BEC高级写作讲义(21页).doc

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1、-BEC高级写作讲义-第 21 页Part One写作（概述与方式）问题共点概述：l Write a Short Reportl Write 120-140 Wordsl Describe the movements (Charts or graphs)l At least one chart (Line, Bar and Pie)解题总思路：(Accomplish In Four Steps)I. Reading .读题（归纳图表主要内容）II. Organizing .订框架（根据模板、例句完成文章主要部分）III. Conclusion .客观总结（仅归纳最显而易见的客观联系）IV. C

2、hecking .检查（拼写、语法及其他错误）文章基本框架：（Basic Structure）l Introduction .简要介绍题目，归纳图表主要内容l Findings .说明图表中数据走势，趋势和变化l Conclusion .图表、数字简最客观联系写作要点：l 直接了当进入主题l 抓住数据特点，突出变化趋势，进行对比l 建议写作中使用小标题，增强各段落写作方向，条理更加清晰分步解题：1 如何读题：l 学会节省时间,速读l 只挑不同的内容读l 归纳图表的主要表达内容，先中文后英文例：Book2， Test1， Part One （以下例题部分均为此题，简称如上题）Question1:

3、l The graphs below (Page 28) show the performance of a European countrys manufacturing and agricultural sectors in terms of exports and imports between 1991 and 2001.l Using the information from the graphs, write a short report describing the general movements in exports, imports and the resulting b

4、alance of trade.l Write 120-140 words.1. 词语不多，难度不大，阅读时间尽量缩短2. 斜体字部分基本为Part One惯例，可基本忽略阅读3. 下划线部分为题目“不同内容”所在，亦是表格的主要内容4. 根据题目要求和图表内容“再造”下划线部分如：表格描述的是欧洲某国工业和农业在1991到2001年间进出口情况，而后将此句子翻译为英文即可。（The two charts describe one European countrys manufacturing and agricultural performance in exports and import

5、s parts during 1991 and 2001.）2 如何订框架：Basic Structure基本框架（见上页）A. Introduction Part：简要介绍题目、图表内容，基本内容如上英文表达，即先根据题目和图表归纳出中文内容，后将其内容翻译成英文即可成为开始部分。适当将上句进行修改为：l The aim of the report is to summarize the changes of one European countrys agricultural and manufacturing sectors exports and imports performance

6、 during 1991 and 2001.l 下划线部分为Introduction部分模板句型，其他句型还有：l The chart ( or graph ) shows displays outlines describes summaries indicates reflects . l This is a report about . l As we can see learn from the chart (or graph) . l The aim of the report is to summarize describe outline . l The report descr

7、ibes summaries outlines shows the change of in .B. Findings Part：说明数字变化、走势及对比数据，该部分为第一部分写作重中之重，因为在一份专业的商业报告中，对于数据走势的描写十分重要，它可能影响某商业活动的发展方向，通过对数据变化的描写可以增强公司决策层在发展企业的正确判断可能性。此部分也是锻炼考生逻辑思维和缜密思考的能力。l 既然数据走势为重中之重，那么对于数据走势的描写就必须进行积累，这里提供部分趋势描写词汇或短语，可供模板使用：1. 表示上升：Increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb (

8、动词)；An increase, a growth, a jump, an upward trend (名词词组)2. 表示下降：fall, decrease, go down, slide, collapse, decline, drop （动词）；A collapse, a decrease, a fall, a decline, a drop （名词词组）3. 表示波动：fromto, betweenand（在.之间）； at the start of, at the end of ， throughout (自始至终)（时间）；a fluctuation from to , fluct

9、uate （波动，起伏）4. 两个必记介词：.to.（到某一点），.by.（涨了多少）5. 最高,at the top (peak) of，最低,at the bottom ofl 对比会增加考官对文章的印象，充实文章内容的内容；但必须注意，进行对比时必须是同类比同类，如上题中出现的可能对比的类型为工业VS工业，农业VS农业；或进口VS进口，出口VS出口。l 增加适当的联词，如关联词（But，However.），形容词、副词（Slowly，fast.）对文章的连贯性会有很好的帮助，此处提供部分关联词语可供模板套用：1. 描写程度大小：slightly, gradually, slowly, s

10、teadily（程度较小）；considerably, dramatically, greatly, markedly, obviously, quickly, rapidly, sharply, significantly, suddenly（程度较大）2. 表示顺序：first, firstly, initially, secondly, to begin with, then, next, after, followed(-ing), at last, afterwards(以后、后来), first and foremost(首要的)3. 表示时间：before, since, as,

11、 until, meanwhile, at the moment, when, whenever, as soon as, just as4. 表示对比：however, on the other hand, whether, despite, in spite of, though, although, but, otherwise, yet, instead of, rather, even though, compared with, in contrast, nevertheless, alternatively(二者选一)5. 表示强调：indeed, in fact, obviou

12、sly, certainly, plainly, of coursel 如上述模板及联词，该题可归纳为：A. 中文：工业在91-01年间进口与出口上升幅度均较大，但进口低于出口；二者基本属于波动上升态势，91年最低，01年最高，进出口最低最高值分别是.。英文：The performance of manufacturing sector during the decay is more better than agricultural. Both exports and imports show significant upward trends, and exports act better

13、 than imports, but the distance between them is much less than the agriculturals. The fluctuations for both sectors are steadily. The bottoms for both parts are in 1991, while the tops are in 2001.B. 中文：农业在此区间内虽呈现上升态势，但速度没工业快，且进出口额度差距较大；92年前后仅出口值出现下滑，至94年前后恢复上升，而到99年二者又呈现下滑趋势，且没出现恢复状态。英文：On the othe

14、r hand, the agricultural sectors show increased slightly during the ten years. The same as manufacturing sectors, agriculturals exports also performed better than its imports and the gap between them is at least 3 billion dollars. Both sectors dropped during 1992 to 1994 and then rised again. The sa

15、me dropping situation appeared after 1999, which marked at the top of both sectors are in 1999.l 上述英文内容并无出现具体数字内容，而十分强调数据变化趋势。并且巧妙运用关联词语。考生在练习是可适当进行部分趋势描写删减或增加对于具体数字的描写以便训练出更适合自己的文体模式。3 归纳：l 不要猜、不要估计，直接归纳客观联系即可如上题所述，其图表内容最类似部分即为不管农业工业，在此10年间均呈现上升态势。Both agricultural and manufacturing sectors show up

16、ward trends during the decay.l 部分关于归纳总结的词组：A. 表示结果：as a result, as a consequence, thus, so, therefore, it follows that, eventually, then, therebyB. 表示总结：in conclusion, in summary, lastly, finally, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a wordl 注意该部分需要考虑字数限制，按上内容（英文部分，字数已经超过140词，故此处可以适当考虑是否增加此部分）；若字数已经

17、超出规定字数，则不需再加任何关于归纳性语言，可在开始Introduction部分进行一定修改即可。4 检查l 上述表达有无语法、时态或者拼写错误，根据考官一般习惯，适量的语法错误和单词拼写错误可以接受，为避免可能出现的类似错误，建议大家使用简单的表达方式和不需要过多复杂单词。l 注意格式，标点符号，全文顶格。l 请注意通读文章一次以便察看是否满足问题全部要求。l 对于第一部分写作时间尽可能别超过20分钟标题式写作范文模板：Book 2 Test 2 Sample AIntroduction:The aim of this report is to summarise the changes .

18、 between.Findings:Focusing our attention on . rose steadily over the period. A general upward trend from . in 1990 to . is clearly recognisable.On the other hand, the average price of . totalled in 1990, but in 1995 it increased repidly reaching a peak of . In 2000, the price fell to . however more

19、than the minimum price in 1990.Conclusion:As we can be seen from both graphs . did not show the same characteristics as total.模板的使用需要自己进行一定的练习，可以根据一些公司股票走势、国家某些数据统计进行练习。BEC考试中图表的考试均来自真实数据和图表，故一定的积累练习会减少考试精神压力。四、 Part Two写作(概述)问题共点概述：l 200-250 wordsl All report to a higher rank officer (managing dire

20、ctor, head of department)l All questions have at least 3 requestsl No more data问题特点:l 三道题目选一1. A business report（商业报告）2. A business Letter（商业信函）3. A business proposal（商业计划）l 涉及行业主要为之前介绍的微观部分1. 综合管理类（General Management）：主要涉及公司内部管理、协调、运作某组织、项目等多功能的综合学科，目标是使项目、企业、组织运转更高效。题目一般包含制度建设、规章完善、部门建设扩展等内容，例题如Bo

21、ok2 Test12. 人力资源（Human Resources）：人所具有的脑力和体力劳动总合，包括管理和协调其相关内容。题目一般包含公司内部员工情况、教育发展、晋级、士气等内容，例题如Book2 Test23. 市场类（Marketing）：主要指商业活动中商业交易中的各项行为，如交易、销售、营销、市场扩展等，目的在于增加企业收入。题目一般包含市场销售、分公司建设、会展、开拓业务等内容，例题如Book2 Test4l 需要更加缜密的逻辑和商业思维，需要提出建议或者意见，并且可行l 同第一部分不同，模板只能运用于框架制订，具体句子需要考生自行完成解题总思路：(Accomplish In Fi

22、ve Steps)1. Reading 读题，根据自己实际能力进行三选一，归纳问题要点2. Head&Feet First .根据模板或者问题归纳出的要点进行开头和结尾部分描写，简单框架或者中文即可3. Organizing .框架制定，根据问题进行“矩阵”列表，而后拓展矩阵中要点成为句子4. Combining .灵活运用关联词或词组将各句子串联，并适当修改开始和结尾部分5. Checking .检查，语法、单词拼写有无错误，商业观点有无重大纰漏，问题要点有无涵盖注意：此部分内容需要实际并且可行的商业思维运用，故建议考生多阅读关于上述三行业中的内容及案例。五、 Part Two (Repor

23、t写作方式)Business Report：1. To give a description of the business activites, including buying, selling, services and companys functions or information about these to someone or some groups.2. Focus on summarizing the problems and giving solutions.文章基本框架（Basic Structure）：1. Introduction .同第一部分写作内容，归纳、总起

24、全文及介绍报告主要内容2. Findings .说明问题，阐明问题发生原因3. Recommendations .分析问题解决方法，提出建议4. Conclusion .使用该建议的效果或其他可能性，归纳全文写作要点：1. 简洁明了，快速切入主题（同第一部分写作要求）2. 制订框架尽快完善要点3. 所提意见或建议必须可行性高分步解题：1 如何读题：l 同第一部分，快速浏览相同部分，选择其中一问题作答l 快速归纳问题内容，整理出全文开始部分（Introduction）l 抓住问题要点迅速运用积累知识做出扩展例：Book2， Test2，Part Two Report PartQuestion1:

25、l You have recently attended the following one-day courses:1 Developing Your Potential2 Trends in Electronic Commerce3 Managing People4 Reducing CostsYour companys Training Mnager has asked you to write a short report about the training.l Write the report for the Training Manager:1 Describing the tw

26、o courses which you found most useful2 Explaining how you benefited from them3 Outlining the specfic training courses you would like to attend next year4 Giving reasons why these courses would be useful to youl 问题概述：1 斜体字部分基本未第二部分均会出现重复内容，读题是可以迅速略过2 粗体下划线部分为问题的主要内容，需要认真阅读3 从题目可以得出此报告需要考生写一篇关于人力的文章4

27、文章的主要内容：中文：你参加的一次培训课程和你对本课程的意见或建议英文：Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations.（此种归纳在问题中有出现类似句子，适当将其修改即可）5 针对题目进行选择，一般在报告中市场科目题目易于发挥，且难度相对较低2如何定首尾：Basic Structure基本框架（见上页）A. 先制定首尾有利于写作的大致方向，且在第一部分训练中关于Introduction部分的模板已经给出，直接根据问题就可以写出开始部分B. Intr

28、oduction Part：归纳问题所提主要内容（如上黑体下划线句子，但必须将句子进行一定修改），开门见山直接进入正题，根据问题，此文章开头必须包含两点内容：1. 归纳总结培训课2. 提出建议或意见3. 将上黑体下划线表达进行修改修改前：Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations.修改后：The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible

29、recommendations for a better training course. （斜体下划线部分为第一部分所用模板句型，后部分需要根据问题进行一定修改，但不需使用过多复杂单词，达意即可）其他表达方式：The aim of the report is to summarize the one-day course and recommend some more subjects for a better one.注意：l 问题中有包含起始部分主要内容，需要针对问题进行归纳总结l 模板可以沿用第一部分开始表达：The aim of the report is to.The report

30、 is to summarize.l 切记直接进入主题，不需任何寒暄表达C. Ending Part（Conclusion）：归纳文章，初步考虑所提建议或者意见会达到什么效果，或有何其他可能性，归纳语言同样简洁如此文章，既然开头已经订出两个目标，结尾部分可以作为回应起始部分进行归纳总结：1. 培训课不错，应该继续2. 建议加入的新课程会增加培训课实用性，对员工和公司都有利根据上述要点进行简单翻译：The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would be

31、nfit for both the employee and company.l 将此句子暂时记住或者记住关键词语（黑体下划线），因为不管提何种意见，最终结果都是需要对公司和员工有帮助（这就是强调意见可行性的原因）。l 结尾部分归纳尽量回应起始部分，做到有始有终l 一般考生在写完文章主题部分后都会有新的观点去归纳全文，故此处建议大家暂时先记录关键词语即可，记录关键词语将有利于考生写作方向3. 如何定框架：基本框架（Basic Structure）l 框架的制定可根据问题提出的要点进行分段描写l BEC考试的问题要点描述很清晰，将有助于考生在写作时根据其问题进行分段描述，如上题，问题要求四点：a

32、. 描述你认为最有用的两门学科b. 解释你从这两门学科有何收益c. 阐述明年你还想参加何种类型培训d. 解释为何这些培训对你有帮助l 从问题看出，a,b可以作为一段，讲述已经参加课程的情况，即基本框架中对应的Findings部分（提出问题，解释问题）l c,d可以作为一段，提出对今后培训课程的更改，即基本框架中对应的Recommendations部分（提出建议）l 由上述内容可以看出，定框架实际就是定文章的主体部分，则Findings：归纳培训课程，出现什么问题，什么最好，有什么好处Recommendations：提出新课程，为什么加入新课程，有什么获益l 段落一经分好，则可以根据四个已有学科

33、进行思考（发掘潜能、电子商务、员工管理、降低成本），我们将根据上一点内容（斜体下划线）进行表格制定（请注意，此处表格制定可以运用于今后Letter和Proposal写作），根据斜体部分，可以制订出两个表格，one for Findings, the other for Recommendationsl 根据上述内容设定表格框架（问题已经基本帮助大家设定好，故此处只需做好积累和补充扩展即可）l Findings: (Sample)SubjectKeep or NotAdvantagesBenefitsPotentialNotMight help the new staffNoneE-commer

34、ceKeepDeveloping MarketNew ideasM-PeopleNotSame as PotentialNoneReducing CostKeepSystematically knowledgeSolving cost problemsl 根据上文，作者给出的例子是将电子商务和成本管理课程保留，因为此部分内容较为发挥且确实有用。l 上述主要观点已经表述，则将此观点造句即可：Findings：According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subject

35、s of Human-Resources which have little help for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future

36、. Beisdes, since our departments cost keeps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the

37、cost control.a. 上述段落仅供参考b. 文段包含两大部分内容，一是直接排出两门课程（因为不实用），二是提出保留两门课程（电子商务和成本控制），因为受到启发和有实质性意义c. 注意表达中并无过多复杂词汇，但可以适当增加第一部分所提及关联词语以增加连贯性l Recommendations：New SubjectsAdvantagesBenefitsOperation ManagementScientific Production-line buildingReducing CostIncreaing EffeciencyAdvertisingMedia Publishing Adve

38、rtisementMore market shareIncreasing Profit.l 既然在Findings中提出该部门为市场部，则可以选择市场相关的一些科目l 其目的最终在于创收或者降低成本，即表格中所涉及受益内容l 完善上述观点，造句即可Recommendations：To earn more and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Managem

39、ent should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-line. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand

40、 of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now.a. 上述文段仅供参考b. 文段主要内容为提出新课程，并且分析提出该课程原因及受益c. 注意此部分提议内容必须可行，从公司出发，从个人出发4. 组合成文章：l 将以上英文描写部分进行串联即可l 注意使用部分美观连词l 可以加入小标题（如同第一部分），可增强方向性，并且可让考官清楚地看到此部分的主要内容l 例：Topic：Report

41、on Training CourseIntroduction：The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible recommendations for a better training course.Findings：According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subjects of Human-Resources which have little he

42、lp for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future. Beisdes, since our departments cost kee

43、ps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the cost control.Recommendations：To earn more

44、 and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Management should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-l

45、ine. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now.Conclusion：The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would benfit for both the employee and company.l 全文总字数为265（含大小标题）l 可根据需要进行小量修改即可，如结尾部分，不需重复课程是否再开，可以直接强调新课程会对公司和员工都有益即可（The course should help more after the adjustment, which