高考英语二轮复习考点讲解：完形填空.docx

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1、精品法统教育教学资料，需要可下段使用！高考完形填空的命题特点：一、选材特点1 .以叙为主，叙议结合高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文。2 .短文词数在210-320之间对考生的阅读语速有一定要求。二、设题特点近几年高考完形填空题的一个显著特点是突出语篇。吃透短文的大意是正确答题的基础。从每个小题 的设计来看，只需读懂设空所在句便可找到答案的题目所占的比例很小，需要通过上下文来考虑的题目每 年要占70%以上，其中需要从全文角度考虑的占1/3以上，这些都表达了“突出语篇”的命题思路。选项设计的一个显著特点是以考查实词为主，包括动词、形容词、副词

2、、名词、代词等词类，占全部 题H的85%以上。首句完整，主题明确。完形填空题所选短文般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生能迅速进 入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。短文都有比拟明确的主题。全文围绕这个主题阐述和展开。三、解题技巧完形填空答题时必须遵循“整体局部整体”的步骤，要先完其意后完其形。注重整合注重上下文 信息关联，做到瞻前顾后。1、跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题一般说来，完形填空题的首尾句是不设空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜测它要讲什么。如果 一开始就讲明了 when, where, who, what,即四个w,那么就是记叙文。假设首句是提出或解释说明某事物， 一般

3、来说是说明文：假设首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。2、通读全文，掌握主旨大意边读边填独立题（包括词类搭配、近义词辨析、语法类）和前提试题，了解全文，把握大意。积极思维， 根据初步结论、按照不同文体的写作特点，找准信息词，存储上文信息，以帮助解决下文空格。要注意词 与词、句与句之间的各种连接和修饰关系，留心词汇的习惯搭配，尤其是所选择的词在具体语境中确实切 含义。3、寻求搭配，通顺逻辑固定搭配是完形填空的常考题，如动词与介词的搭配，动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,52. A.cal led52. A.cal ledB. copiedC. countedD. remembered【答案

4、】A【解析】利用生活常识解题。根据前面的“The ad had a phone number fbr a town in southern Michigan.可 知，既然寻狗启事上有 号码，故Ehlers应是打 （call）告诉Jeff和Lisa,即狗的主人，他发现了他们 的狗。技法七排除技巧别忘记做完形填空题时，当你用尽了几乎所有的方法都不能找出答案时，还有一个方法，那就是排除法。将 选项分别代入原文进行判断，只要所选选项在句意、词语搭配、褒贬词性、上下文文风等方面有一方面不 符合，就可以判断该选项不符合该空，从而排除。例 7. （2018浙江卷 6 月）We have all heard

5、how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have loo much lime?36. A.trueB. fair C. strange D. possible【答案】D【解析】分析可知，句意为“我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但拥有大把的时间是可能（possible）的 吗”？将四个选项分别代入原文，可知D项符合语境。1.【2019全国卷H】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-centra

6、l Iowa to Ehlers, home in Minnesota. During the longtrip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen42alongside the road. He had 43 to coax（哄）lhe dog to him but, frightened, it had 44.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, four days later, he called hi

7、s friend Greg, and（he two drove 46. After a long and careful 47. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving48 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49. It just started licking（舔）Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like

8、one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a51 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dogoff. Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the nex

9、t four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. Its good to know theres still someone out there who 56 enough to go to that kind of 57 Jsavs Lisa of Ehlers, rescue 58.I figured whoever lost (he dog was probably just as59to it a

10、s I am to my dogs,“ says Ehlers. tkIf ithad been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be 60to go that extra mile.”41. A. readB. forgotC. thoughtD. heard42. A. readB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping43 A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted44. A. calmed downB. stood upC. rolled overD. run off45. A. inj

11、uredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on47. A. preparationB. explanationC. testD. search48. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily49. A. surpriseBJoyC. hesitationD. anxiety50. A. predictedB. advertisedC. believedD. recorded51. A. houseB. phoneC. streetD. car52. A. called

12、B. copiedC.countedD. remembered53. A. fedB. adoptedC. foundD. cured54. A. huntedB. skiedC. livedD. worked55. A. on purposeB. on timeC. in turnD. in vain56. A. caresB. seesC. suffersD. learns57. A. placeB. troubleC. wasteD. extreme58. A. serviceB. planC. effortD. team59. A. equalB. allergicC. gratefu

13、lD. close60. A. suitableB. proudC. wiseD. wiling【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丧失的小狗，最终帮它找到 了主人。41.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直 在想关于那只狗的事，ihink about考虑。应选C。42.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。 应选B。43.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try tod。sth尽力做某事。故 选Ao44.D【

14、解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑 了，run。/跑开”的意思。应选D。45.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丧失的，因此此处用lost“丧失”。故 选C。46.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打 ，他们俩又驱 车返回。根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。 应选C。47.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他 们在仔细寻找小狗,search寻找。应选D。48.A（解析】考查副词词

15、义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nen-ousness, fear等词并结合上文并根据 下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。应选A。49.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析.根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy 开心。应选B。50.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丧失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。应选B。5LB【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers

16、给狗的主人打 可知，此处是指广告上有 号码， phone number 号码。应选B。52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa （狗的主人）打了 ，call打 。应选A。53.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打 是要告知他找到了他们的狗, find找到。应选C。54.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打 猎。应选A。55.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丧失后没有找到他的狗, in vain徒劳

17、。应选D。56.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的 事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。应选A。57.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空 托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。应选B。58.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力， effort努力。应选C。59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。 根据卜

18、文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。应选D。60.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此 处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮助，be willing io do乐意做某事。故 选D2.【2019全国卷01】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get

19、direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 41 six months out of the year.Of course, we 42it when the sun is shining,1 says Karin Ro, who works fbr the towifs tourismoffice. *We see the sky is43. but down in the valley its darker its like on a 44 day.”But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46

20、was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan47 their very firstray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48. Themirrors are controlled by a computer ihal 49 them to turn along with

21、the sun ihroughout (he 50 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central51. creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52、Rjukan residentsgathered together.“People have been53there and standing there and taking 54 of

22、each other, Ro says. The(own square was totally55. I think almost all the people in the (own were (here. The 3,500 residentscannot all 56 (he sunshine a( (he same time. 57. the new light feels like more (han enough forthe towns 58 residents.Its not very 59 J she says, but it is enough when we are 60

23、41. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely42. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice43. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide44. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm45. A. helpedB.changedC.happenedD. mattered46. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras47. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined4

24、8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use49. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows50. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year51. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street52. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped53. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting54. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold55. A. newB. fullC. flatD. s

25、ilent56. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store57. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly58. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved59. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy60. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了 一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照

26、射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添 一丝明亮。41.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅;B. obviously 显然地;C. nearly几乎;D. precisely准确 的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，应选C。42.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕;B. believe相信;C. hear听见;D. notice注意。根据后 文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley its darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色 ，但是

27、到山谷的时 候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，应选D。43.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.emply空的；B. blue蓝色的；C high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识 可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，应选B。44.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温 暖的。根据前文down in ihe valley its darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，应选A。45.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助;B. changed改变：C. ha

28、ppened发生;D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，应选B。46.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑;B. telescopes望远镜;C. mirrors镜子;D. cameras 相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知， 为一枚镜子，应选C。47.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到； D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居

29、民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，应选C。48.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B.isk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前 一句their veiy first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了， 应选Do put sth to use把某物投入使用。49.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这峻镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而 移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows 跟随，追随。本句描

30、述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，应选B。50.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知, 太阳光出现在白天，应选A。51.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆;B. hall大厅;C. square广场；D. street街道。根据 后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，应选Co52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去;D. stopped停止。 根据后文Rjukan resid

31、ents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，应选A。53.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶;B. hiding隐藏;C. camping露营;D. silting坐。根 据本句and standing there可知,光照出现的时候,人们会出来活动，坐在那里,站在那里，应选D。54.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片,图片;B. notes笔记;C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，应选A。55.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. s

32、ilent沉默的。根据后文 I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故 选B。56.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid防止：C. enjoy喜欢，享受：D.slore储存。根据 句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，应选C。57.B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替;B. However然而;C. Gradually逐渐地;D. Similarly相 似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，

33、新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅 仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，应选B。58.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nalure-loving热爱自然的：B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten 受风雨侵蚀的：D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴 望阳光，应选D.59.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的;B. clear清晰的;C. cold冷的;D. easy容易的。根据前文 可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，应选A。60.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. w

34、aiting 等待;C. watching 观看；D. sharing分 享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，应选D。3.12019北京卷】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-

35、ycar-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students fbr the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people. Wilson has 13 am astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school. The students

36、 who hes 15 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students16 call him “Grandpa”.Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson fbr all her four years in college and the trips meant much mo

37、reto her than just free 18. Its not just a ride； youre not just sitting there in 19 silence or withyour headphones on. Stem said. He asks you questions and actually 20 the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell 21 those things.Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support prog

38、ramme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of

39、 certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely 26 fbr them to be able to comple

40、te their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29. “I just love drivingand I lo

41、ve these kids, Wilson said. ICs such a(n) 3() to be a part of these kids5 lives, even just fbr a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.11. A. linkingB.sendingC. offeringD. distributing12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wandere

42、d14. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. negotiationsD. wandered15. A. metB. drivenC. addressedD. conversations16. A. evenB. everC. onceD. already17.A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. demanded18. A. transportationB. styleC. timeD. communication19. A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious20. A. selectsB.

43、 recitesC. guessesD. remembers21. A. act onB. settle onC.check onD. agree on22. A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. programme23. A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards24. A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warm25. A. expectsB. attemptsC. managesD. hesitates26. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. adequate27. A. shareB. f

44、uelC. repairD. exchange28. A. requiredB. allowedC. remindedD. convinced29. A. experienceB. arrangementC. appreciationD. employment30. A. effortB. ambitionC. privilegeD. convenience【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章表达了 76岁的Paul Wilson八年来免费接送低收入的学生上学的感 人事迹。11.C根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给 那些学生提

45、供免费的乘车服务。故C选项正确。12.D根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D选项正确。13.BWilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程“，应用cover。B选项 正确。14.DWilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间肯定有“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。15.B根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该 空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”，故B选项正确。drive意为“驾车送（人

46、）16.A因此选择必须根据具体的上下文作出合理的判断。4、根据词汇意义及用法辨析词义、确定答案完形填空题虽然淡化对语法的考查，但对语言点的考查依然存在，主要表达在词汇搭配和意义辨析两 个方面。弄清它们之间的细微差异有助于提高答题的正确率。ill separate/divide, cheap/cheaply, wide/widely, still/quiet/calm/ silent等。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇 意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。5、结合生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理完形填空往往为自身的内容提供完整的语言信息，其间交织渗透各类相关的

47、文化背景知识和生活常识, 考查学生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识，还要能驾驭全文，弄清 文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不是很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。6、查漏补缺，反复推敲，调整答案复读时，要根据文章的中心去判断所选答案是否符合逻辑，是否服务于文章的主题，有无语法或搭配 错误。审读过程中，如果遇到不畅之处，必有一点，应从词义和逻辑两方面权衡优劣，从而纠正错误，弥 补疏漏。对于仍拿不准的个别选项，应坚持自己的第一感觉。完形填空的答题策略如下：一、语境化选择题1 .抓住首句由于完形填空短文的首句通常不设空，我们可以通过细读首句，推断出全文的主旨，并在主旨的指引 下进