信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案(24页).doc

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1、-Unit 1【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1In human terms and in the broadest sense, information is anything that you are capable of perceiving. 2It includes written communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, music, and nearly anything that is perceptible.3If we consider information in the sense of a

2、ll stimuli as information, then we cant really find organization in all cases. 4No. 5Traditionally, in libraries, information was contained in books, periodicals, newspapers, and other types of recorded media. People access it through a librarys catalog and with the assistance of indexes, in the cas

3、e of periodical and newspaper articles.6Computerized “information systems”.7The problem for most researchers is that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need. 8For library materials, the organizing principle is a detailed subje

4、ct classification system available for searching in an online “catalog”. 9The one thing common to all of these access systems is organization. 10No, it isnt. 【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。n取回，恢复，修补；检索retrievaln机械装置，机构，机制mechanismadj特有的，表示特性的，典型的characteristicn分类，分级classificationn风格，方式，样式，

5、习惯mannern文件，公文documentvt解释，说明Interpretvt使自动化，自动操作automaten分类assortmentn法则，原则，原理principlen排列，安排arrangementn&vt访问，存取accessn浏览器；浏览书本的人browsern目录catalogn索引indexn材料，原料，物资，素材materialn媒体；介质median安排，配置，计划scheme【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。1有人认为领导只出现在组织的顶层，而管理在组织的下层。2项目经理负责开发某一项目。3职责经理负责一个主要的职责。4同样地，产品线经理负责相关的一组产品。5词语“主

6、管”通常指一个人工作时的顶头上司，即在组织中你直接向其汇报工作的人。6达到计划过程中设定目标的关键是建立组织的结构。7组织的目的就在于充分使用组织的资源来实现组织的目标。8正式组织可以用图的形式表示。9非正式的组织是一个雇员之间互相社交的网络，它与该公司的正式职权结构无关。10主管必须意识到非正式组织影响正式组织。【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1lossless 2compression 3crossroads 4statistics 5engineering 6crucial 7mobile 8Internet 9theory 10measures 【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息

7、回答问题。1Information design has only gathered recognition within the last 25 years. 2It means“The field of information design applies traditional and evolving design principles to the process of translating complex, unorganized, or unstructured data into valuable, meaningful information. The practice o

8、f information design requires an interdisciplinary approach which combines skills in graphic design, writing and editing, instructional design, human performance technology, and human factors.”3With the electronic delivery of information and the Internet, information is becoming more complex. In the

9、 past, information was designed for a single output. Today, through the use of these technologies, information is being designed for display in multiple outputs.4Today, the practice of information design requires multiple skills such as graphic design, human factors design, writing and programming.5

10、The next generation of information designers will learn, practice and perfect several of the skills currently performed by multiple people.6Information designers will become“workplace chameleons”switching from one skill to another depending upon the project requirements and timings.7If youre an exis

11、ting information designer, you should be thinking about this evolution from both a financial and job security perspective. If youre an employer, you should be looking at it from a productivity and financial perspective. 8We believe that adding new skills to your inventory will enable you to command

12、a higher salary. 9They are traditional print medias and new electronic medias. 10For those individuals who are flexible and savvy enough to add multiple skills to their inventory, the next decade promises to be at least as rewarding as the last.Unit 2【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1An information economy is wh

13、ere the productivity and competitiveness of units or agents in the economy (be they firms, regions or nations) depend mainly on their capacity to generate, process, and apply efficiently knowledge-based information. 2It is also described as an economy where information is both the currency and the p

14、roduct.3We have always relied on information exchange to do our jobs and run our lives. 4It is the pervasive use of information and communications technology.5First, the information economy is global. Second, the information economy is highly productive. The third characteristic of the information e

15、conomy is the change in the manner of obtaining profits. 6Stephen Cohen observes that the mobility of labor is undermined by peoples xenophobia and stricter immigration laws. Multinational corporations still maintain their assets and strategic command centers in their home nations, and capital is st

16、ill limited by banking and finance laws.7Castells concludes that economic statistics do not adequately capture the movements of the new information economy, precisely because of the broad scope of transformation under the impact of information technology and related organizational change. 8Robert Re

17、ich observes that profits in the old economy came from economies of scalelong runs of more or less identical products.9Those in the lead cannot stop innovating lest they fall behind the competition. 10To maintain leadership in the new economy, the social position of knowledge professionals and the s

18、ocial acceptance of their values should be guaranteed. 【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。vt强调，着重emphasize n全球化，全球性globalizationn公司，（合伙）商号firm adj灵活的，柔软的，能变形的，可通融的flexible adj固有的，内在的，与生俱来的inherent n投资，可获利的东西investment n限制，局限性limitation n装配，集结，汇编assembly n商标，牌子brand n扩散，传播diffusion n资产asset n流通

19、；货币currency n竞争者competitor adj多国的，跨国的，多民族的multinationalvt改组，重新组织reorganize n生产力productivity vt利用utilize n利润，益处，得益profit adv可交替地，可互换地interchangeablyn收益性，利益率profitability 【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。1扁平组织强调分散管理，鼓励员工积极参与决策。2管理人员和员工在一个互有信心、互相信任的友好环境中互动。3机械组织最适合重复的运行和稳定的环境。4商业计划有多种形式。5计划过程本身远比计划文档更重要。6每一个任务都应该包括一个执

20、行方案。7一个执行方案可以帮助主管组织、协调他的团队行动，并使项目按计划进行。8执行方案详细阐述完成该任务所需要的步骤和工作。9项目管理软件程序可以帮助主管制定执行方案。10最基本的项目管理软件程序帮助用户把自己的想法整理成一个简单的进度表。【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1term 2 3sources 4regarding 5when 6fact 7focused 8economy 9indicators 10agreement【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息填空。1Software; geographic data; geographically referenced infor

21、mation2a serious discipline; businesses and governments3a geographic information system (GIS)4a map5the database View; the map View; the model view6find places that have the features youre looking for; see where to take action 7simply mapping the locations of features 8measure the number of features

22、 using a uniform areal unit, the distribution9a Vulnerability-Exposure-Sensitivity-Resilience model, exposed to flood risk10mapping changeUnit 3【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1Information technology is the use of technology to enhance the speed and the efficiency of the transfer of information. 2At first, comp

23、uters were big, costly, and available only to universities and big corporations. 3Before the 1990s, full time researchers having access to the high priced equipment drove most discoveries in information technology. 4A or PC is generally a microcomputer intended to be used by one person at a time, an

24、d suitable for general purpose tasks such as word processing, programming, editing or playing a personal , and is usually used to run purchased or other software not written by the user. 5International Business Machines Corporation () developed the first open standard personal computer. 6They are us

25、ed to store both information and allow discussion with chat and messages.7The was originally conceived as a distributed, fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be unaffected by failure at any point. DARPA mainly created it; its initial software applications were e-mail and comp

26、uter file transfer.8World Wide Web was invented in 1989.9In 1875, for example, the invention of the telephone breached distance through sound. Between 1910 and 1920, the first AM radio stations began to broadcast sound. By the 1940s television was broadcasting both sound and visuals to a vast public

27、. In 1943, the worlds first electronic computer was created.10The one characteristic of computer technology that sets it apart from earlier analogy technologies is that it is digital.【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。adj二进制的binaryv&n聊天chatn&v发展advancevt转变，变换convertn模拟analogyv开发developadj数字的，数

28、位的digitaln应用，应用程序，应用软件applicationn设备devicen电子邮件e-mailn文件filen装备，设备，器材，装置equipmentvt提高，增强enhancen消息，通信 message n因特网Internetn运转，操作operationvt记录recordn信号signaln任务，作业taskn发射，传送，传输，转播transmission【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。1数据库是有机组织起来的信息集合，以便容易存取、管理和更新。2在处理过程中，数据库可以根据其组织方式进行分类。3面向对象的编程数据库适合用对象类和子类数据来定义。4典型的计算机数据库包括

29、数据记录和文件的集合。5关系数据库是由IBM公司的E. F. Codd于1970年发明的。 6SQL语言是标准用户和应用程序与关系数据库的接口。7在处理过程中，数据被转换成更便于传输和处理的形式。8一般来说，在科学领域中，数据是指一系列所收集的事实。9当信息被输入和存储到计算机中时，它常常被称为数据。10当信息被整理或用来理解或完成某事时，它就是知识。【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1measure 2quantifies 3length 4absolute 5representation 6symbols 7entropy 8lower 9human 10random【Ex5.】根据

30、文章所提供的信息填空。1a series of points or nodes; communication paths 2the bus; star; ; mesh topologies3share a common communications line or wireless link4Ethernet;Token Ring;FDDI5it is cheaper to install and maintain6a network; larger; smaller7a geographically dispersed telecommunications ; a local area ne

31、twork (LAN); owned or rented; the inclusion of public (shared user) networks8“the Net”; a worldwide system of computer networks; get information from any other computer; talk directly to users at other computers 9the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government; 1969; the ARPANET1

32、0the World Wide Web;“WWW”;“the Web”; hypertextUnit 4【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1Information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. 2The popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway. 3The Internet is a network of networks that

33、 spans the globe. We call it a metanetwork. 4In the 1980s, the National Science Foundation, whose NSFNet linked several high speed computers, took charge of the what had come to be known as the Internet. 5It stands for National Research & Education Network. NRENs goal was to develop and maintain hig

34、h-speed networks for research and education, and to investigate commercial uses for the Internet. 6There is no clear answer to this question because the Internet involves many things. Basically, everyone who uses the Internet in some way pays for part of it. 7The unique thing about the Internet is t

35、hat it allows many different computers to connect and talk to each other. This is possible because of a set of standards, known as protocols, that govern the transmission of data over the network: TCP/IP .8It is a piece of software that displays documents for you and carries out your requests. 9The

36、Web server is a computer running another type of Web software which provides data, or“serves up”an information resource to your Web client. 10The advantage of the client/server model lies in distributing the work so that each tool can focus or specialize on particular tasks .【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相

37、应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。n资源resource vt检索，重新得到retrieve n协议protocol n&vt分享share vt保护protect vt&n请求，要求request n对话期session vt送，寄，发送send n过程，方法，程序，步骤process n客户client vi合作，协作cooperate n代理处，行销处，代理，中介agency n档案，公文archives n信道，频道，通道channel adj商业的，贸易的commercialvt下载download vt显示display adv有效地，有力地effectively 【Ex3.】把下

38、列句子翻译为中文。11992年美国总统大选中，副总统候选人戈尔许诺优先发展所谓的“信息高速公路”。2要从数据库中读取信息，需要数据库管理系统（DBMS）。3不管选定了哪一种建店方法，都必须接受顾客使用常用信用卡支付。4什么样的产品和服务最适合因特网？5但是，这并不意味着因特网营销没有自己的特点。6好也罢坏也罢，计算机已经渗透到我们生活的每一方面。7消息通过信道从源传输到接收者。8最底层的处理不可再分解。9就像系统必须要有输入和输出一样，处理也必须要有输入和输出。10传统的数据库是以域、记录和文件组织的。【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1method 2another 3uniquely

39、 4receive 5into 6contains 7destination 8gateway 9recognizes 10specified【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息判断正误。1 T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F 7T 8T 9F 10TUnit 5【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1Basically an IP address is a name for a computer. It is make up of four three-digit numbers divided by periods. 2No, they cant. Because an IP address

40、acts as identification number, no two computers on the Internet can have the same IP address. 3Every IP address is divided into ports, so that multiple programs to send and receive data at the same time can use one IP address. 4DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol. It assigns an IP address,

41、 subnet, and gateway to each computer on your local area network. 5Domain Name Service (DNS) server basically translates a URL into the IP address of the server hosting the URL. 6No, it isnt.7Usually this is your routers IP address. 8Network Address Translation. 9TCP/IP is the protocol your computer

42、 uses to communicate with other computers on the Internet, and within your network. 10When the router no longer sees data going out on the trigger ports, it turns off access to the incoming ports. 【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。vt假定，设想；采取，呈现assume vt重新启动reboot n域，领域，范围 domain vt避免，消除avoid

43、n端口port adj保留的reservedn行列，范围range n识别，鉴定；身份证明identificationadj动态的，动力的dynamic vi查验ping n掩码mask vt引发，引起，触发trigger vt划分，分开，隔开divide vt代表represent vt阻塞，封锁block n子网络subnet n界面，接口interface vt提交，递交submit vt引起，发明，发起originate 【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。1网络由两个或多个连接在一起的计算机组成，以便共享资源（如打印机和光盘驱动器）、交换文件或进行电子通信。2网络上的计算机可以用电缆、

44、电话线、无线电波、卫星或红外线光束连接。3局域网（LAN）是局限于一个较小范围的网络。4连接到服务器上的计算机被称为工作站。5在大部分的局域网中，人们用电缆来连接每个计算机的网卡。6网络提供了一个非常快的共享和传输文件的方法。7今天，它主要是通过网络或电子数据交换来完成。8企业能够通过因特网收集关于产品、购买者和竞争对手的信息，从而增强其竞争力。9OSI体系结构被划分为七层。10网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作。【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1classified 2based 3Ring 4signifies 5use 6independent 7placed 8hub 9operational 10necessarily【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息判断正误。1T 2F 3T 4T 5F 6F 7T 8F 9T 10FUnit 6【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。1The two core areas are operational technology and cryptography. 2The purpose of operational t