初中英语语法种时态详解与练习.doc

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1、初中英语语法8种时态详解与练习目录一一般现在时3二一般过去时8三一般将来时12四过去将来时17五现在进展时20六过去进展时24七现在完成时29八过去完成时37一 概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示， 这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二 种类：根本时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进展时 过去进展时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时（一） 一般现在时一、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为与现在的某种状况。 二、常搭配的时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, mont

2、h), once a week, on Sundays, etc.三、根本构造 be动词is,am,are；行为动词(主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外)否认形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词假设为行为动词，那么在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，那么用doesnt，同时复原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，那么用does，同时，复原行为动词。例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。I learne

3、d that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 四、根本用法：1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They r

4、aise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进展的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beaut

5、iful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。强调每个家人My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也不会在意动作进展的状态。例如：The earth goes around the sun .地

6、球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job ,

7、they will talk with you in greater details.如果你承受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的词以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。 练习题：用动词的适当形式填空：1.Why_Tom absent today ( be ) 2.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.3.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 4.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures. 5.Does he_(

8、like)_(jump) 6.The students_(speak) English in class. 7.The student_(speak) Chinese after class. 8. Lets_and play football . ( go ) 9. He_ like swimming . ( not ) 10. _your sister study English at school No , she_ . ( do ) 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 2. He doesnt

9、feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning. 3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest. 4. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 5. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night. 6. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening She _(wash) clothes

10、. 7. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday 8 The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun. 单项选择： 1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain 3. The picture _ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She _ down and soon

11、fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week. A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Dont smoke until the plane _ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D.

12、enters 11. He told us _ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 12. Youd better _ at home and _ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine. A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 15. Jim decided _ Pol

13、ly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave4改句子 1. We have four lessons.否认句2.I have many books. 改为否认句 3.Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis 改为否认句4.She lives in a small town near New York. 改为一般疑问句 5.I watch TV every day. 改为一般疑问句 6.David has got a goal.

14、 改为一般疑问句7.We have four lessons.否认句8.Tom does his homework at home. 否认句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问9.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否认句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问（二） 一般过去时一、概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。二、常搭配的时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at th

15、e age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 三、 根本构造： be动词的过去式was/were； 行为动词的过去式即在动词原形后加ed，不规那么变化的动词除外否认形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时复原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时复原行为动词。 一般过去时用谓语动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed，不规那么变化的特殊动词除外。例句：He was here just now. 他刚刚还在这里。What did you do yester

16、day 你昨天做了什么事？We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。四、根本用法 主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时一样，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有

17、：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。过去的时间概念有两层意思：一是指现在某个时间以前的时间；二是指说话、写文章的那个时间点以前的时间，在这个意义上，现在的那个时间点

18、是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres Jim 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out.他刚刚出去。 练习:写出以下动词的过去式is/am_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ do/does_ worry_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ pass_ 用be动词的适当形式填空1. The little dog _ two years old this year.2. She _ happy yesterda

19、y.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.句型变换：1 There was a car in front of the house just now.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯定答复：_否认答复：_2 They played football in the playground.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯定答复：_否认答

20、复：_用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival5. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.6. Dont _ th

21、e house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)7. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morningShe _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.8. What _ you _ just now I _ some housework. (do)9 We all _ (have) a good time last night.10. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)11. He _ football now, but t

22、hey _ basketball just now. (play)句型转换：1、Lucy did her homework at home.改否认句Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge冰箱.变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge3、She stayed there for a week.对划线局部提问_ _ _ she _ there4、There was some orange in the cup.变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup中译

23、英：1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2 Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What _ they _ _ SaturdayThey _ _ homework and _ _.（三） 一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态与打算、方案或准备做某事

24、。二、时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, 等。三、根本构造 am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否认形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时复原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 如： Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚给我打 ，我会在家。Ill (shall/will) do a

25、better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。The car wont start. 车开不了啦。Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。 四、根本用法：主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He will arrive

26、 here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式这种表示方法主要是说明 A“说话人的意图、打算；B“某种可能性。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。Who is going to speak first 谁先发言？B) It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us 他会帮我们收集资料吗？If you go to New Zealand,

27、 you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：按方案安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。B) You are not to bring any mobil

28、e communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。4) 用一般现在时或现在进展时限于某些动词表示按方案安排要发生的事。主要强调“按方案安排要发生的事。例如：Do you get off at the next stop 你下一站下车吗？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next

29、 week. 里德先生下周动身去纽约。 五、表示将来的五种常用非时态方式 1. “be+不定式：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。2. “be about to + 不定式：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。3. “be going + 不定式：表示按方案或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象说明要发生某事。如

30、：We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打 。My sisters going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4. 用现在进展时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。 Th

31、e train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。 练习一、单项选择( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very b

32、usy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. _ a concert next Saturday A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 5. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 6. He _ to us as soon as he g

33、ets there.A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 7. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 8. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 9. The day after tomorrow they _ a vo

34、lleyball match.A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. are going to watch( ) 10. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be( )11. - Lets go out to play football, shall we - OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming( ) 12. It _ us a long time to le

35、arn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend( ) 13. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving二、用动词的适当形式填空 1. I _leavein a minute. I _finishall my work before I _ leave.2. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _giveher a present. 3. -

36、_ you _behere this Saturday -No. I _visitmy teacher.4. -_ I _getyou a copy of todays newspaper -Thank you.5. I am afraid there _bea meeting this afternoon. I cant join you. （四） 过去将来时一、 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 二、 常搭配的时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.三、 根本构造：was/wer

37、e going to + do；would/should + do; was/were to was/were about to+do否认形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。 I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。四、根本用法 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到“现在；而仅限于“过去时间区域内。由此

38、可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：A宾语从句或间接引语中；B表示过去习惯性的动作；C表示过去情况中的“愿望、“倾向，多用于否认句。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反响是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that

39、we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不

40、管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座完毕之后，听众仍不肯离去。 练习：I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come2. We