专升本必备词汇(27页).doc

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1、-专升本考试公共英语核心词汇一1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disabilityable的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。比较：be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.2. 动词词缀：en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-enenable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/lengthen3. abandon vt. 放弃，抛弃，放纵abandon onese

2、lf to 纵情于，沉溺于 (=be addicted to)4. aboard adv. 在船（车）上，上船abroad adv. 在国外，到国外board n. 木板 on board 在船上broad adj. 宽的，宽阔的5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的 （反：present）6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引be absorbed in 全神贯注于8. abundant adj. 丰富的，大量的 （=plentiful）9. access n. 通路, 接近，入门have access to 接近，有权使用e.g.

3、 Citizens may have free access to the public library.10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故by accident 偶然（=by chance） （on purpose 故意）11. accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现 the taskaccomplishment n. 成就13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明，解释on account of 由于take. into account 考虑到(= take into consideration)account

4、 for 解释，说明14. accuse vt. 指责，控告accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人(同：charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人）e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail.His mother charged him with being lazy.15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到achievement n. 成就, 功绩16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 （同：t

5、ake measures to do sth.）17. actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员类似：waitress（女侍者，女服务生）, hostess（女主人）, princess（公主，王妃）18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编adapt oneself to sth. 适应 (= adjust oneself to sth.) e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.比较：adopt vt. 采用, 收养19. advance n. 前进, 提升 v.

6、前进, 提前in advance 预先，提前20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件 （反：disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点）have an advantage over 胜过，占优势take advantage of 利用21. advertise v. 为做广告advertisement/ad n. 广告22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告advise sb. to do sth. 劝说（强调动作）persuade sb. to do sth. 说服（强调结果）注意：advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句，需使用shoul

7、d型虚拟语气。advice n. 忠告, 建议23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起 sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.) to do sth.24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成agree with sb.agree on sth. （经过讨论后）就达成一致agree to sth. （plan, proposal, etc.）agreement n. 同意, 一致 in with 与一致disagree vi. 不一致，有分歧25. aim at 以为目标，旨在26. allow vt. 允许 sb. to do sth. (=permit sb.

8、 to do sth.)27. alternative n. 可供选择的办法, 抉择have no but to do 别无选择，只得 （= have no choice but to do）比较：have nothing to do but do28. amaze/astonish/surprise/shock vt. 使吃惊ed ing29. ambition n. 野心, 雄心ambitious adj. 有雄心的, 野心勃勃的30. amuse vt. 娱乐，消遣 ment n. sb. with sth. 用某物逗/取悦某人 oneself by doing sth. 做某事来消遣3

9、1. analyze vt. 分析, 分解 analysis analyst32. ancient adj. 远古的，古代的 times33. anniversary n. 周年纪念 twentieth annual adj. 每年的，年度的34. anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的be about/for sth. 对感到忧虑be to do sth. 渴望做某事(=be eager to do =long to do)anxiety n. 35. apology n. 道歉 make an to sb. for sth.apologize v. 道歉 to sb. for sth.3

10、6. appeal v. 呼吁，恳求 to sb. to do sth.37. apply vt. 申请, 应用 (to sb.) for sth. 申请 sth. to (someplace) 应用application applicant38. appoint vt. 约定, 任命appointment n. 约会，约定(因工作需要)比较：date （男女约会）39. appreciate vt. 赏识, 鉴赏, 感激40. approach vt. 接近 n. 接近，方法, 步骤41. appropriate adj. 适当的，恰当的42. approve vt. 赞成，批准 of 赞同

11、，赞成ment dis43. arise vi. 出现, 发生rise vi. 升起, 上升arouse vt. 唤醒, 唤起 ones curiosity, consciousnessraise vt. 抬起，举起44. arrest vt./ n. 逮捕, 拘留under 被拘捕45. artificial adj. 人造的, 假的 （反：natural, genuine）46. assign vt. 分配, 指派 sb. to do sth. 分派某人做某事 sth. to sb. 分派某事给某人47. associate vt. 使发生联系, 使联合 . with. e.g. She

12、always associated happiness with having money.48. assure vt. 向保证 sb. that. e.g. He assured us that the train would be on time.使确信 sb. of sth. e.g. He assured her of his love.ensure vt. 确保, 确保 sb. sth. 确保某人获得某物e.g. These pills will you a good nights sleep.insure vt. 给.保险 sb. insurance n.确保 sth. e.g.

13、His talent and dedication will his success.49. attach vt. 系，贴, 附加. to. 把贴上，放到上 importance/significance to 强调，看重 (介词不用on)50. attack vt./n. 进攻, 攻击 under 51. attempt vt./n. 尝试, 企图 to do 企图，努力in an to do 试图，力图 36. attention n. 注意, 关心 pay to sth.53. attract vt. 吸引 attractive adj. attraction n. distract (

14、反，v.)54. authority n. 权威, 威信, 权威人士 (pl.) the authorities 当局，官方author n. 作者，作家authoritative adj. 权威的, 有权威的authorize v. 批准，授权 sb. to do sth.55. automatic adj. 自动的, 无意识的, 机械的automobile n. 汽车 (=motor car)56. available adj. 能得到的, 可利用的57. average n. 平均 on 平均58. avoid vt. 避免, 消除avoidable adj. 可避免的 unavoida

15、ble/inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然的59. await vt. 等候 (=wait for)60. award n. 奖品 vt. 授予 be awarded sth.reward vt./n. 报答, 奖赏 sb. for sth. 因而报答某人 sb. with sth. 用酬劳某人in for 作为对回报61. aware/conscious adj. 知道的, 明白的, 意识到的be of 意识到62. awkward adj. 笨拙的，尴尬的63. bachelor n. 单身汉, 文理学士 a s degree 学士学位 (master, doctor)64

16、. backward adv./adj.向后地(的)ward 向的 forward, upward, downward65. balance n. 天平, 平衡keep ones lose 66. bare adj. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的(身体局部) feet, arm, headnaked adj. 裸体的, 无遮盖的(全身)67. base n. 基础, 根据地, 基地 （具体的事物）vt. 以.作基础 be based on 建立在基础上basis n. 基础, 基本, 根据 on the of (theory, experiment) (抽象的事物)basic adj. 基本的68. b

17、ear n.熊 v.负担, 忍受 sth. in mind 记住69. beat v. 打, 打败70. behalf n. 利益，支持 on behalf of 代表71. behave vi. 举动, 举止 oneself 举止得体behavior n. 举止, 行为72. believe v.相信 believe in 信任，信仰belief n. 信任, 信仰73. belong to 属于 （无被动态） e.g. The house belongs to him. 37. benefit n. 利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于to ones 对有利 from 从受益75. bit

18、ter adj. 痛苦的，严酷的，难受的76. blame vt. 责备, 谴责(sb.) be to blame 该受责备 sb. for sth. 将归咎于某人77. bold adj. 大胆的，勇敢的，莽撞的78. bore v. 使烦扰 boring（物） bored（人）79. bound adj. 有义务的，注定的 be to do 一定要，注定要adj. 开往.去的 be for spl.80. boundary n. 边界, 分界线 (表明一区域外缘的明显的，具有限制作用的线)border n. 边界, 国界（两国之间的边界线，有分割政治实体的作用）81. brief adj.

19、 简短的, 短暂的 in 简而言之 （=in one word, to conclude, to be simple）82. business n. 商业, 交易, 事务on 因公事，出差Its none of your . 与你无关83. calm adj.平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的 v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息84. campaign n. 战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动（强调有目的的大规模军事行动）battle 一场战役中的一次战斗struggle 侧重政治和精神斗争conflict 指武力或思想上的冲突champion n. 冠军 champagne n. 香槟酒8

20、5. campus n. 校园 on schoolyard n. 校园, 运动场 in the 86. cancel vt. 取消, 删去87. candidate n. 候选人88. capture vt. 俘获, 捕获89. career n. 事业, 生涯，指终生从事的事业。job 暗示可获得报酬的工作。work 覆盖范围最广，不可数名词。profession 强调受过高等教育才能担任的职务。90. case n. 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合in of 万一，在情况下in no case 决不（=under no circumstances, by no means，置于句首，采用倒装

21、句式）91. cash n. 现金 to pay in cash 用现金支付92. casual adj. 偶然的, 随便的, 临时的93. celebrate v. 庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬 celebration n.94. ceremony n. 典礼, 仪式95. certificate n. 证书, 证明书 birth 出生证明 marriage 结婚证 96. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向.挑战challenging adj. 富有挑战性的97. charge v. 掌管, 控诉, 收费free of 免费in charge of 负责，掌管in the charge o

22、f 由负责，掌管charge sb. with sth. 控告 （=accuse sb. of sth.）98. cheat v. 欺骗, 骗取cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人某物99. check in 登记入住 check out 付账后离开100. chief adj. 主要的, 首要的, 首席的101. choice n. 选择, 抉择have no but to do sth. 别无选择，只能做某事 （=have no alternative but to do）choose v. 选择, 选定10

23、2. classify vt. 分类, 分等 classification n.103. clarify v. 澄清, 阐明 clear adj.104. client n. 客户, 委托人105. climate n. 气候(某地区固有的天气状况)weather n. 天气（某地区短时间内的天气变化）106. coach n. 长途汽车, 教练 v. 训练, 指导107. colleague n. 同事, 同僚比较：college n. (综合大学中的)学院108. combine v. (使)联合, (使)结合 combination n. A with B A and B109. com

24、fort n./ vt. 安慰discomfort n. 不舒适comfortable adj. 舒服的uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的110. command n. 命令, 掌握under ones 在的控制/掌握之下111. comment n./vi. 评论 on sth. 对作评论112. commit vt. 犯(错误), 干(坏事)，承诺 suicide, murder, mistake, errorbe committed to do sth. 承诺做某事113. committee n. 委员会 （为集合名词，看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数

25、。又如：class, police, group等。）114. common adj. 共同的, 公共的have much/little/nothing in 有很多（很少/没有）共同之处 sense 常识 115. communicate v. 沟通, 通信,传达 communication n. with sb. 和某人交流116. compare v. 比较, 相比 (包括similarity和difference) A with B 将A与B进行比较 A to B 将A与B进行比较；将A比作B（侧重此义）e.g. Poets often compare death to sleep.c

26、ontrast vt. 使与.对比, 使与.对照 （侧重difference）117. compensate v. 偿还, 补偿118. compete vi. 比赛, 竞争 with/against sb. for petition n. 竞争, 竞赛competitive adj. 竞争的competitor n. 竞争者competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的119. complain v. 抱怨, 悲叹，埋怨complaint n. 抱怨，投诉 letter of 投诉信explain v. 解释 explanation n.120. complex adj. 复杂的, 综合的

27、 （一般结构上复杂）complicated adj. 复杂的, 难解的 （不仅结构上复杂，而且在理解上也很难）121. compose v. 组成, 写作be ed of 由构成 （=be made up of =consist of）component n. 成分，元件，组件composition n. 构成，作文122. compromise n./v. 妥协, 折衷123. concentrate v. 集中, 浓缩 on 集中精力于124. concept n. 观念, 概念125. concern vt./n. 涉及, (利害)关系, 关心as far as sb./sth. be

28、concerned 就而言be ed about 关心be ed with 牵涉到126. conclude v. 结束, 终止, 作出结论 to 总而言之conclusion n. 结论 draw/come to a 得出结论127. confess v. 承认, 坦白, 忏悔 to (doing) sth. 承认/供认做了（坏事）128. confidence n. 信心 have in 对有信心confident adj. 自信的, 确信的 be of 对有信心类比：take pride in/be proud of 为感到骄傲129. confront vt. 使面临, 对抗be ed

29、 with 面对，面临 （=face up to）130. confuse vt.使迷惑, 使糊涂 confusion n.ed, ing 131. congratulate vt. 祝贺, 庆贺 sb. on sth.132. considerable adj. 相当大(或多)的, 相当可观的considerate adj. 考虑周到的, 体谅的133. construct vt. 建造, 构造construction n.destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭destroy v.134. consult v. 咨询，请教，查阅 reference books, dictionary,

30、authority with sb. 与商量135. consume vt. 消耗, 消费consumer n. 消费者consumption n. 消费, 消费量136. content n. 内容,目录(pl.)adj. 满足的, 满意的137. contrary adj. 相反的, 逆的on the 恰恰相反138. contact vt./n. 接触, 联系contract n. 合同, 契约contrast vi./n. 对比, 对照139. contribute v. 贡献,捐助,投稿 contribution n. to sth. 导致 （=lead to）140. contro

31、l n./vt. 控制, 支配out of 失去控制under 处于控制之下141. convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的inconvenient adj.convenience n.142. convince v. 使确信，使信服 sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事143. cooperate vi. 合作, 协作 with sb. 与合作cooperation n. 合作, 协作corporation n. 公司, 企业144. cope vi. 应付, 处理 with应付, 处理 (=deal with, do with) 专升本考试公共英语核心词汇二assemble意

32、义:vi.集合，聚集；vt.集合，聚集，召集；装配构 词:as(到)+semble(一起)变 形:assembly n.集合，装配，集合，集结，汇编;形似词:resemble 像，类似搭 配:assemble the jury 召集陪审团assemble evidence/material 收集证据/材料assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件assembling shop 装配车间assemble a machine 组装一台机器assemble in the school garden 在校内集合辨析:gather (常用词)指“收集”、“聚集”、“集合在一

33、起” collect 指“有计划、有选择地收集” assemble 指“为某一特定目的而收集” muster 特指“召集部队”或“为检阅、检查而召集”真 题:1.If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _in the courtyard. A)assemble B)converge C)crowd D)accumulate 2.Everybody _in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A)assembled B)accumulated C)

34、piled D)joined 答案：1.A 2.Aadopt 意 义:vt.采纳，采用；采取（态度等；收养变 形:adoptable a.可采用的adoption n.采用，收养adoptive a.采用的，收养的adoptee n.被收养者adopter n.养父母搭 配:adopt a strong attitude 采取强硬态度adopt an idea 采纳意见adopt measures 采取措施adopt new methods 采用新方法adopt a child 收养孩子adopt the report 正式通过这篇报告adopt a resolution unanimousl

35、y 一致通过一项决议辨 析:adopt 两词都有“采纳、“采取”的意思。adopt 指采纳别人的意见、技术等。embrance embrance表示自愿地或急切地采纳或接受。真 题:The old couple decided to _a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.A）adapt B）bring C）receive D）adopt答案：Dimpress意 义:vt.给.深刻的印象；铭记；印，压印构 词:im(里面)+press(压) 变 形:impression n.印象，感想；印记，压痕 impres

36、sive a.给人印象深刻的，感人的搭 配:impression of(about) 对.的印象impression on 给留下的印象；make an impression on 给某人留下印象impress sb. with . 以（因）.给某人留下印象impress.on sth. 给某物盖上.(印)be impressed by(with) 对.留下印象，惊叹真 题:What _me most during my visit in your country was the friendship your people have for our people.A)depressed B)

37、expressed C)oppressed D)impressed答案：Dregard意 义:vt.把 看作，对待，认为 （as）；尊重，尊敬 n.致意，问候；方面；尊重，尊敬变 形:regardless 无论如何，不计后果的regarding 关于搭 配:without regard to 不考虑regard.as 把.认为regardless of 不惜，不顾in/with regard to 关于，就.而论give ones regards 代某人向.问好 in the regard 在这点上，关于此事as regards 关于，至于辨 析:regard 强调从外表形象得到的认识 con

38、sider 强调经过仔细考虑而认为真 题:1.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, _the color of his skin.A)with the exception of B)in the light ofC)by virtue of D)regardless of2.The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable his financial situationA)wit

39、h the respect to B)in accord withC)regardless of D)in terms of C3.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute_.A)being settled B)to be settledC)had settled D)as settled D4.In that country, guest tend to feel they are not highly_if the invitation to a dinner party is extend

40、ed only three or four days before the party date.A）admired B）regarded C）expected D）worshipped答案:1.D 2.C 3.D 4.Brise意 义：vi.升起，上升；起立，起床；上涨，增高，增加；反抗，起义 n.上涨，增高，增加；兴起，（地位的）升高；岗，坡，高地搭 配：give rise to 引起，导致，为的原因 rise above 克服，不受的影响 rise to 起而应付，证明能够应付辨 析：arise 没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物 rise 使用范围广，既用于具体

41、事物的“上升、增长”，又用于抽象事物的“上涨、发生” raise 与以上两词不同的是，此词是及物动词，表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物（工资、地位等）真 题:1.Last year the advertising rate_by 20 percent.A)raised B)aroused C)arose D)rose2.Your improper words will give_to doubts concerning your true intentions.A)rise B)reason C)suspicion D)impulse3.Our hopes _and fell in s

42、ame instant.A)arose B) raised C)rose D)aroused答案：1.D 2.A 3.Cresult意 义：n.结果，效果vi.导致，结果是（in）；起因于，因 造成（from）搭 配：as a result 因此，结果in the result 作为结果，到后来with the result that 结果是，因此without result 毫无结果的as a result of 作为.的结果，由于result in 导致result from 因.而造成辨 析:result result可指一系列effects的最后结果或事故等的后果effect effe

43、ct更常用于指某种原因的必然或直接结果真 题:1.A love marriage ,however,does not necessarily much sharing of interests and responsibilities.A)take over B)result in C)hold on D)keep to2.A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should new operating proceduresA)result in B)match with C)subject to D)proceed with答案:1.B 2.Aview意 义:n.看法，见解，观点 ；观察，视域，眼界；景色，风景 vt.看待，考虑，估量；观察搭 配:in view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到view to 以为目的，着眼于，关于with the view(或a) view of 以为目的view.as. 把.看作on view 展示中，陈列着的with a view to (doing)sth 为了（做）某事in ones view/in the view of sb. 依某人看opposite/dif