高二英语动词ing用法归类总结.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流高二英语动词ing用法归类总结【精品文档】第 24 页-ing分词的用法一、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式 完成式主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的

2、地址，我只好在家里等着。His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。1.-ing分词的一般式 doing 1) . 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Eg：Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。Eg：Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。2).-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；Eg：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作

3、为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Eg：They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。2.-ing分词完成式 having done：完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。Eg：Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。Eg：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Eg：Havi

4、ng lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.3. -ing分词的被动式 being done ：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作.Eg：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。Eg：Havi

5、ng been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。Eg：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。5动词-ing形式的否定形式。动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前。Eg：Excusemeformynotcomingontime.Eg：Imsorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.例1._

6、tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.A. HimnotgettingB.NothisgettingC.HisnotgettingD.Notgetting6.动词-ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词，动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：形容词性物主代词+动名词名词s+动名词代词宾格+动名词名词+动名词【注意】动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用两种形式。Eg：Tomswinningthefirstpri

7、zelastyearimpressedmealot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Eg：Doyoumindmy/me/Jacks/Jackleavingnow.翻译练习：His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。翻译练习：He was awakened by someones knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。二 -ing分词的语法作用 动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。1)ing分词（短语）作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往

8、往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数：Eg：Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识Eg：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。翻译练习：LearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。A. Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡，通常用it 作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。Eg：It is no use crying over

9、spilt milk. 覆水难收Eg：Its a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。翻译练习：Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.B.当句型“Thereisno doing”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。Eg：Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。 Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth干.没意义。Eg：Theres no point （in） waiting. 等待是毫无意义的。Thereisnosense(in)doings

10、th.干没道理/意义例.1.Inmymind,_thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworlds-classwriter.A.attendingB.toattendC.attendD.havingattended2. Mygrandfatherisamillionaire,but_moneydoesnotsolveallhisproblem.A.hasB.tohaveC.havingD.havinghad2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：Eg：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。Eg：The

11、problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。3) -ing分词作宾语：ing分词可作动词宾语，作动词的宾语。mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consi

12、der（考虑）等。 Eg：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。Eg：We enjoy attending Miss Lis class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。例1：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost答案B.后risk 后接动名词，he与 lose是主谓关系。2：Billsuggested_a

13、meetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpo duringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold3.ToimproveyourspokenEnglish,youshouldpractice_iteveryday.A.speakB.tobespokenC.speakingD.tospeak-ing分词作宾补，也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：Eg：I dont think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Eg

14、：Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？-ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：Eg：Im against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。Eg：They dont feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。翻译练习：Dont be afraid of speaking English.不要害怕说英语。此类短语还有很多。如：canthelp（忍不住）be proud of（以自豪）, be responsible for（对负责）, in

15、sist on（坚持）, keep on (继续）think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, hear of（听说）, preventfrom（防止，阻止）, keepfrom（防止，阻止）, stopfrom（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thankfor（因而道谢）, excusefor（因而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, set about（着手做）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做）, be int

16、erested in（对感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对感到羞愧）,putoff（推迟）,giveup（放弃）,beworth（值得做）,be busy （in） doing sth 忙于做某事 ,等等。注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：Eg：I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。Eg：What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？翻译练习: Farmers were busy （in） getting in

17、 the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼。 翻译练习: Ihaveneverdreamedofvisitingthatplace.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方翻译练习: He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。例1.Thegirlsaidthatshehadneverdreamof_avolunteer.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.is2.Ihadgreatdifficulty_thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofin

18、dD.finding3.Seeingthefunnyscene,Icanthelp_.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed另外，-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：Eg：He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Eg：Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了

19、做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。Eg：On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 一听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。4) -ing分词作定语：单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面，ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如：reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练reading room 阅览室 swimming pool

20、游泳池 dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市Eg：Who is the student standing by the door? 站在门边的同学

21、是谁？Eg：They lived in a house facing south.=They livedinahouse whichfacessouth. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。翻译练习：坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。The girl sitting beside me is my sister.翻译练习：有人在敲门There is someone knocking at the door.ing分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:Eg：When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out

22、overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。5) -ing分词做状语： 动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间:-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。Eg：Turningaround,shesawacardrivingup.=Whensheturnedaround,shesawacardrivingup.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。Eg：While reading the book, he

23、 nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。翻译练习:看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。 Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 翻译练习: 听到这消息时我们高兴地跳了起来。Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.表示原因:-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Eg：Beingtired,hecouldnotwalkanyfurther.=Ashewas tired,hecouldnotwalkanyfurther.因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。Eg

24、：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Eg：Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。翻译练习：因为不知道路，他无法到那里去。Not knowing the way, he couldt go there.翻译练习：因为激动他睡不着。Being excited , she couldnt go to sleep.表示结果:ing分词短语作结果状语。表示一种必然的

25、结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.=Thefirelastednearlyamonth,andleftnothingvaluable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。Eg：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。Eg：She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把

26、它摔成了碎片。表示伴随.-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Eg：Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.=Istoodbythedoor,anddidnotdaretosayaword.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。Eg：They stood there for half an hour，watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。翻译练习：年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。Following the old man, the young peop

27、le started walking slowly.翻译练习：他们在那儿站了一个小时观看比赛。They stood there for an hour watching the game. 表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。Beingmorecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.=Ifyouaremorecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.更细心点，你就会少犯错误。Turning to the left, you ll see the tower.向左转，你就会看到那座塔。翻译练习：如果努力，你就会成功。Work

28、ing hard, you will succeed.“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Eg：His hair became gray with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Eg：Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。例1.The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have causedC

29、. to caused D. having caused例2.-“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran例3.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having例4._ from other continents for millions of years,

30、Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated例5.Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun.A. had B. have C. to have D. having例6.Oil prices have risen by

31、 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching例7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have例8._ more about uni

32、versity course, call (920)7463789.A. To find out B. Finding outC. Find out D. Having found out简析：1.D.结果状语，时间有明显先后之分；2.B.伴随状语；3.D.条件状语，有明显时间先后之分；4.C.原因状语，时间有明显先后之分；5.D.伴随状语；6.B.结果状语。7.C.作目的状语；8.A.作目的状语；6) -ing分词作补语：-ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave

33、, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：Eg：I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。Eg：Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。翻译练习：I saw him going upstairs.我看见他正在上楼。翻译练习：We watched her

34、crossing the street. 我们看着她穿过大街。三. ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：1）、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：Eg：Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。Eg：Its not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。2）、 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如：Rememberdoingsth记得做了某

35、事Remembertodosth记住要去做某事Forgetdoingsth忘记做了某事Forgettodosth忘记要去做某事Regretdoingsth后悔做了某事Regrettodosth遗憾要去做某事Meantodosth打算做某事Meandoingsth意味着做某事Stoptodosth停下来去做某事Stopdoingsth停止做某事Trytodosth努力/企图做某事Trydoingsth试着做某事Eg：Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？Eg：Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开

36、时要记得锁门。Eg：I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。Eg：Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？Eg：I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。翻译练习：Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。翻译练习：After a short rest, they went on wor

37、king. 短暂地休息以后，他们又继续工作。翻译练习：Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这班车就意味着再等一个小时。例 1. Nevermind.Pleasetry_theprobleminanotherway.A.solveB.tosolveC.beingsolvedD.solving例2. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to

38、 leaveC. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave答案C.记得来过晚会，用arriving,但是后的动作仍然记得，用leaving.3）、动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如： Eg：We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。Eg：Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。例1.-CanIsmokehere?-Sorry.Wedontallow_here.A

39、. peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking4）、动词need, require, want作“需要”解时以及deserve作“值得”解时，后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedoneEg：Thelakeneedsrepairing/toberepairedEg：These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.

40、这些小孩需要细心地照料。翻译练习：Your shoes need cleaning/ to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。翻译练习：The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。例 :Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdofthebuildingsinthearea_.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair5）、动词like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某

41、次动作，多用不定式。如： Eg：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。Eg：I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。Eg：I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。6）、-ing分词作表语的两种不同含义： -ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。Eg：Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。Eg：The real question is getting

42、to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：Eg：This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。7）、不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别： 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用-ing分词时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束

43、了。如：Eg：Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲门你听见了吗？Eg：Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你听见有人敲门了吗？8）、高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）admit to（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, give

44、 way to（让位于），keep to （坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）, take to（从事）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to （注意、处理）, be used to （习惯于）, devote oneself to （献身于）, be equal to （胜任的、等于）, be familiar to （为熟悉）be/get used to（习惯于） object to（反对，抗议）payattentionto（注意） .9）、高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语，如：generally speaking（一般来说）, judging fro