）A A. h

32、and in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 4. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (10, 60) AA. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in 5. I am surprised _ this city is a dull place to live in. ( 2006, 57) A A. that you should think B. by what you are th

33、inking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking 辨析： The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that. ( 2003,57) A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared 【详解】在 It is essential/important等结构中，可以用不定式结构或从句，但从句必须用虚拟语气

34、，因此四个选项中只有A 符合要求。 B 项的谓语动词如改为“be prepared ”或“should be prepared”则正确。(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：advice, decision, desire, importance, insistence, instruction, motion, necessity, preference, proposal, order, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, suggestion.eg. The professor gave orders

35、 that the test be finished before 10:30. Father s advice that John wait until next week is quite reasonable. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative be sent to the conference on schedule. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第

36、8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除例子： He left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.(97, 43) A A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 虚拟语气的其他表示法1. I wish + that 句型用于 wish 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况Wish 后从句动作与主句动作同时发生现在时过去时（ be的

37、过去式为were）从句动作先于主句动作发生过去时过去完成时（ had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would / could / might / should + 原形动词例子： I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I knew the answer to your question. He wished he hadnt said that. She wished that she could have been there yesterday. I wish it would rain tomorrow. 2. would rather (

38、sooner) 1) would rather (sooner)+不带 to 的不定式，表示个人的选择，或谈论别人的选择，它可以指现在 : eg. I would rather have coffee than tea. Hed rather not go by car. 也可以指过去：eg. John would rather not have gone to class yesterday. 2）would rather (sooner) that., 从句部分要求用虚拟语气。i）would raher (sooner ) that + 主语+动词过去式，表示与现在事实相反eg. He w

39、ould rather that it were winter now. I d rather she sat next to me. ii) would rather (sooner ) that + 主语+动词过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反eg. Jim would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. I d rather he had told me about it. I would just as soon you didnt drivethe car while Im gone名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - -

40、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除3. If it were not for (与现在事实相反 ) If it had not been for (与过去事实相反 ) 相当于 but for 。如：If it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have succeeded. 例子： _ for the fact that she b

41、roke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (02, 60）A A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 4. 以 as if/as though 引出的状语从句，有时要用虚拟语气。eg. He smiled, as if he were reading my thoughts. 他会心地笑了，仿佛猜透了我的想法。He smiled, as if he had read my thoughts. 他会心地笑了，仿佛早已猜透了我的想法。* 如果 as if/as

42、 though用在连系动词 look, seem, taste, smell 等后面表示某种可能性，从句常常采用陈述语气。eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. It sounds as if it is raining . as if/as though 后面还可接动词不定式或分词，实际上是从句的省略形式。eg. He opened his lips as if to say something. (=as if he were going to say something.) 5. If only （要是 .就好了）谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。eg

43、. If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. If only it would stop raining. If only the explosion had not happened ! 6. Its (high/about ) time + 主语+动词过去式eg. It s time (that) we got up. It s high time he was taught a lesson 真题举例：1. If only the pa

44、tient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (07, 54) A 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving

45、2. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you! (06, 52) B A. would B. could C. should D. might 3. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.(06,54) A A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop 4. That was not t he first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.

46、(05, 60)B A. betrayed take B. had betrayed tookC. has betrayed took D. has betrayed take5. - What courses are you going to do next semester? - I don t know. But its about time _ on something. (02, 61) B A. I d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I m deciding6. If you have really been studying English

47、 for so long, its about time you _ able to write letters in English. (99, 49）B A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 7. Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (11, 61) A A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave 7. lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语用 (should+)动词原形。eg. Here s some money in case you

48、 need it. 比较： In case he comes , let me know. He is working hard for fear that he fall behind. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it go wrong on the way. 8. whetheror 有时谓语用 be 的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。 如：Whether my brother _ right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support. (01, 62) C A. is B. were C. be D. would be eg1.Everything around us, be it air, water or stone, is matter. eg2.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -