初中英语易混淆的词语(11页).doc

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1、-初中英语易混淆的词语affect/effect1)affectaffectedaffected及物动词对影响，感动(人的)心，使感动例句：The noise from the street affected our study.(马路上的噪音影响我们学习。)Her story affected us deeply.beat/hit/strike1)beatbeatbeaten(连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动例句：My heart is beating fast.(我的心跳得很快。)They beat us in the match.(在这次比赛中，他们把我们击败了。)The rain was

2、beating on the windows.(雨点敲打着窗子。)2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)例句：The football hit him in the eye.(足球打在他的眼睛上了。)He hit on a good idea.(他想出了一个好主意。)He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.(当他倒下时，头重重地碰到地板上。)3)strikestruckstruck打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到，用途较广。例句：Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。)Dont str

3、ike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人。)join/join in/take part in/attend1)join及物动词加入(团体，组织，参军)、同一起干或玩、连接例句：I joined the Party in 1975.(我1975年入党。)His brother joined the army two years ago.(两年前他哥哥参军。)They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。)2)join in 参加(某些活动)例句：May I joi

4、n in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗?)Many people join in the game every year.(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)3)take part in 参加(群众性活动，会议等)参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。例句：A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)A lot of college studen

5、ts took part in the movement last year.(去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。)4)attend 出席，参加，到场;上学例句：Did you attend the meeting last week?(上星期你出席会议了吗?)He was ill so he didnt attend his classes.(他生病了，所以没上学。)注意：attend的词语搭配attend a ceremony 参加典礼attend a funeral 参加葬礼attend a lecture 听演讲attend a concert 听音乐会attend church 上教堂c

6、hoose/select/elect/pick out1)choosechosechosen挑选;选拔;选择，指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选，而不强调精选。例句：Id like to choose a new tie for me.(我想给自己挑一条新领带。)I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)The football players chose him as their team leader.(足球队员们选他当队长。)2)select精选;挑选;选定，强调慎重考虑后的选择。例句：The farmer taught

7、us how to select seeds.(这位农民教我们如何选种。)She was selected from among many applicants.(她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。)Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?(你读过鲁迅选集吗?)3)elect选举;推选例句：We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。)We elected him mayor.(我们选他为市长。)pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语例句：I picked out an old friend in a crowd.(我从人群中认出了

8、一位老朋友。)She picked out the shoes that match the dress.(她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。)reach/arrive/get to1)reachreachedreached及物动词到达，不加to等分词。例句：They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。)2)arrivearrivedarrived不及物动词到达，加介词in(大地方)at小地方。例句：Ill phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话。)What time will they arrive

9、at the airport?(他们什么时候会到达机场?)3)getgotgotten(got)不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达，但接地点副词时不加to。例句：What time does the train get to Beijing?(火车什么时间到达北京?)When I set to Japan, Ill write to you.(我到了日本就给你写信。)They got home safely.(他们平安到家。)注：此处home是副词不能加to。注：“到达”reach=arrive at (in)=get to到达上海到达家/这里/那里win/beatwinwonwonwin

10、a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜例句：Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)beatbeatbeatenbeat是打败了对手例句：He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)My heart

11、beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她，我的心跳就加快。)fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfallen落下;跌倒fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后例句：An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。)Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。)feelfeltfeltfeel like+doing sth.想要;feel sleepy.想睡例句：Can you feel your heart beat violently?(

12、你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?)Both my legs didnt feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。)Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?)fellfelledfelled砍伐例句：A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。)failfailedfailed失败例句：He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)lend/借出borrow1)lend+

13、人+物=lend+物+to+人例如：Please lend me your dictionary.=Please lend your dictionary to me.(请把你的字典借给我。)I will lend you $200, but I cant lend money to him.(我借给你200美元，但我不能借钱给他。)borrow借入borrow+物+from+人She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。)He often borrows money from me.(他经常从

14、我这儿借钱。)rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起，起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨riseroserisenrising例句：Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)Prices have risen quickly.(物价快速上涨了。)She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。)2)raise举起;养育;募款raiseraisedraisedraising例句：Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。)The farme

15、r raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。)arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾)1）sit/set/seatsit不及物动;坐;就座;sitsatsatsitting例句：He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)sets

16、etsetsetting例句：Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。)He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)seat使坐;容纳2）seatseatedseatedseating例句：)The theater can se

17、at at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)hear/listen tohear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语，listen后不可加to。例句：Listen, somebody is crying.(听，有人在哭。)I

18、 listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了，但没听见什么。)Listen to me.(听我说。)lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物动词，躺;位于lielaylainlying例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物动词，放置;下蛋laylaidlaidlaying例句：These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on

19、my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物动词，说谎lieliedliedlying例句：Dont lie to me.(别骗我。)She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)wear/put on/ dresswear穿着，戴;留，表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。)2)He wears a black jacket today.(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)put on穿上，戴上，表示“动作”1)The teacher put on his hat an

20、d went out of the office.(老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)2)Put on the gloves .Its cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。)dress作“穿着的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。)2)The mother dresses the child every day.(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。3)She dresses herself in red.(此句等于第一个例句。)take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到

21、远处1)Shell take her children to the park.(她要带孩子去公园。)2)Its raining, youd better take an umbrella with you.(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。)2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.(明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。)carry作“携带，带去;搬运”解1)She always carries a re

22、d handbag.(她总是带一个红色手包。)2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)fetch作“去取来，拿来;叫某人来”解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.(足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来。)2)Fetch the police at once. Weve found the robber.(马上去叫警察来，我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)speak/say/tell/talkspeak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。1)The stude

23、nts speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说;更不用说1)Generally speaking, man is stro

24、nger than woman.(一般而言，男人比女人强壮。)2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。)say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句，(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”，习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说：“我爱你。”)2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)5)Th

25、e paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说，教育是重要的。)8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.(Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。)tell说谎;讲故事;

26、说实话1)Dont tell a lie.(不要说谎。)2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)3)We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。)tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)(他告诉我他要去那儿。)talk连续地说话;习惯用法1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)2)Young people like

27、to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)spend/ take /costspend的主语通常是“人”，即“某人在花多少时间或金钱。”1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)2)She spent lots of money on books last year.(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes

28、+(人)+时间+ to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。)cost的主语通常是事物，即指 某物值多少钱需要多少时间某人花了多少钱使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块

29、手表花了我200块钱。)2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。)3)The girls bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。win/beat1)winwonwonwin a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜例句：Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨

30、晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)beatbeatbeaten2)beat是打败了对手例句：He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她，我的心跳就加快。)fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfallen落下;跌倒1)fall asleep睡着/

31、fall behind落后例句：An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。)Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。)2)feelfeltfeltfeel like+doing sth.想要;feel sleepy.想睡例句：Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?)Both my legs didnt feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛

32、。)Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?)3)fellfelledfelled砍伐例句：A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。)4)failfailedfailed失败例句：He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)sit/set/seat1、sit不及物动;坐;就座;sitsatsatsitting例句：He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)2、Sit here until s

33、he comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)3、set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)setsetsetsetting例句：Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。)He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)4、The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下

34、。)5、seat使坐;容纳seatseatedseatedseating例句：)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)Pleased pleasant pleasure1.pleased是一个形容词，它只能以人作主语，表示“某人很开心”，sb is pleased.2.pleasant也是形容词，一般主语是物， it is a pleasant tri

35、p3.pleasure是一个名词，一般来说不可数，表示“开心，快”；但当表示“一件令人开心的事”的时候是可数的，可以在前面加a例句 It is my pleasure.I am pleased.That is very pleasant.Spend cost pay takespend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： (1)spend (timemoney)onsth.在上花费时间(金钱)。 例：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem. (2)spend(timemoney)(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例：Theyspenttwoyears(i

36、n)buildingthisbridge. (3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买。 例：Hismoneywasspentforbooks. cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示值，常见用法如下： (1)sth.costs(sb.)金钱, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney. (2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例：Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后

37、面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种： (1)Ittakessb.时间todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad. (2)doingsth.takessb.时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是： (1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买。 例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth. (2)payforsth.付的钱。 例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost. (3)payforsb.替某人付钱。 例：Dontworry!Illpayforyou. (4)paysb.付钱给某人。 例:Theypayuseverymonth. (5)paymoneyback还钱。 例：MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?Illpayitbacknextweek. (6)payoffonesmoney还清钱。-第 11 页-