2022年专四语法--虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、1 虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句 主将从现egs.If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件

2、句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用 shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) + 动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句一般过去时should( would) +动词原形If they were he

3、re, they would help you. b.表示与过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句主句had done,should(would) have + done If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yest

4、erday, I should / would have told him about it.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 If you should succeed, ever

5、ything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 典型考题（08）

6、51. Had July been more careful on the maths exam, she much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get （07）54. If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive

7、 D. were receiving （07）55. Linda was the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been starting 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把were, should或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they could h

8、elp us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用 was， 即在从句中 be用 were代替。If I were

9、you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - -

10、 - - - 3 答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将 if 省略，主语提前 , 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Werent I to do. 特殊的虚拟语气词： should1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。句型：(1)suggested It is(2)

11、importantthat + (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange, a pity, a shame,no wonder (3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to o

12、ur meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如 suggest, insist不表示 建议 或坚持要某人做某事时 ，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明 、坚持认

13、为 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错 : （错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对)I insisted that you were wrong. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

14、- - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 经典练习1：If the whole operation_ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A )was not planned B)has not been planned C)had not been planned D)were not planned 2、Jean doesn t want to work right away because she thinks

15、that if she _a job she probably wouldn t be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C)had got D)could have got 3、If I hadn t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you_ now. A) couldn t have smiled B) wouldn t be smiling C) didn t smile D) won t smile 4、_for the

16、timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. A) Had it not been B) Were it not C) Be it not D) Should it not be 5、If he knew this, it_ be by accident. A) would have to B) didn t to C) won t have to D) would have had to 6、_right now, she would get there on

17、 Sunday. A)Would she leave B)If she leaves C)Were she to leave D)If she had left 7、_for my illness,I would have lent him a helping hand. A)Not being B)Had it not been C)Without being D)Not having been 8、We didn t know his telephone number, otherwise we _him. A)would have telephoned B)must have telep

18、honed C)would telephone D)had telephoned 9、A safety analysis_ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. A)would identify B)will identify C)would have identified D)will have identified 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页

19、- - - - - - - - - 5 解析：1、答案 C。由主句的谓语动词would have been lost 可以判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，if 引导的从句须用过去完成时，故 C 项为正确答案。本句题意是：如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱。2、答案 B。because引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，if 条件从句谓语动词的时态应与 wouldnt be able to 对应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应用 should 或 were to +动词原形，因此B 项正确。本题句意是：吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为好考虑到一旦上

20、班， 她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们。解析 3、选 B。从主句的时间状语now 以及从句的谓语可知，本题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在情况相反，故B项为正确答案。4、选 A。根据本题句意逻辑，条件从句的行为发生在主句之前，须用过去时的虚拟语气形式，故A 项为正确答案。同时，它是由把if 省略，助动词提前而形成倒装。 B、C、D 三项均不合题意。本题句意是：要不是能及时从社会获得投资，我们公司也不会像现在这样繁荣了。5、选 D。由从句的谓语可知，本题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示与过去事实相反的设想。故D 项为正确答案。本句题

21、意：假如他已知此事，那一定是偶然的。6、答案选C。从句子结构可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。主句的谓语是“should+动词原形”。同时，从句省略了连词if, 可以将 were 提前，构成倒装。只以C 符合语法规则。本题意思：如果她马上动身的话，她可能在星期天到达那里。7、选 B。从句子结构可知，空缺处应填入表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，并且将连词 if 省略。此时应把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前。符合语法规则的只有B 项。8、选 A。本题中 otherwise 引出的是一种与事实相反的假设条件，后面的句子应用虚拟语气。前一分句暗示了一个过去的时间，所以用不着would have do

22、ne 的形式，相当于If we had 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him. 9、选 C。根据 unfortunately 后面直接陈述一个过去的事实，可以推断出第一个句子里含有一种“应该做某事而没有做的”虚拟条件。C 项用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，正合题意。 B、D 不是虚拟语气。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -