初一五种基本时态讲解及练习(8页).doc

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1、-英语语法（时态）几种简单时态：(1) 一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生动作或存在的状态,或说明主语特征。一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)表示客观真理、事实、人的技

2、能或现在状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：Our teacher said that the earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往海口的列车上午8点开车) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon

3、 as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们只好呆在家) 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。(2) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动

4、作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with hi

5、s father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he w

6、as young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)(3) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, wh

7、en引导的从句等。用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give

8、birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回来)现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shal

9、l we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this , t

10、hese等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：Im coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)(5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进

11、行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) 用于宾语

12、从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) 注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)be(“

13、是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：一 般 现 在 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人称) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一 般 过 去 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人称) would

14、 be.I was He/She/It was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.注意：句型变化时,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为nt (am后面not不可以缩写)；疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。其它动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：现

15、在时态一 般 现 在 时现 在 进 行 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时谓语动词构成动词用原形(单三加s / es)(问句和否定句借用助词do / does)amis +动词-ingarewill + 动词原形amis +going to+动词原形arehave +过去分词has过去时态一 般 过 去 时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时谓语动词构成动词用过去式(问句和否定句借用助词did)was +动词-ingwerewould + 动词原形was+going to+动词原形werehad +过去分词时态综合练习（一）1. Turn on the televisio

16、n or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often seeB. often see C. are often seeingD. have often seen2. I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.A. asked B. Ask C. was asking D. had asked3. Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this

17、 morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done4. Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare5. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D.

18、would be6. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing downD. had closed down时态综合练习（二）1. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. was

19、nt sayingB. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say2. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying3. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression.A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesn

20、t leave D. hasnt left4. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. playedD. play5. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reachB. have never reached C. never reachD. never reached6. You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. has waited -第 8 页-