如何提高书面表达句子的档次(简短版).ppt

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1、如何提高书面表达句子的档次如何提高书面表达句子的档次 一、高考书面表达评分标准一、高考书面表达评分标准 1.评判方法：采取整体评分法。2.各档次评分范围及要求：五档（很好）21-25分1）覆盖所有内容要点 2）应用了较多的语法结构和词汇 ，有些许语言错误，但因尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致，有较强的语言应用能力。3）有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 ，全文结构紧凑。4）完全达到了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的 四档（好）16-20分1）虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容要点 2）应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。语法结构和词汇方面应用基本正确，些许语言错误，主要是因尝试较复

2、杂结构或较高级词汇所致。3）应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。4）完全达到了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的三档（适当）11-15分1）虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 2）应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语言错误，但不影响理解。3）应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。4）基本完成了试题规定的任务，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。二档（较差）6-10分1）漏掉或未描述一些内容，写了一些无关内容。 2）语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。有一些语法结构或词会方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。3）较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。4）信息未能清楚地传

3、达给读者。一档（差）1-5分1）明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 2）语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。较多语法结构或词会方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。3）缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯性。4）信息未能传达给读者。二、英语书面表达评分标准概要二、英语书面表达评分标准概要 内容要点 语法结构及词汇运用 语言表达 文章的总体评价评分细则1）首先根据文章的内容与语言确定其所属档次，然后按照该档次的具体要求进行衡量，确定或调整其所属档次，最后再评定得分。2）注意内容要点、词汇应用和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性以及语言应用的得体性。3)单词拼写及标点符号的错误应视其对交际的影响程度予以适当

4、的都分，因为它们关系到语言的准确性。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 4）全文字数不足80或多于120者，从总得分中扣除2分。5）如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次（5分）。6）内容要点可用不同方式表达。7）对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。8）开头、结尾的内容须合乎逻辑，语言得体。 1. 1. 要点齐全要点齐全2. 2. 较多的语法结构和较多的语法结构和高级高级词汇词汇 3. 3. 全文结构紧凑全文结构紧凑 1.There was an accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. (典型病句）典

5、型病句）There was an accident that happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. (定语从句）定语从句）An accident occurred to two students in our school yesterday afternoon.（高级词（高级词汇）汇）An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon.2.Tian Li and Duan Kai were riding bikes sid

6、e by side on the way home after school. They were talking and laughing loudly. Tian Li and Duan Kai were riding bikes side by side on the way home after school, talking and laughing loudly. （用分词合并）（用分词合并）After school was over, Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were on their way home by bike, talking an

7、d laughing happily. 3. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting.Seeing a passing car, they started to chase it, thinking it great fun.The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red.Unfortunately, the bus stopped the moment the tr

8、affic light turned red.The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bikes in time.The two students were so close to the bus that they were not able to stop their bikes in time. 4.Ones left arm was hurt and the others leg was hurt too. Ones left arm was broken while the oth

9、ers leg got hurt. (避免用相避免用相同结构和词汇）（高级连词）同结构和词汇）（高级连词）One had his left arm broken while the other got his leg hurt. /the other was badly hurt in the leg.)( (高级结构）高级结构）They were knocked off their bikes, one with the left arm broken, and the other with one leg hurt. ( (高级介词高级介词短语短语/独立主格结构）独立主格结构） They

10、fell off the bikes. Tianlis broke his his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg. As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and the other with his leg hurt.5. If we dont obey traffic rules, we might die.a. If we go against traffic rules, we might lose our lives.b. If we go

11、 against traffic rules, we might end up in hospital.c. Going against traffic rules might cost us our lives.d. Dont risk our lives going against traffic rules. (多种表达）多种表达） An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were goin

12、g home by bike. They were talking and laughing happily. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red. The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bikes in ti

13、me. They fell off the bikes. Tianli broke his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg. An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were going home by bike. They were talking and laughing happily. When they saw a bus which was passi

14、ng by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red. The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bikes in time. They fell off the bikes. Tianlis broke his his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg. An acc

15、ident occurred to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. After school was over, Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were heading home by bike, talking and laughing happily. Seeing a passing bus, they started to chase it, t h i n k i n g i t w a s g r e a t f u n . Unfortunately, the bus stopped

16、the moment the traffic light turned red. The two students were so close to the bus that they were not able to stop their bikes in time. As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and the other with his leg hurt. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在的城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请

17、根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。 高考高分作文高考高分作文(2003(2003年试题年试题) )： Dear Bob, Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter and I Thank you for your last letter and Im very glad to m very glad to hear that you are coming to my city to learn Chinese. hear that you are coming to my city to learn Chi

18、nese. Now I Now Ive found a flat near the school for you. It ve found a flat near the school for you. It is one of the buildings in the block which lies on the is one of the buildings in the block which lies on the left of No. 11 Fangcao Street Stop and it is very left of No. 11 Fangcao Street Stop

19、and it is very convenient for you to take the bus to go to school. convenient for you to take the bus to go to school. WhatWhats mores more, the next stop is Jianxin Chinese School. , the next stop is Jianxin Chinese School. ） On top of that,On top of that, the room, 25 square metres in area, the ro

20、om, 25 square metres in area, consists ofconsists of three parts, three parts, namely namely a kitchen, a bathroom a kitchen, a bathroom and a sitting room. in the sitting room there is a bed, and a sitting room. in the sitting room there is a bed, a sofa and a desk. Then the monthly rent is 500 a s

21、ofa and a desk. Then the monthly rent is 500 yuanyuan. At . At last I hope you will be satisfied with the flat. last I hope you will be satisfied with the flat. Looking forward to seeing you! Looking forward to seeing you! Yours, Yours, Li Hua Li Hua 三、书面表达的应试技巧三、书面表达的应试技巧（一）答题思路（一）答题思路分为三个阶段：（1）准备阶

22、段（2）写作阶段（3）检查和修改阶段1 准备阶段 1）这是什么体裁的作文？是书信？是感谢信？是说明文？还是记叙文？ 2）写作的背景是什么？ 3）写作的目的是什么？ 4）文章的读者是谁？应该采用什么样的文体？ 5）交际的内容是什么？ 6）文章是否有字数要求？以2005年高考英语试卷书面表达题为例： 假设你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上的一则广告引起了你的注意，但是一些具体信息不明确（箭头所指内容）。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。注意：1词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：牛津- Oxford

23、 费用- fee 分析：要求写一封电子邮件。l 写作的背景是：你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训；计划星期天去伦敦旅；你对互联网上的一则关于旅游广告引起你的注意，但是一些具体信息不明确，你想询问这些信息。l写作的目的是询问关于一则广告的具体信息。l文章的读者是旅行社工作人员，非熟人或朋友，因此写作的文体应该略显正式，语气应该礼貌，用词应较为正式。l 写作的内容是：（仔细阅读箭头所指问题，确定内容要点：5个）l 字数100字左右 2 写作阶段写作阶段1）根据内容要点列出简要提纲，即内容要点。 开头语 （开头） 询问是否有购物时间，学生票价 费用是否含景点门票、午餐 返回牛津的时间 结尾 （收

24、尾）2）构思文章内容的布局，完成初稿。 第一段：开头，开门见山，说明写信的目的： I read your advertisement about the Day Tour in London and Im writing for more information about it.第二、三段：正文，包括内容要点 As a student at Oxford University, Id like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the e

25、ntrance fees for visiting the places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food? How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, Id like to know the time to return, Besides, is there any time for shopping? I really want to have

26、 a look at the big stores in London.第四段：结尾，说明写信人的愿望或期望等 I will be looking forward to your reply. 3 检查和修改阶段 1） 通读全文，仔细检查内容是否扣题，有无遗漏要点，是否有拼写及语法错误，文章是否连贯、通顺。2） 适当修改用词和句式。在通读的过程中，注意是否有用词重复的地方，可以尝试使用其它同义词或词组，这样可以有效的提升文章的文采。同时适当变化句式，例如主动句、被动句、倒装句的交错使用，可以使文章更富于变化性，以增强可读性。3) 誊抄作文 （二）需注意的问题（二）需注意的问题1书写规范，字迹清

27、楚，书写不勾不划,卷面美观。2表达要准确。（保证第一句话正确无误）3. 文中不要出现汉语表达。 4格式要正确。不同的书面表达形式有不 同的格式，如书信、日记、便条、通知等各有其特殊的格式。5. 注意答题时间。注意答题时间。 如何提高英语书面表达能力？如何提高英语书面表达能力？ （一）（一） 掌握常用句型句式掌握常用句型句式 1 五种主要的基本句型 句型1： S + V + P （主 + 系动词 + 表语） 句型2： S + Vt + O （主 + 及物动词+ 宾语） 句型3： S + Vi+ (A) 主 + 不及物动词+ （状语） 句型4： S + Vt+ Oi + Od （主 + 及物动词+

28、 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 句型5： S + Vt+ Oi + Oc （主 + 及物动词+宾语 + 宾语补足语）高考范文中的范例：含主语、系动词、表语的句型 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. (04年高考范文） Im so glad to learn that you are coming in September. (03年高考范文）含主语、谓语、宾语的句型 I know you like singing. (04年高考范文）They believe a public park

29、should be free of charge. (02年高考范文）Ive found a place for you. (03年高考范文）2. 特 殊 句 型1）it 引导的句型It will be necessary to build gates and walls.2）it + 系动词+强调部分 + that/who （强调句）3）it takes (sb) sometime to do sth 4) It is + 时间+since 从句5) It will (not) be + 时间+ before 从句6) It + 及物动词（appear, seem, matter,happe

30、n等）+ that 从句7）定语从句8）状语从句As long as, although, no matter, unless, whether or, （让步）So that, in order to, in order that, such/sothat, when （结果或目的）When, while, only, notuntil, assoon as （时间）If, once, unless (条件）3. 插入语或固定短语I think, I believe, I hope, I suppose, To my surprise/delight; whats worse; to mak

31、e things worse; generally speaking;What is more; It is generally believed/recognized二）二） 熟练变化句式熟练变化句式1）尝试使用不同的句式结构造句 （在基本句型的基础上，用不同形式的句子构成主、谓、宾成分）2）加强句子组合练习e.g. He is a boy. He is twelve years old. 改为：He is a twelve-year-old boy. He left home. He didnt take any money with him.改为：He left home without

32、 taking any money with him. I bought a dictionary last week. It was recommended by my English teacher. 改为：I bought a dictionary that was recommended by my English teacher. （三）（三） 注重词汇的变化使用，提倡运用词注重词汇的变化使用，提倡运用词组组例如find, discover; ask/inquire; change/alter/modify; answer/reply/ surprise/astonish/astou

33、nd/be taken aback记忆单词的方法：字不离词；词不离句；句不离篇 He got up at 7 oclock.It was not until 7 oclock that he got up.Not until 7 oclock did he get up.(强调句）强调句）（倒装句）（倒装句）He didnt get up until 7 oclock.1. I had a good idea.a. A good idea occurred to me.b. I came up with a good idea.多种表达多种表达&高级词汇高级词汇make every effor

34、t to, make great efforts tospare no efforts to, try every means todo all we can to, do what we can to2. Dont worry . Well try to help you.Practice: 1. There are 80% of the population live on farming. 2. At 8 this morning, there were about 50 American students came to visit our school.80% of the popu

35、lation live on farming.At 8 this morning, about 50 American students came to visit our school.Practice: （用分词合并）（用分词合并）1.He had finished his homework. He went out to play football. 2.I was moved by his words. I decided to lend him a hand.Moved by his words, I decided to lend him a hand.Having finishe

36、d his homework, he went out to play football. Practice: （用连接词连接）（用连接词连接）1.The police searched everywhere. The missing boy could not be found.The police searched everywhere, but the missing boy could not be found. Though the police searched everywhere, the missing boy could not be found.Practice: (避免

37、用相同结构和词汇）避免用相同结构和词汇）1. I like sports. I like music, too.a.I like sports and music as well.b.I like sports as well as music.2.My favorite subject is English while my sisters favorite subject is history.a.My favorite subject is English while my sisters is history.b. My favorite subject is English whil

38、e my sister likes history best.My old grandfather fell asleep in the sofa. He had a book on his knees.Practice: （用介词短语）（用介词短语）My old grandfather fell asleep in the sofa with a book on his knees. （四）（四） 学会使用过渡词。学会使用过渡词。 (1)表示增加的过渡词：表示增加的过渡词：also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover

39、, again, on top of that, another, first/second/third等。等。 (2)表示时间顺序的过渡词：表示时间顺序的过渡词：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally等。等。 (3)表示空间顺序的过渡词：表示空间顺序的过渡词：near(to), far(from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, b

40、elow, to the right/ left, around, outside等。等。 (4)表示比较的过渡词：表示比较的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as等。等。 (5)表示对照的过渡词：表示对照的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, even though等。等。 (6)表示结果和原因的过渡词：表示结果和原因的过渡词：because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then, thus

41、, otherwise.等。等。 (7)表示目的的过渡词：表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that等。等。 (8)表示强调的过渡词：表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat, above all, most important等。等。 (9)表示解释说明的过渡词：表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for actually等。等。

42、(10)表示总结的过渡词：表示总结的过渡词：finally, at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in other word, in brief, in short, in general, on the whole, as has been stated等。等。 （五）了解不同体裁作文的格式和要求（五）了解不同体裁作文的格式和要求1) 1) 书信开头的常用句型有：书信开头的常用句型有：I Im very pleased to have received your m very pleased to have received your lette

43、r and to know thatletter and to know thatI have received your letter and known I have received your letter and known thatthatI Im very happy to learn from your letter m very happy to learn from your letter thatthat Hearing that you are coming to ChinaHearing that you are coming to China I Im m very

44、happy. very happy. I Im glad to hear from you and know that m glad to hear from you and know that you are coming soon.you are coming soon.2) 2) 书信结尾常用的词组有：书信结尾常用的词组有：Do you think itDo you think its fine?/its fine?/its OK? s OK? I hope you will like it.I hope you will like it.What do you think of the

45、 flat? I hope you What do you think of the flat? I hope you will like it. will like it. Would you please write me back and tell Would you please write me back and tell me your idea of this flat?me your idea of this flat?Please let me know if you need any other Please let me know if you need any othe

46、r help I can offer. help I can offer. I I m l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o y o u r m l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o y o u r arrival/coming. arrival/coming. I Im waiting for you to come. m waiting for you to come. 提高句子档次的小结：提高句子档次的小结： 1. 1. 用分词短语合并句子用分词短语合并句子 用介词短语合并句子用介词短语合并句子 用独立主格结构合并句子用独立主格结构合并句子 用连接词连接句子用连接词连接句子2. 2. 用高级结构和词汇用高级结构和词汇3. 3. 用定语从句、主语从句、强调句、倒装句用定语从句、主语从句、强调句、倒装句4. 4. 用不同结构和词汇用不同结构和词汇