高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1920.docx

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1、高二英语教材学问点总结及重难点解析Unit19-20重点句型1. She dressed herself as a lawyers clerk.2. I offer you six times what you have just offered.3. I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.4. You shall get justice.5. Its silly of sb. to do sth.6. He has no choice but to cry.7. Id come to if 1 had time to spare.8

2、. I offer ten times the money that Antonio has borrowed.9. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a dis- tance of 380 kilometres.10. In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age.重点词汇1. merchant n. 商人2. deny v. 否认3. enemy n. 敌人4. reasonable adj.

3、符合情理的5. weakness n. 弱点6. judgement n. 推断7. gentleman n. 绅士8. greeting n. 问候9. envy vt. & n. 嫉妒10. accuse vt. 指控11. fortune n. 时机12. bargain n. & adj. 讨价还价(的)13. bless vt. 保佑14. legal adj. 法定的15. deed n. 行动16. requirement n. 须要17. declare vt. 宣布18. court n. 法庭19. justice n. 公正20. therefore adv. 因此21.

4、 worthy adj. 值得的22. mercy n. 慈爱23. punish vt. 惩处24. order vt. & n. 吩咐25. emperor n. 皇帝26. clothing n. 衣服27. dozen n. (一) 打28. spare adj. 额外的 vt. 腾出29. average adj. 平均的30. accompany vt. 陪伴31. quality n. 数量32. square adj. 平方的 n. 广场重点短语1. pay back 归还2. have mercy on 对表示怜悯3. at the mercy of 任由摆布4. go ab

5、out 着手干5. as far as I know 就我所知6. tear up 撕毁7. go down on ones knees 跪下8. tend to 趋于9. in terms of 就而言10. in the eyes of 在看来11. 1end a hand 扶植12. serve as 作为13. may / might as well do sth. 还是做某事好14. be seated 就座15. take sb. in one s arms 拥抱某人16. have a hand in 插手短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你依据汉语在横线上填人一个

6、正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你确定能过关，做好了闯关的打算吗?那么我们就开场吧?1. pay _ 归还；报答2. have mercy _ 对表示怜悯3. go _ 开场做；着手干4. as _ as I know 就我所知5. tear _ 撕毁；取消(合同等)6. _ the mercy of任由摆布或限制7. go down _ ones knees 跪下8. tend _ 朝某方向；趋于9. _ terms of 就而言；用的话；以的观点10. in the _ of在看来11. lend a _ 扶植12. serve _ 作为；当作13. dig _ 挖出；掘起14. h

7、ave a _ in 参及；插手；对某事负局部责任15. remind sb _ sth 使某人想起；提示16. have sb _ your power 使某人在你的限制下17. date to (=date from) 追溯到18. take _ 发生19. be _ 坐下20. cut _ 切断；割掉；剪掉21. offer _ 奉献；献出；献上22. take _ 拿走；拿开23. send _ 让走开24. _ least反正；无论如何；至少25. link. 把和联络起来交际用语1. Correct me if Im wrong, but .2. One of the most i

8、mportant facts is .3. As far as I know .4, You shouldnt forget that .5. You could, for example6. What shouldnt be forgotten is .7. I wonder what I who .8. Id like to know more about ,.9. What Id really like to find out is .10. I m curious about .单词聚焦13. accompany vt.1) 陪伴 She accompanied me to the d

9、octors. / The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.2) 伴随 Lightning usually accompanies thunder.3) 伴奏 The well-known singer W&S accompanied at the electrical organ by his school teacher.7. bargain1) bargain n. 交易，合同交易；协议；廉价买到的东西A bargains a bargain. / He made a bargain with his w

10、ife You take care of the children and Ill cook. / This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price. / Its a real bargain.2) bargain vi. (常及with，for连用) 讲价；谈条件 If you bargain with them they might reduce the price, she bargain- ed with the trader till he sold her the fruit cheaply.比拟charge n. 费用，价钱；v.

11、 要价，收费 charge sb some money for (doing) sth. 因做某事向人索价此外，charge还可作“看管，负责”解。take charge (of sb. / sth.) 照管，管理in charge (of sb. / sth.) 照管，管理in the charge of sb. 在的管理之下Who is in charge here? = Who takes charge here?This project is in the charge of Mr. Smith.11. dozendozen n. pl. (dozen，dozens) (作为实数及用作

12、定语时，复数不加“s”) 一打，十二个 (pl. dozens) 若干；几十；很多 several dozen exercise-books 几打练习本 / some dozen (of) people 约十二个人 / some dozens of people 几十个人 / pack pencils in dozens 按打包装铅笔习惯用语：by the dozen 按打计算 / Ive bought a dozen eggs for dinner tonight. / The institute has dozens of telescopes through which we can o

13、bserve the satellites tra- velling in space.3. envy嫉妒；艳羡(1) vt. Better be envied than pitied. 宁可让人嫉妒，不要让人怜悯。/ I envy him his success. 我很艳羡(嫉妒)他的胜利。(2) n. They only say such unkind things about you out ofenvy. 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。/ He was filled with envy at my success. 他非常艳羡(嫉妒)我的胜利。搭配： feel envy at. 对感

14、到嫉妒 out of envy 出于嫉妒艳羡 envy sb 嫉妒艳羡某人 envy sb sth = envy ones sth 嫉妒艳羡某人某事I dont envy you your journey in this bad weather. 我并不艳羡你在这种坏天气去旅行。【考例1】I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the _ of all my classmates.A. admire B. wish C. respect D. envy考察目的 考察词语在详细语境中的用法。答案及解析D .is the envy of sb. 意为

15、“是某人所艳羡的”。【考点lO】expect 的用法构词： expectation n. C；U 意料；预期；期盼；期望；渴望 unexpected adj. 未意料到的句型： expect that clause 以为；认为；期望 expect to do sth 期望干某事 expect sb to do sth 期盼某人做某事 sb didnt expect sb to do sth 没料到某人会干某事 expect so / not料想如此不会如此 .as / than (sb) expected 如意料比意料更 as is / was / might be expected；as m

16、ight have been expected果真；不出所料；正如所料 had expected to do sth 表示“本渴望(本想)，但未实现”。 beyond (ones) expectation 出乎(某人)意料；料想不到；较预期的更大好辨析：desire；expect；hope；want；wish该组词均可表达愿望，但：expect表示“期盼。期望，渴望”，有把握，有依据地认为某事将要发生或期盼某事的发生，着重信任或认为有客观可能。hope表示想做某事或期望出现某种有利的结果，隐含这种渴望可以实现，意为“渴望于某事”。want为一般口语用词，指对满意某种实际须要的渴求。wish表示

17、一种心愿和渴望，渴望的程度比desire弱，或表示一种不能实现的愿望，也用来表示对人的祝愿。desire既可作动词。也可作名词。最正式、肃穆，强调感情的剧烈和热切，强调“主观愿望的热切性”，含有“剧烈渴望做某事”的意思。例如：He desires a college education. 他想受高校教化。/ I expect that well succeed this time. 我想这次我们确定会胜利。/ I hope everything goes well with your work. 祝你工作如意，事事顺心。/ I dont want your child to be spoile

18、d. 我不愿你的孩子被宠坏。/ I wish I had tried more things at college. 我以前读高校时，若能多尝试一些事情多好。/ How I wish I could buy a house like that. 啊，假设我能买一栋那样的房子该多好。友谊提示：expect表示“期盼，期望，渴望”，有把握、有依据地认为某事将要发生或期盼某事的发生，着重信任或认为有客观可能。【考例10】(2004北京春招) I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expectedC.

19、 hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting考察目的考察expect的时态所表示的含义。答案及解析C I hadnt expected 表示“我当时没有意料到”，及过去的事实状况相反。4. fortune n. 时机；运气make a fortune 发财致富 / push ones fortune 追求名利，努力抬高自己的地位；力图发迹 / run a fortune 冒风险 / seek ones fortune 寻求出路，力图发迹 / try ones fortune 碰运气 He made a considerable fortune selling waste

20、 materials. 他靠卖废料发了大财。/ Fortune favours the brave.【考点9】hand的用法构词： handshake n. C 握手 handstand n. C手倒立 handtruck n. C手推车 handwriting n. U笔迹，书法 handful n. C (一)把；少数。少量 handkerchief n. C手帕 handbag n. C女用皮包，手提包 搭配： hold out ones hand 伸出手 hold ones hand 握着某人的手 reach (out) for.= reach (out) ones hand for.

21、伸手够 raise ones hand(s) = put up ones hand(s)举手 hand down 把传下去发下去 hand in 上交；递交；提交 hand out 分发；发放；散发 hand (over) to. 移交给，拿给(另一个) go hand in hand with 及齐头并进 by hand 手工；用手(区分于用机器等) hand in hand 并进；结合；手拉手；严密合作 from hand to hand 从一人之手转到别人之手 at hand 在手边；即将到来；即将降临；在近处 a green hand 生手；没有阅历的人 a handful of 少量

22、的；一把；很少的 be short of hands 缺人手 give / lend sb a hand (with sth) (在某方面)帮某人一下忙 shake hands with sb = shake ones hand = shake sb by the hand及某人握手 catch / take sb by the hand = catch / take ones hand抓住拉着某人的手 Hands up! 举起手来!(吩咐)比拟：Hands off! 请勿动手!(不要用手摸!) 句型： hand sb. sth = hand sth (on) to sb = hand (on

23、) sth to sb 把交给 on the one hand., on the other hand 一方面，(但)另一方面 (可连用，也可单独运用) (第一个the和第二个hand可以省略) have a hand in (doing) sth 参及；插手；对(干)某事负局部责任【考例9】(2004福建)Its certain that he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over考察目的考察 hand over 的意思。答案及解析C

24、 hand over.to sb 把移交给某人。【考点6】hope 的用法构词： hopeful adj. 有渴望的；有前途的 hopefully adv. 有渴望地 hopeless adj. 没有渴望的；不行救药的搭配： in the hope of = in hopes of = hoping 怀着的渴望 hope for sth 渴望；期盼句型： hope to do sth (既表示愿望又表示对此很有把握)渴望 hope that clause 渴望；预祝 (be) in the hope / hopes of doing sth 渴望 (be)in the hope / hopes

25、 that clause 渴望 express the / ones hope to do sth 渴望 express the / ones hope that clause 渴望 It is hoped that. = Hopefully.人们渴望 I hope so. 我渴望如此。 I hope not. 我渴望没有。(我渴望不。) had hoped to do sth 或had hoped that sb would do sth 表示“本渴望(本想)，但未实现” There is little / no / not much hope of (doing) sth 干某事的渴望不大

26、I s there little / no / not much hope that.? 没有干某事的渴望 / 可能吗? Is there any hope of doing sth? Is there any hope that? 有十某事的渴望吗?辨析：desire；expect；hope；want：wish (见本讲考点10)友谊提示：千万不行运用hope sb to do sth 构造。【考例6】(2004江苏)- You havent lost the ticket, have you?- _. I know its not easy to get another one at th

27、e moment.A. I hope not B. Yes, I haveC. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so考察目的考察语境中的交际用语。答案及解析A 依据上下文的语境可以得出答案。1. mercy n. 慈爱、怜悯They showed little mercy to the enemies. 他们对敌人毫不怜悯。/ We were treated with mercy. 人们对待我们很慈爱。have mercy on 对表示怜悯 She was so kind that the showed much mercy on the poor. 她很慈爱对穷人很怜

28、悯。at the mercy of 任由摆布，受限制 She is at the mercy of her emotions. 她完全受自己感情的支配。【考点2】order 的用法搭配： obey orders 听从吩咐 in order that 为了；以便 in order to 为了；以便 in order 整齐；按依次；有条理 out of order 失灵，出故障 take orders from sb = take ones orders 承受吩咐 send orders to sb 传令给 give an order 下吩咐 take / have ones order 请某人点

29、菜 keep order 维持秩序 have orders 奉命句型： order sb. to do sth 吩咐某人干某事 order sth to be done 吩咐干某事 order (that) sh / sth (should) + V. 吩咐干某事 order sb sth 给某人订购某物 in order to do sth; in order that-clause 为了 We used the computer in order to save time. = We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我

30、们运用计算机是为了节约时间。 There came an order that.= An order came that. 传来吩咐 May I take / have your order? 你点菜吗?(饭店效劳员用语)辨析：command；direct；order三词均意为“吩咐”，但command语气较强，多用于正式的场合。direct语气较弱。order语气较强，但比拟局限和详细，多用于军事指挥中，接宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。例如：The men did as their officer had commanded. 士兵遵照长官的吩咐行事。/ The general directed

31、that his men should retreat. 将军吩咐他的部下撤退。/ The police ordered the demonstrators to stop. 警方吩咐示威者停顿前进。【考例2】(1996上海)- I wonder if I could use your telephone. - _.A. I wonder how B. I dont wonderC. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is考察目的考察交际用语。答案及解析C out of order 表示“出故障”。【考点4】pay的用法构词： pay

32、phone 公用 payday 发薪日 pay envelope 工资袋 well-paid 高薪的 搭配： pay back 归还归还(借款等)；报答；报复；回敬 pay for sth 付钱；支付；为付m(代价) pay off (ones debts) 还清(债务) pay sb back for. 报答某人什么 pay ones debt 还账 pay.a visit = pay a visit to 访问；探望 get / be paid = get ones pay 领工资；得到酬劳 pay taxes / rent / the bill 纳税交租金付账 pay ones resp

33、ects to sb 向某人表示敬意 pay attention to 留意 句型： pay sb some money for (doing) sth 干某事付给某人多少钱 pay sb + 钱付给某人多少钱 pay for (doing) sth 为(干)某事付钱 pay + 钱 + for (doing) sth 为(干)某事付多少钱 pay sb to do sth 雇某人干某事 辨析：fee；pay；salary；wagesalary 指定期发放的工资，常以一个月或一年为期限，多为白领工作人员或管理部门的人员的工资wage 多用复数wages，指体力劳动者的工资，指每周所发的工资或计

34、时计件工资pay 指发给军人或其他公务员的“薪水”，常常指永久性的、定期付给确定数量的钱fee指为某种专业效劳而付出的钱(如付给律师的)。例如：The fee for the concert is 100 yuan. 音乐会的票价是100元。We cant afford private school fees. 我们负担不起私立学校的学费。Its a dirty job but the pay is good. 这是份很脏的工作，但工资不错。My salary is paid directly into my bank account. 我的薪金是干脆拨入我的银行户头的。Whats the a

35、verage wage in this country? 这个国家的平均工资是多少?【考例4】(NMET 1998)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay考察目的考察 get paid 的含义。答案及解析C get paid 领工资；得到酬劳。【考点8】serve 的用法构词： service n. 效劳 servant n. 仆人，佣人 service-charge tip n. 效劳费，小费 a service industry 一种效劳性行业 搭配：

36、 serve sb heart anti soul 一心一意为人民效劳 serve as / for 某物当用；用作；起作用 serve ones turn / need / purpose 合适某人的目的 /须要 / 心愿 serve in the army 服役 provide good after-sales service 供应优质 community service 社区效劳 go into service 投入运用；去帮佣 in service 当佣人；在职；服兵役；运用中 do sb a (great) service 帮某人个(大)忙；给某人.(大)忙 be at ones s

37、ervice 听候某人叮嘱；听凭某人运用At your service. 愿为您效劳；听候您的叮嘱 句型： serve sb (with) sth = serve sth to sb 拿用款待款待某人 Can I be of (any) service to you? 我能帮你什么忙吗? be of service to. 对有用有扶植有好处【考例8】(NMET 1993)In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served考察目的 考察固定短语。

38、答案及解析B 考察 be served with 固定短语。6. so young a body说明在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a / an通常放在adj. 的前面。但是，假设adj.前有so, too, how, quite 时，a / an应放 adj. 的后面。其构造是：so / too / how / quite + adj. + a / an + n.。He is so good a student. / It is too difficult a job for me.12. spare1) adj. 备用的，多余的，剩余的 a spare tire 备用轮胎 / spa

39、re cash 余款 If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight? / Have you any spare time to help me?2) n. 节约，抽出 spare no effort / pain 不遗余力 / spare no expense 不惜工本 / Please spare me your opinions, just tell me the facts. / Can you spare this time to help me? / Can you spare me this book for a while? 搭配： in

40、 ones spare time 在空余时间；在业余时间 spare no pains / efforts to do sth 不遗余力地去做某事 spare ones energy 节约精力【考例3】(2005湖北)They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _.A. spare B. catch C. leave D. make考察目的考察几个刚好间名词搭配的动词含义。答案及解析A 题意为“他们动身晚了，只剩下几分钟的时间赶往机场”。to spare = be able to afford to give (ti

41、me, money, etc.) 意为“多余。余富”。【考点5】turn 的用法 构词：turning n. C拐弯处，拐角处搭配： turn around / round 转过身；转过来 turn away 把打发走；辞退；回绝；把脸扭开 turn down 关小；调低；回绝 turn green 变绿 turn in 上缴；移交给警察 turn off 关掉(自来水、电灯、收音机等)；切断 turn on 开；旋开(电灯、无线电等) turn over 翻到；翻身；翻(书页)；翻动；翻耕(土地)；把翻一翻；移交(工作)；转让(公司) turn to 翻到；转向；求救于；求助于 turn u

42、p 调大；出现；到达；找到；转弯；转向 turn.into. 把变成 wait ones turn 等着轮到某人 by turns 轮番地依次 turn out 结果证明是；消费 turn into 进入 in turn 依次；反过来(表示比照)句型： turn + n. = become a / an / the + n. 变成 turn + adj. (green / yellow / deaf) 变得 Its ones turn to do sth = Now comes ones turn to do sth 轮到某人干某事了；该某人干某事一般疑问句：Is it ones turn t

43、o do sth?特殊疑问句：Whose turn is it to do sth?take turns (at) doing sth / to do sth = take ones turn to do sth = do sth by turns = do sth in turn 轮番千某事“(结果)证明”可表达为：.turn out (to be) + 名词或形容词；It turns / turned out that + 句子。例如：The meeting turned out to be a great success. 结果会议开得很胜利。= It turned out that t

44、he meeting was a great success. 辨析：become; get; go; grow; turn该组词作系动词用时， 均表示改变，但become意为“变成，成为， 转为”，多用于书面语，多指有一种状态向另一种状态的改变，所表示的改变过程往往已经完成，其后可接形容词、名词等作表语。get意为“变成，起来”，多用于口语，多指由一种状态变成另一种状态，表示短时间的状态改变，其后接形容词、不定式或如今分词等作表语。go常指由好变坏或由正常状况变成特殊状况。如：go bad / blind / mad / crazy / wrong / red变坏 /变瞎 / 变疯 / 出缺

45、点 / (气得脸)变红；表示短时间的状态改变，其后接形容词等作表语。grow有“渐渐变成新状态”之意，强调改变过程。turn意为“变成”，表示成为完全不同的事物，强调改变的结果。其后可接形容词作表语，一般表示东西变质，人或天气变坏及颜色的改变等，后接名词时，名词前无冠词。例如：Johnson has become a lawyer, but Michael remains a waiter at a hotel. Johnson已做了律师，可Michael却还在一家宾馆当效劳员。/ Dont get too excited! 不要太激烈! / Meat goes bad easily in summer. 肉在夏天易变坏。/ The smoke grew thicker. 烟变得更浓了。/ The milk turned sour.