英语五大基本句型(共4页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语五大基本句型 基本概念：现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句型一：主语+不及物动词不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念， 不需要宾语及补语， 但有时可有副词， 介词短语等状语修饰语。Such as： 1The sun was shining.2. The moon rose.3.

2、The universe remains.4. We all breathe, eat, and drink.5. Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.6. What he said does not matter.7. They had talked for half an hour when I came in.8. His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years e.g. The rain stopped .9The old man walks in the par

3、k .句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)2.There +不及物动词+主语e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .There comes the bus .3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e

4、.g. They stopped taking a rest .句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。such as：1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He fell in love.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.6. The trouble is that they are short of money.7. Ou

5、r well has gone dry.8. His face turned red.9My sister is a nurse .10.I feel quite hungry .11.The ball is under the desk .句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。such as 1. Who knows the answer?2. She smiled her thanks.3. He has refused to help them.4. He enjoys reading.5. They ate what was l

6、eft over.6. He said Good morning.7. I want to have a cup of tea.8. He admits that he was mistaken.9. We are learning English .10.Do you know him ?11.Your radio needs repairing .12.She hopes to see her uncle.句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。Such as:1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She

7、 cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dictionary.4. He denies her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures.6. I gave my car a wash.7. I told him that the bus was late.8. He showed me how to run the machine.9.Her mother bought her a skirt.10,Give me the book, please.特别提醒A. 在此句型中， 通常是间接宾

8、语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .Give the book to me , please .直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)间接宾语前加介

9、词for的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g. I handed it to our teacher .不能说：I handed our teacher it .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .b. A ski

10、rt was bought for her by her mother.句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。such as:1. They appointed him manager.2. They painted the door green.3. This set them thinking.4. They found the house deserted.5. What makes him think so?6. We saw him out.7. He asked

11、me to come back soon.8. I saw them getting on the bus.9.We elected Li Yang our monitor.10.The news made us sad.12.She saw the thief steal into the shop .13.The teacher asked me to answer the question .14.I found the man stealing the money .15.I found my money stolen .特别提醒A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关

12、系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式， 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时， 则要带”to”.e.g. We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。e.g. They saw him steal the old mans money.He was seen to steal the old mans money .专心-专注-专业