倒装句用法及例句(14页).doc

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1、-倒装句用法及例句1.涉及only的倒装及考题分析按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only afte

2、r her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语(from )。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们

3、放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。 【典型考题】(答案分别为DC)1. Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. she r

4、ealizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize2. Only after my friend came _. A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)：_ by keeping down cos

5、ts will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. StillD. Yet2.涉及副词so的两类常考倒装这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：1. 当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速

6、度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)1. So difficult _ it to work out the prob

7、lem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found2. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. so curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such

8、 curious3. Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it is D. So is it特别说明(from )：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如：You arent young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。请看考题(答案选D)：Mary never does any re

9、ading in the evening, _.A. so does JohnB. John does tooC. John doesnt too D. nor does John(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如：“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”请看考题(答案分别为CD)：1. Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. _, and so did I. A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she did

10、D. So did she2.Father, you promised! Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first. A. so was IB. so did IC. so I was D. so I did3.在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语谓语动词主语”的中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。On the wall hangs a world

11、of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。Such is the result. 结果就是这样。Such are the results. 这就是结果。4.here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了!

12、(注意这里不可用进行时) Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑了起来。当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。如：Heres a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西) Heres your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明) Theres (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼史密斯在那儿。(确定位置) 主语如是代词则。如：Here it comes. 它来了。 There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了。 Here yo

13、u are. 给你。There she is. 她在那儿。5.地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。In the distance could be seen the

14、 purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。主语如是代词则不能：At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。6.否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 / 很少 / 有过。Little does he r

15、ealize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 / 很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外，有

16、些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用。如：In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论

17、如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。7.按英语习惯，当never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, no, no sooner, by no means, under no circumstances等否定词置于句首时，其后要用。如：Never did I see him again. 后来我再也没见到过他了。Little did I dream that the girl was my niece. 我做梦也没想到那女孩是我的侄女。Seldom

18、 does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。 she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible dou

19、bts. 她刚同意嫁给他她就开始产生可怕的疑虑。Under no circumstances are children allowed in the bar. 在任何情况下也不能允许儿童进酒吧。8.not onlybut also前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用，但but also后的分句不用倒装。如：Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not o

20、nly is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管

21、乐器的历史。9.当“”位于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。其中，only后的状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等。 can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。 I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。注意，在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一点。 he returned

22、home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。10so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：内容是肯定时，用so，内容是否定时，用neither或nor；“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, doe

23、s, did；“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。You arent young and . 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。11在so. that结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：So cold was

24、the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，

25、我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。类似地，当suchthat结构的such置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。12有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成。如：By the door stood an armed guar

26、d. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in

27、the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。13.as作“虽然”解，引导时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。, he couldnt open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。

28、Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Hard as (though) they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。14.非谓语动词置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：Buried in the sands was an anci

29、ent village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。题型练习1. 当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)A. I coul

30、d imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine(2) Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was2. 当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为DD）(1) Little _ that

31、we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)A. he realizedB. he didnt realizeC. didnt he realizeD. did he realize(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German (天津卷)A. haveB. didC. hadD. do 3. 当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语

32、序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）(1) Seldom _ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receiveB. do we receiveC. we receivedD. did we receive(2) Seldom _ an article that was so full of lies.A. have I readB. I have readC. had I readD. I had read4. 当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）

33、Hardly _ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London. A. had they reachedB. they had reachedC. have the reachedD. they have reached5. 当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为AC）(1) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner _ than it happened. (天津卷)A. had she gon

34、eB. she had gone C. has she goneD. she has gone(2) No sooner _ mowing the lawn than it started raining.A. have I startedB. I have startedC. had I startedD. I had started6. 当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _such a beautiful plac

35、e. (辽宁卷)A. can you findB. you could findC. you can findD. could you find7. 当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (重庆卷)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is

36、the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied8. 当not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did th

37、ey bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring9. 当notuntil句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized10. 当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案

38、为DA）(1) Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize(2) _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)A. Only B. JustC. StillD. Yet11. 当sothat句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同

39、）。如：（答案为BB）(1) _ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(2) So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)A.

40、I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found12. So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为CA）(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. (江苏卷)A. So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does(2) Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. (福建卷)A. So was itB. So it

41、wasC. So it isD. So is it13. nor neither do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。如：（答案为B）If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (全国II)A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither willD. either he will【倒装专练】1. So _ that even the people in the next room could hear him.A. loudly he spoke B

42、. he spoke loudly C. loudly did he speak D. loudly spoke did he2. Only when one loses freedom _ its value.A. does one know B. one does know C. does know oneD. know one does3. He never went to see her again, _ to apologize. A. nor did he write B. nor he did write C. he did write D. nor he wrote4. _ t

43、o sleep than the telephone rang once again.A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he goC. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner5. No sooner _ down than the phone rang.A. had I satB. I had satC. have I satD. I have sat6. No sooner _ than he was asked to leave again. A. has he arrivedB. he has

44、 arrivedC. had he arrivedD. he had arrived7. Little _, but were flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A. does he knowB. he knowsC. knows himD. did he know8. Never in my wildest dreams _ to win first place last time. A. I expectedB. did I expectC. I have expectedD. have I expected9.

45、 Never before _ so many people here are still starving.A. had I knownB. I had knownC. have I knownD. I have known10. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared11. Only after my friend came _.(from )A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer