2016年高考复习动词时态和语态.ppt

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1、2016年高考复习年高考复习时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时 态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进 行、过去将来等。行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从 句时态呼应问题。句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。、

2、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。近五年动词的语态和时态在高考中的复现率近五年动词的语态和时态在高考中的复现率考点年号一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时总题量20101(24题)1(30题)1(27题)1(34题)420111(22题)1(27题)1(34题)1(30题)420121(24题)2(22、23题)1(25题)42013 3(24、26、30题)1(34题) 1(22题)1(27题)62014 2(30、34题)1(28题)

3、3常考时态常考时态一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去进行时过去进行时考查比例较大的几点状语从句的动词时态状语从句的动词时态一般将来时一般将来时最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在时时现在进行现在进行时时现在完成现在完成时时现在完成现在完成进行时进行时often, always, usually, sometimes, on Sunday, every , at weekends, once in

4、 a while, three times a day(right) now, at this moment, at present, for the time being, this year, always, for, since, so far, in/over/during the past/ last few years, lately, recently, just, up to now, up till now, already, yet, ever, never, twice, three times, before, all the time, all this mornin

5、g, for, since, in the past few years, 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般过去一般过去时时过去进行过去进行时时过去完成过去完成时时过去将来过去将来时时yesterday, last, the day before yesterday, ago, in 2000, in the past, the other day, just now, once upon a time, at 10 last night, then, this morning, at that time/ moment, this time yesterd

6、ay, last year, always, by+过去时间，过去时间，by then, by the end of + 过去时间，过去时间，by the time you did sth,.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in 2020, in a few years, in future, in the future, soon, next, another day, at 10 tomorrow, then, this time

7、tomorrow, next year, by +将来时间将来时间, by then, by the end of + 将来时间将来时间, by the time you do sth, 考题点击考题点击1、21. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2. I _ ping-pong quite well, bu

8、t I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. playB本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平被称为太平洋洋”是客观事实，只能用一般现在时。是客观事实，只能用一般现在时。常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。D一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时表示：一般现在时表示：1. 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态

9、。经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2. 主语现在的特征、性格和状态。主语现在的特征、性格和状态。3. 客观真理。客观真理。He seldom asks me for advice.There are regular flights between the two cities. China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.考题点击考题点击3 I dont know when he _, but when h

10、e _, I will let you know. A. will come, will come B. comes, comes C. will come, comes D. comes, will comeC第一个第一个when引导宾语从句，从句表将来用一般将来时态。引导宾语从句，从句表将来用一般将来时态。第二个第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能引导时间状语从句，只能用一般现在时态表用一般现在时态表将来将来。还有条件、让步状语从句也如此。这时，主句用。还有条件、让步状语从句也如此。这时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现主将从现”。If you

11、_(不去不去) there tomorrow, _ (我也不去我也不去)._(无论你给他多少无论你给他多少建议建议), he will do exactly what he wants.Take an umbrella _(以防下雨以防下雨).neither/nor will I However much advice you give himin case it rainsdont goThe next train _(leave) at 3 oclock this afternoon. The film _(start) at seven oclock and _(end) at nine

12、 oclock this evening. The plane _(take) off at 8:00a.m. It is 7:10a.m. now. We must hurry up.leavesstartsendstakes4. 一般现在时表示按安排或计划要做的动作（一般现在时表示按安排或计划要做的动作（有具有具体的时间状语体的时间状语）。限于）。限于come, go, leave, begin, start, end, open, close, return, arrive, take off, stop, depart等。等。The film, _(start) at seven oc

13、lock, attracted many young people.startingTranslation: 公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。铃响了。铃响了。 Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.用于倒装句，表示动作正在进行。用于倒装句，表示动作正在进行。= The bus is coming.= The bell is ringing.Make sure that all the windows _ (close) before you leave the room.are closedmake sure (that) 后面的宾语从句中用一般现在时态。后

14、面的宾语从句中用一般现在时态。写作句型：随着写作句型：随着而来的是而来的是 倒装句倒装句Along with, there come(s) Along with the physical changes, there come some psychological changes.考题点击考题点击4、5 4. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were

15、 phoning D. are phoning 5. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will changeD自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示表示“在不停的打电话在不停的打电话”。A选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动

16、电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，表日新飞速发展，表日新月异的变化，所以要用现在进行时。月异的变化，所以要用现在进行时。现在进行时的用法：现在进行时的用法：Look！It is raining cats and dogs now.1.表现在正在进行（说话的瞬间）的动作。表现在正在进行（说话的瞬间）的动作。2. 表当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作表当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。（说话时不一定正在进行）。3. 表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶，常与表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶，常与always, constantly 等连用。等连用

17、。4. 表示按计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。表示按计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, sleep, stay, do, leave, wear, work等表移动、方向的动词。等表移动、方向的动词。I am writing a novel these days.The children are always making trouble.His money is running out.We must look around when _(cross) the road.Take care while _(ride) a

18、 bicycle.crossingridingwhen we are crossing the roadwhile you are riding a bicycle省略句：时间、条件、让步状语从句中如果是现在进行省略句：时间、条件、让步状语从句中如果是现在进行时态，引导词后可省略主语和时态，引导词后可省略主语和be动词，直接用动词，直接用v-ing的的形式。形式。_(参加参加会议的有会议的有700学生学生) from Peking University._(一幅画挂在墙上一幅画挂在墙上) by Qi Baishi.Attending the meeting are 700 studentsHa

19、nging on the wall is a painting倒装句：现在进行时态的句子，可以把倒装句：现在进行时态的句子，可以把doing表语提到表语提到句首，用全部倒装。句首，用全部倒装。Doing+ be+主语。主语。考题点击考题点击6、7 6._ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning7. Though we dont know what was discussed, but we c

20、an feel the topic _. A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changedCD此题的干扰源是后面的此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。尽管不知道讨论过什么，但感觉到话题已经改换了，尽管不知道讨论过什么，但感觉到话题已经改换了，表示结果。表示结果。现在完成时态的用法：现在完成时态的用法：I ha

21、ve seen the film already.I have had lunch. I am not hungry.He has lived here since 10 years ago.He has been to London three times.1. 到现在为止已经完成的动作。到现在为止已经完成的动作。3. 过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常和过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示表示包括现在包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。在内的一段时间的状语连用。2.过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。4. 表反复或习惯性的动

22、作，常与表反复或习惯性的动作，常与times 连用。连用。 - _ you _ (have) lunch yet? - Yes. I _(have) lunch at home. Havehadhad到现在为止是否已经吃饭了，强调结果，用现在完成到现在为止是否已经吃饭了，强调结果，用现在完成时。回答时表具体在哪里吃的，表过去的动作，用一时。回答时表具体在哪里吃的，表过去的动作，用一般过去时。般过去时。 It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (ever, attend) .have ever attended在在“最高级最高级+名词名词” 之后跟

23、定语从句，从句用现在完成之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。时。 This is the first time that I _ (visit) your country. have visitedIt / This is the first/second/ last time that 从句中从句中用现在完成时。用现在完成时。 It / This was the first/second/lasttime that从句中从句中用过去完成时。用过去完成时。That man cant be Green; he _ to the USA. A. went B. has gone C. has bee

24、n to D. had goneBwent只表过去曾经去过某地，和现在没关系。只表过去曾经去过某地，和现在没关系。 has gone to 表去表去了了(或到了或在途中或到了或在途中)， has been to 去过去过(已回来已回来) We will set off at once if the rain _ (stop). Youd better not give up this job until you _ (find) a better one.has stoppedhave found用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之

25、前完成动作之前完成 The book, which became the best-seller, was written by Arthurs wife, Joan, whom he _ (marry) for 52 years.has been married tomarry 是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语for, since 等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式be married to 。其它词有：。其它词有：die- come-leave- beginjoin- becomeborrow- buy- get

26、 in touch with-fall in love with- be deadbe herebe away (from)be onbe inbekeephavebe in touch withbe in love with考题点击考题点击8、9 8.- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted9. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_

27、 going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，是现在完成进行时，“还没还没作决定作决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。CB这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是而且还在进行当中

28、。强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。现在完成进行时的用法：现在完成进行时的用法：She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day.All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。2. 到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。高考题点击高考题点击10、11、

29、12：10. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised11. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marryNancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。作出的承诺。until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，用在肯定句中时，主句的动

30、词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB12. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on

31、 you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事在这段对话以前的事了，了，所以要用一般过去时。所以要用一般过去时。D一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的用法：The Great Wall came

32、 into being in 221 BC.When in Shanghai, I often went to school by bus.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled with satisfaction.He said he would call us as soon as he arrived home.1.表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。2.表过去一段时间里经常或反复发生的行为。表过去一段时间里经常或反复发生的行为。used to do和

33、和 would do也表这意思。也表这意思。3. 表过去先后发生的一连串的动作。前若干动作表过去先后发生的一连串的动作。前若干动作后用逗号隔开，最后两个之间用后用逗号隔开，最后两个之间用and连接。连接。4. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。将要发生的动作。比较比较 He will come to the party if he _ (be) free. He said he _(come) to the party if he _(be) free.iswould comewasis, was 表示现在和过去将要发生的动

34、作。表示现在和过去将要发生的动作。时态呼应原则：当主句谓语动词为一般过去时态，宾时态呼应原则：当主句谓语动词为一般过去时态，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一过、过进、过完、语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一过、过进、过完、过将），除非是客观真理，总用一般现在时。过将），除非是客观真理，总用一般现在时。I didnt know where _ my purse. A. have I put B. had I put C. I have put D. I had putD根据时态呼应原则排除根据时态呼应原则排除A,C,根据陈述句语序选根据陈述句语序选DWhen Alice came to, she d

35、id not know how long she _ there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lainThe moment I got home, I found I _ my wallet on the playground. A. had left B. has left C. have left D. was leavingAA根据时态呼应原则排除根据时态呼应原则排除B,C,根据时间先后选根据时间先后选A根据时态呼应原则排除根据时态呼应原则排除B,D,根据时间的先后选根据时间的先后选A Edward,

36、you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent knownAC,D与现在有关，表示现在不知道。根据句意，指过与现在有关，表示现在不知道。根据句意，指过去不知道，现在已知道。去不知道，现在已知道。B表过去的过去，这里只表表过去的过去，这里只表现在的过去。现在的过去。- Alan is ill in hospital. - Oh, really? I _ (not, know). I _(go) and visit her.What a nice

37、house! I _(never, think) that one day I _( live) in such a beautiful house.-Alice, here is your car key, in the drawer. - Thank you. I _(not, realize) that I _(leave) it here.didnt knowwill gonever thoughtwould livedidnt realizehad leftAlice _ in America for 10 years, but she never regrets she has c

38、ome back to China. A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. has been workingBIt is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)_ the world leading inventor for 60 years. A. would be B. had been C. has been D. was易错题易错题D误选误选A，但现在完成时是包括现在的时间在内的。这里，但现在完成时是包括现在的时间在内的。这里表已经回来了，在美国工作成为了过去，用一般过去时。表已经回来了

39、，在美国工作成为了过去，用一般过去时。for 60 years 未必只能和现在完成时连用。这里是讲未必只能和现在完成时连用。这里是讲述过去一段时间的经历，用一般过去时。述过去一段时间的经历，用一般过去时。It is time you _(承担责任承担责任). It is time you _(进行休学进行休学实践年实践年).took on the responsibilitytook the gap yearIt is time (that) sb. did sth. 虚拟语气：虚拟语气： “该做该做某事的时候了某事的时候了”。_ (如果我是你的话如果我是你的话), I would distr

40、ibute the money to the poor. _(如果我有一百万如果我有一百万), I would travel to every point of the compass.If I were youIf I had a million dollarsIf 虚拟条件句中，与现在事实相反的假设，用一虚拟条件句中，与现在事实相反的假设，用一般过去时表示。般过去时表示。It was not long before they _(occupy) the city centerIt was not long since they _ (occupy) the city center. occ

41、upied不久之后就不久之后就had occupied自从自从有多久了有多久了考题点击考题点击1313. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied B该题的意思为该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为

42、 laid；lied 是是“说谎说谎”的过去式和过去分词。的过去式和过去分词。过去进行时的用法：过去进行时的用法： The first time I saw her , she was standing in his study.He was writing a novel last year, but I dont know if he has finished it.He was constantly leaving things here and there at that time.He said he was coming to see you the next month.1. 过

43、去每一时刻正在进行的动作，除有上下文暗示过去每一时刻正在进行的动作，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。外，一般和时间状语连用。2. 过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。3. 与与always或或constantly连用，表示说话人过去对连用，表示说话人过去对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等。主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等。4. 表过去将要发生的动作，一般限于表移动，方向的表过去将要发生的动作，一般限于表移动，方向的动词。动词。I was wondering if I could ask you a question?My brother fell while he was rid

44、ing his bicycle and hurt himself.5. 某些表心理活动的词，用于过去进行时，某些表心理活动的词，用于过去进行时， 表示委表示委婉、客气，而不表过去。婉、客气，而不表过去。6. 描述一件事情发生的背景。描述一件事情发生的背景。考题点击考题点击1414. As she _the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fellC. was reading, was falling D. read , fell一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作

45、延续性的动作（长动（长动作）大都用过去进行时，作）大都用过去进行时，短暂性的动作短暂性的动作（短动作）用一（短动作）用一般过去时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作般过去时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。发生了。BThey _(have) a meeting when the fire _(break) out. Jane _(meet) Frank while she _(live) in Holleywood. The UFO _(travel) from east to west when I _(see) it.were havingbrokemetwas livi

46、ngwas travellingsaw- Please repeat what I said just now. - Sorry, I _. A. didnt listen B. wasnt listening C. hadnt listened D. wont listen Bwhen you said it.- We could have got in for nothing. - Yes, nobody _ tickets. A. collected B. has collected C. was collecting D. had collectedCwhen we got in.在隐

47、含过去进行时，表示在隐含过去进行时，表示“当时正在做某事当时正在做某事”时，可时，可以在后面加上以在后面加上when从句理解。从句理解。比较：比较： He _ (write) a novel last year. He _a novel last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.wrotewas writing当时正在写当时正在写写完了写完了写作：描述背景写作：描述背景 这是一个寒冷的冬天。北风猛烈的刮，厚厚的雪落这是一个寒冷的冬天。北风猛烈的刮，厚厚的雪落下来。一个可怜的小女孩在街上走，这时下来。一个可怜的小女孩在街上走，这时

48、It was a cold winter. The north wind was blowing hard and heavy snow was falling. A poor girl was walking in the street whenwas /were doing sth. when did sth.句型：句型：正在做某事，这时正在做某事，这时考题点击考题点击15、1615. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it

49、. A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost16. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone BD根据时态呼应原则排除根据时态呼应原则排除B，C。“他没叫我就走了他没叫我就走了”这这个动作明显发生在个动作明显发生在“我认为我认为”之前。所以必

50、须用过去完之前。所以必须用过去完成时。成时。哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。用一般过去时。过去完成时的用法：过去完成时的用法： He had worked there for 10 years before he reached Canada. By the end of last year, the power plant had been completed.He told me he had made muc