初二英语宾语从句(1).ppt

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1、初三首轮复习句法初三首轮复习句法复合句复合句 宾语从句宾语从句复合句概念概念 复合句也称复合句也称主从句主从句，即主句和从句，即主句和从句，从句须有从句须有引导词引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既起句不成立。由于连词既起连接连接主句和从句主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中句中充当充当一定的一定的成份成份，有一定的意义，故，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。 初中阶段复合句初中阶段复合句 1.宾语从句宾语从句 2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句 宾语从句在

2、及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：语，如： I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句主句从句从句引导词引导词 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：在以下几个方面： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态。一. 宾语从句的种类1. 由由that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾

3、语从句。that只有语法作只有语法作用，用，没有没有实在的实在的意义意义，在口语和非正式文，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由由连接代词连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和和连接副词连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中句

4、。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当充当某个某个成分成分。例如：。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：。例如： I want to know if (whethe

5、r) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。1. whether引导的从句常可以与引导的从句常可以与连词连词or或或or not直直接连用。如：接连用。如： 正：正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误：误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到当宾语从句提到句首句首时，只能用时，只能用whether引导。引导。如：如： 正：正： Whether it is true o

6、r not, I cant tell. 误：误： If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带可以引导带to的不定式的不定式。如：。如： 正：正： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误：误： I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于及其引导的成分可放于介词之后介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：作介词的宾语。如： 正：正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误：误： I wor

7、ry about if I hurt her feelings. 二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序陈述句的语序。例如。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从句，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么

8、时态。如：该用什么时态就用什么时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that

9、he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理，其时，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around

10、the sun.如何改为宾语从句A.三关三关1. 引导词关引导词关陈述句，引导词用陈述句，引导词用that（that在口在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；语或非正式文体中常省略）；一般疑问句，引导词用一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词的疑问代词/副词。副词。2. 语序关语序关陈述句陈述句变为宾语从句，变为宾语从句，语序不变语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was a

11、n honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.注意：有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序1.Who went there yesterday? Mary wanted to know. Mary wanted to know who went there yesterday. 2

12、.Whats the matter with the clock? He wondered. He wondered what was the matter with the clock.3. 时态关时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no

13、classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound. B.人称的变化和标点的使用人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是从句的主语如果是第一人称第一人称，变为宾语从句则与，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称第二人称，则与主句的，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是宾语一致；如果是第三人称第三人称

14、，不用变化。如：，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I knew her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：如： Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I d

15、ont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？其他问题A)if和和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如：析一下。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come. （时间状语从句）（时间状语从句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）（宾语从句）if表示表示“如果，要如果，要是

16、是”if表示表示“是否是否”B)从句的简化从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感等感官动词时，从句常简化为官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补宾语宾补”结构，结构，宾补为不带宾补为不带to的不定式或的不定式或V-ing形式。如：形式。如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground. She found the wallet lie on the ground.She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. She found the wallet l

17、ying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从等，且主句主语与从句句主语相同主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为

18、语从句可简化为“连接代词连接代词/副词不定式副词不定式”结构。如：结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？中考范例 1. (2004年北京市中考试题年北京市中考试题)Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived【解析】答案：【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序

19、和时态。宾语从句应该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：【解析】答案：D。 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾

20、语从句在这个句子里应用陈实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。述句的语序和一般过去时。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题年哈尔滨市中考试题)I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave【解析】答案：【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。在语序和时态上符合要求。4. (2004年常州市中考试题年常州市中考试题)-We

21、 dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives hereC. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和和B可以排除掉。可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有的语序不对，只有C正确。正确。5.（2004年青海西宁）年青海西宁） Were not sure

22、 if it _ tomorrow. If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.A.will snow；snows B.will snow；will snowC.snows；snows D.snows；will snow解析：答案为解析：答案为A项。项。题干中前句题干中前句if引导的是引导的是宾语从句宾语从句，后句，后句if引导的是引导的是条条件状语从句件状语从句，故选，故选A项。项。 6. （2005年山东烟台）年山东烟台）I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单（改为简单句）句）I dont kno

23、w what _ _ with the letter.解析：当主句谓语动词是解析：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可语从句可简化简化成成“疑问词（连接代词副词疑问词（连接代词副词+不定式（短不定式（短语）语）”结构，故空白处填结构，故空白处填to do。to do将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)These flowers are f

24、rom Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. that were that travels3)There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4)

25、Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. that would be if they can speak5)Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6)Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. ifare playing

26、whetherhe hadfinished his7)How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8)Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? how many people we can see where she park9)What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered

27、_ _ often _ about.10)Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.what he talkedwhoknocked11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _ _. ifliveswhat hisnam

28、ewas13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.whenthetrainarriveswhetherwantedwhetherwas

29、变人称 ， 语序为陈述语序，标点，时态 看看下面的题 1).How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me? (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me how _ _ on with his new classmates? 2).What is he doing there? Mother didnt know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Mother didnt know what _ _doing there. 3).Youd better ask your mother whether

30、is it cheap enough before you try it on.(改错) 4)Whats his name? I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） I asked him what _ _ _. 5)Why didnt he look happy? Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me why _ _ look happy? 6)Does he still live in that street? I dont know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I dont know _ he still _

31、in that street. 7)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out? （改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Did you find out whose children the old woman _ _ after? 8)The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上） My sister told me _ the moon_ round the earth. 9) I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错） 10). Do you want to try something new。 Toms mother asked him.(同义句转换) Toms mother asked him_ _ _to try something new. 3回答者： 气