动词的各种时态及变化规则(5页).doc

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1、-动词的各种时态及变化规则一、 一般现在时 用法：1.现阶段经常性、习惯性动作； 2.目前的状态； 3.客观真理。构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。否定形式：am/is/are+ not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month

2、), once a week, on Sundays动词的变化规则（1）一般直接在词尾+s runs likes (2) 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词在词尾+es goes passes(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+es study -studies try-tries(4) 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s stays plays二、现在进行时用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。b. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。构成：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词 (即动词 -ing 形式)否定形式：主语+

3、am / is / are + 动词的现在分词一般疑问句：把am / is / are放于句首。时间状语：these days, now, at the moment, look, listen.现在分词的变化规则（1）.一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading （2）.以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live-living （3）.以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ing run-running 注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音（4）.特殊记忆的动词 die-dying 死 lie-lying 躺 tie-tying 栓 系 三、一般过去时 用

4、法：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。构成：主语+动词的过去式。否定形式：若谓语为was were, 或情态动词，则直接在其后加not; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did+ not, 还原动词。一般疑问句：若谓语为was were, 或情态动词，则直接将其提到主语前; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did,并将其提到主语前，同时还原动词。时间状语：yesterday，this morning，the day before yesterday，in 1990，与ago连用的状语，two days ago。与last 连用的时间状语，last Sunday，last

5、night。动词的过去式形式（1）一般直接在动词词尾+ed work-worked （2）以e结尾的动词在词尾+d liked lived（3）以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再加ed stop-stopped (4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+ed study-studied不规则动词过去式： am, is- was are-were do-did see-saw say-said give-gave get- got go-went come-came have-had,eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang put-

6、put,make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank,fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept buy-boughtswim-swam sit-sat bring-brought can-could cut-cutbecome-became begin-began feel-felt find-foundforget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knewlearn-learnt （learned） leave-left let-let lose-los

7、tmeet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-tookteach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-though不规则动词变化表1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beat

8、en 打3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑4. A -B -B型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思hear heard heard 听见（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。Build built built 建筑Lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost

9、 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费（3）其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说ring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜shine shone/shined sh

10、one/shined 发光catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教feel felt felt 觉得fight fought fought 战斗find found found 发现get got got 得到hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have had had 有hold held held 盛，握leave left left 离开make made made 制造meet met met 遇见sell sold sold 卖shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉smel

11、l smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 落下steal stole stolen 偷give gave given 给freeze froze frozen 冻结take took taken 拿see saw seen 看见动词过去式把i变o, 过去分词去e双写再加enwrite wrote written 写ride rode ridden 骑driv

12、e drove driven 驾驶以ow结尾 过去式把o变e 过去分词直接加nthrow threw thrown 抛，扔blow blew blown 吹grow grew grown 生长know knew known 知道fly flew flown 飞draw drew drawn 拉，绘画show showed shown 展示（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。speak spoke spoken 说话break broke broken 破碎，折断wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒choose chose chosen 选择forget forgot forgotten 忘记（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。Begin began begun 开始ring rang rung 按铃sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 沉swim swam swum 游泳drink drank drunk 饮（4）其他不规则动词的变化。be(am, is) was/ were been 是be(are) were been 是do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺wear wore worn 穿-第 5 页-