考点17 非谓语动词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.docx

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1、考点17非谓语动词命题趋势：非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分 值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点：1 .动词不定式；.动名词；2 .分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保存动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、 动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。（构成：to +动词原形作用：作除谓语外的任何成分一 构成：u-.ing/u.-ed（规那么动词）动词的非谓语形式分词一作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词v作用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不

2、定式1.动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为防止“头重脚轻”常用it作形 式主语。常用句型有：It is +adj.+for/of sb.+（not）to do sth.意为做某事对某 人来说是”。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一 门语言是不容易的。Ao2020 上海市】The engineers will keep the project with the manager of the com

3、pany.A. discussB. discussedC. discussingD. to discuss【答案】c【解析】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个工程。考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般 过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；ke叩doing sth继续做某事，可知此处 填动名词；应选C。17. 2020 上海市】Doctors tell us our hands before and after every meal.A. washB. washedC. washingD. to wash【答案】D【解析】

4、句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后耍洗手.考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人 做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。应选D。18. 2020 四川攀枝花】The doctor warns Jack stop because it is bad for hishealth.A. to; smoking B. not; to smoke C. to; to smoke D. not to; smoking【答案】A【解析】句意：医生告诫杰克要戒烟，因为这对他的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。smoking动名词；to smoke 动词不定式。第一空是固定用法warnsb.to

5、dosth.,意为“告诫某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，根 据语境，可知是“要戒烟，排除BD；第二空根据固定搭配stop doing sth.,意为“停止做某事 动名词作宾 语，假设是stop to do sth.,动词不定式作宾语，那么意为“停下来去做某事，根据语境，可知是“停止吸烟。故 选Ao20.【2020 四川省遂宁市】Its important for us a healthy lifestyle.A. to keepB. keepC. keepingD. kept【答案】A【解析】句意：保持健康的生活方式对我们来说很重要。考查非谓语动词。to keep动词不定式；ke叩动词

6、原形；keeping动名词/现在分词；kept动词过去式。固定句式：its+形容词+for sb+to do sth对某人来说做某 事是”，句中让作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以空格处填tokeep。应选A。21. 2020 海南省】Frank and his friends had great fun volleyball on the beach yesterday.A. playB. playingC. to play【答案】B【解析】句意：弗兰克和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打排球玩得很开心。考查非谓语动词。play玩，动词原形; playing动词的ing形式；to play动词不定

7、式。句中have great fun doing sth做某事玩得很高兴，其后应接动 词的ing形式playingo应选B。22. 2020 黑龙江绥化】My teacher encouraged me English as much as possible.A. to speakB. speakC. speaking【答案】A【解析】句意：我的老师鼓励我尽量多说英语。考查非谓语动词。A. to speak动词不定式；B. speak动词原 形；C.speaking现在分词或动名词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事、符合句意, 应选Ao2020

8、镇江市】 A lot of museums in China are worth. If you have time, you can choose to go.A. visitedB. visitingC. to visitD. visit【答案】B【解析】句意：中国的很多博物馆值得参观。如果你有时间，你可以选择去。考查动名词。visited动词的过 去式；visiting动名词；to visit动词不定式；visit动词原形。此处用be worth doing表示“值得做某事”，此处 用动名词visitingo应选 用24.12020 南通市 JThey offered courses s

9、tudents know the importance of protecting the Huanghe River.A. helpB. helpedC. helpsD. to help【答案】D【解析】句意：他们开设课程来帮助学生了解保护黄河的重要性。考查非谓语动词。help是动词原形；helped 是过去式；helps第三人称单数形式；to help是动词不定式。结合句意，他们开设课程，是为了帮助学生了 解保护黄河的重要性，表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，应选D。25 . 2020 盐城市】The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature

10、Reserve the birds every year.A. to countB. countingC. countD. counts【答案】A【解析】句意：观鸟协会每年都去扎龙自然保护区统计鸟类数量。考查非谓语动词。to count动词不定式形 式；counting动名词或现在分词形式；count数数，计算总数，动词原形；counts是动词的第三人称单数形 式。根据句子结构可知，该空在句中作目的状语，表示“去扎龙自然保护区”的目的，应用动词不定式。应选 Ao.【2020湖北省恩施州My sister has gone to work in Beijing, not for money, b

11、ut herself.A. improveB. improvedC. to improve【答案】C【解析】句意：我姐姐去北京工作，不是为了钱，而是为了提高自己。此题考查非谓语动词。improve是动词原形；improved是过去分词；to improve是动词不定式。根据not for money可知，此处表示目的，因此用动词不定式，应选C。27 .【2020湖北省黄石市】He spent two hours his mother with housework last Sunday.A. helpingB. helpedC. to helpD. help【答案】A【解析】句意：上星期天他花

12、了两个小时时间帮妈妈做家务。考查非谓语动词。A. helping动名词或现在分词；B. helped过去式；C. to help动词不定式；D. help动词原形。 根据英语表达习惯，spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事，故help应用动名词形式, 应选Ao.【2020长沙市】 We are glad that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing somediseases.A. knowB. to knowC. knowing【答案】B【解析】句意：我们很高兴地知

13、道，中医在预防某些疾病方面可以发挥奇效。考查非谓语动词。know知道。 know动词原形；to know动词不定式；knowing动名词或动词的现在分词。结合选项可知句子是说“很高兴 知道”，作表语的形容词glad后接动词不定式作原因状语。应选B。28 .【2020益阳市】Diana used to to work, but now she is used to because the road iscrowded and she wants to keep fit.A. drive; walkB. drive; walkingC. driving; walk【答案】B【解析】句意：戴安娜过去

14、常常开车去上班，但现在她习惯步行，因为道路很拥挤，且她想保持健康。考查非谓语动词。drive开车，驾驶；walk步行。根据第一空前“used to”可知此处用used to do sth,表示“过去 常常做某事”，第一空用动词原形drive；根据第二空前“is used to”可知此处用be used to doing sth.表示习惯 于做某事”，第二空用动名词walking。应选B。29 .【2020怀化市一A lot of old people are lonely. What can we do to help them?I want the old peoples home to t

15、alk to them.A. visitB. to visitC. visiting【答案】B【解析】句意：很多老人都很孤独。我们能做些什么来帮助他们？我想去老人之家和他们聊聊。 考查非谓语。visit参观，动词原形；to visit参观，动词不定式；visiting参观，现在分词或动名词形式；根 据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“想要做某事，英语是wanttodosth.,是用不定式作宾语，所以这里应该 用 to visit,应选 B。30 . 2020* 内蒙古包头市the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day.A

16、. To finishB. FinishingC. FinishD. To be finished【答案】A【解析】句意：为了按计划完成这个工程，他们需要每天多工作两个小时。考查非谓语动词。To finish动词 不定式；Finishing动名词或现在分词形式；Finish完成，动词原形；To be finished动词不定式的被动形式。 根据句子结构可知，该空表示目的“为了.“，应用动词不定式作目的状语；主语they与动词finish是主动 关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式。应选A。Q模拟检测2020* 福建省泉州市二模】The doctor did what he could the gir

17、l who was badly injured in theaccident.A. saveB. savingC. to save【答案】C【解析】句意：医生尽他所能去救在事故中受伤的女孩。考查非谓语。save挽救，动词原形；saving挽救， 现在分词或动名词；t。save挽救，动词不定式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了挽救”，表达的 是目的，英语中不定式可以作目的状语，应选C。2 .【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】Tim is a helpful student in our class. He always helps the students in trouble,hims

18、elf popular among our teacher and classmates.A. makeB. madeC. making【答案】C【解析】句意：蒂姆是我们班上喜欢帮助别人的学生，他总是帮助有困难的学生，这使得他在我们老师和 同学中受欢迎。考查现在分词。make动词原形;made动词的过去式;making动词的现在分词。“ himself popular among our teacher and classmates这局部是结果状语，表示由前面得出的意料之内、情理之中的结果，用现 在分词making。应选C。3 .【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】Two sessions

19、2020 （两会）has said, Life is invaluable（无价的）.Thisis a price we must pay, and a price that is worth.A. to payB. payingC. paid【答案】B【解析】句意：2020年两会曾说：“生命是无价的。这是我们必须付出的代价，也是值得付出的代价。” 考查非谓语动词辨析。to pay付出，支付，动词不定式；paying动名词或现在分词形式；paid是pay的过去 式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了句型be worth doing sth. “值得做某事”，因此这里应 用动名词形式。应

20、选B。4 .【2020湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语三模】My mom always tells me: when things are a disappointment, be so discouraged.（气馁的）A. trying not toB. to try not toC. try not to【答案】C【解析】句意：我妈妈总是告诉我:当事情令人失望的时候，不要那么气馁。此题考查非谓语动词。trying not to是动名词或现在分词；to try not to是动词不定式；try not to是动词原形。when things are a disappointment 是when

21、引导的一个时间状语从句，与主句连用，动词原形开头的是祈使句，应选C。5 .【2020山东省济南市槐荫区二模】一 Did you have a good weekend?一Yes. I went to the countryside my grandparents.A. seeB. sawC. seeingD. to see【答案】D【解析】句意：你周末过得愉快吗？ 是的。我去乡下看望我的祖父母。考查动词不定式作目的状 语。see动词原形；saw动词过去式；seeing动名词；to see动词不定式。本句谓语动词是went to the countryside,后面跟非谓语动词，see和saw是

22、谓语动词，故排除A和B；根据句意可知看望祖父母是去 乡下的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，应选D。6 .【2020四|省乐山市峨眉 ill市二模】Mr Wang is good at cooking and has decided his ownrestaurant.A. openB. to openC. opening【答案】B【解析】句意：王先生擅长烹饪，已决定开自己的餐馆。考查动词不定式。“decide to do sth.”表示决定 做某事，此处用动词不定式作宾语。应选B。7 .【2020四川省泸州市泸县二模】Our teacher always tells us in the rive

23、r because its very dangerous.意为做某事花费某人多长时间作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan, decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等 think,find,believe 等动词可用于动词 +it+M：+to do sth. ”句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾 语是后面的不定式。I would like to

24、make friends with you. 我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam .我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻 辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物 动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的 名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambitionCan you give me a pen to w

25、rite with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ Do you have something to say?你有 什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结 果和原因。To do a good job,we must have theright tools.要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成 为一名工程师。2.不定式的特殊用法使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略t。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看

26、(look at, see, watch, notice) 五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的 to 那么要加上。动词不定式的否认形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。 Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要单独一人在河里游泳。常接疑问词+带 to 的不定式的动词有 teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget 等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday.昨天我妈妈教我

27、如何做饭。考向二：动名词(一)动名词的构成动名词是由”动词+-ing”构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。(二)动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use （good） +v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作 是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾 语的词有：avoid, finish, c

28、onsider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest, succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情， 我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用

29、法即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue,intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford 等动t司。有时两者之间的意义差异不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差异比拟明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词卜+ed（规那么动词）构成

30、。（-）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含 义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动 的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很 烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.! am interested in it.这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, fee

31、ling very tired.我疲惫地回到家里。，方法技巧非谓语动词解题七大原那么原那么一：用作目的状语，原那么上要用不定式。原那么二：用作伴随状语，原那么上要用-ing。原那么三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用ing,表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意 料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原那么四：但凡含有被动意义时，原那么上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，那么用不定式的 被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，那么用-ing的被动式。原那么五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原那么上应与主句主语保持一致。原那么六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动

32、作之前时，原那么上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing 的完成式)。原那么七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing,表示动作正在进行；用过去分词， 表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词(词组)想要，拒绝，忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助(like, agree, help)(4)希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(ke

33、ep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(carft help)还介意(mind).也跟踪训练I.适当形式填空(单句适当形式).How about(have) a party next Sunday.1 .Dad often ask me(not play) on the road.1.1 dont know how(express) my exciting feelings.4 .Mr, Green was so angry that h

34、e couldnt help(shout) at his wife.5 .We should avoid(disturb) others.6 .He was made(wash) the car himself.7 .We must take strong measure(protect)our environment.8.1 happened(meet) one of my friends in the street yesterday.9.Theres no need(leave) right now.10.1 ts our duty(protect) our planet.1 l.Fm

35、sorry(disturb) you.12 .Can you teach me how(surf)?13 .He promised(follow) the good suggestions.14.If you have a chance(study) here,you will learn more knowledge.15.Learn the new while(review) the old.【答案】1.having 2.not to play 3.to express 4.shouting 5.disturbing 6.to wash7.to protect 8.to meet9.to

36、leave 10,to protect11 .to disturb 12.to surf 13.following 14.to study 15.reviewingTI.单项选择。1.since the night before, I felt very hungry.A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anythingC. I hadnt eaten anythingD. Not having eaten anything2. We then listened to the child the article on the blackboar

37、d.A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 3.it with me and Fil see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave4.such a chance, why dont you have a try?A. To give B. Having C. GivenD. Giving 5.Five people were reported in the accident.A. to be kill

38、ed B. to killC. killedD. to have been killed6.is bad for his health.A. Mike smoking B. Mikes smoking C. Mike*s being smoking D. Mike smokes【答案】1-6 DDCDBC真题再现1. 2020 贵州省安网页市 With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways rivers to schools.A. to crossB

39、. crossingC. crossed【答案】A【解析】句意：随着交通的改善，一些小村庄的学生不再走索道过河上学。考查非谓语动词。tocross动词 不定式形式;crossing动名词形式;crossed动词过去分词形式。根据空前的go on ropeways结合选项动词cross 可知，此处是动词不定式表目的状语，走索道过河上学go on ropeways to cross rivers to schools符合句意。应选Ao2020 贵州铜仁市】一Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.一Jane, lets him.

40、A. helpsB. to helpC. helpingD. help【答案】D【解析】句意：一一康康快看！那个老人正在过马路。一一简，让我们去帮他。考查非谓语动词。helps 帮助,第三人称单数；to help不定式；helping动名词;help动词原形。根据“让某人做某事let sb do sth.”， 应选D。2. 2020 黑龙江省龙东地区】We should do what we can those people when they are in trouble.A. to helpB. helpedC. help【答案】A【解析】句意：当人们有困难的时候，我们应该尽我们所能去帮助

41、他们。考查非谓语动词。t。help动词不 定式；helped动词的过去式或过去分词；help动词原形。根据题干可知此处用do what one can to do sth.表示 “竭尽全力做某事”，此处用动词不定式to help作目的状语。应选A。3. 2020 江苏省苏州市】The doctors and nurses managed the lives of patients, though they didnt haveenough medicine.A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. to saving【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管医生和护士没有足够的药，他们还是设

42、法挽救了病人的生命。考查非谓语动词。save 挽救。save动词原形；saving动名词或动词的现在分词；to save动词不定式；to saving介词to+动名词。根 据题干中“managed”可知此处用manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”，用不定式to save作宾语。应选C。4. 2020 四川省成都市】一Why do many farmers put their products online these days?-them more easily.A. To sellB. SellC. Selling【答案】A【解析】句意： 为什么现在很多农民把他们的产品放到网

43、上？ 为了更方便的卖。考查非谓语动词。 To sell动词不定式；Sell动词原形；Selling动名词/现在分词形式。分析句意可知，前文询问原因，所以此 处表示“为了更方便的卖: 可用动词不定式表目的。应选A。5. 2020 四 I达州 市 J Our government tries to do everything they can people live a better life.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped【答案】A【解析】句意：我们的政府试着尽力帮助人们过上更好的生活。考查非谓语动词。A. to help动词不定式；help动词原形；C

44、. helping动名词或现在分词；D. helped过去式或过去分词。根据句子结构可知，Our government tries to do everything (they can) people live a better life 中 they can 做后置定语修饰 everything,不影响空格处动词help的形式，故空格处应填入动词不定式作目的状语，应选A。6. 2020 四川达州市】一Clara, you have Journey to the West for two weeks.Son-y, I wanted to give it back but was made Da

45、zhou on business last week.A. borrowed; to leaveB. kept; to leaveC. kept; leaveD. borrowed; leave【答案】B【解析】句意：克拉拉，西游记这本书你已经借了两个星期了。对不起，我想把它还给你，但 上周我被迫离开达州去出差了。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。borrow借入，瞬间性动作，keep保存，保存, 持续性动作。由时间段for two weeks“两周”，可知用持续性动词，keep的过去分词为kept,故排除A和D。 动词短语make sb. do sth.接不带to的不定式做宾补，变为被动语态是要加上

46、to,即be made to do,所以第二 个空用to leave,应选Bo2020 甘孜州】He felt tired, so he stopped a rest under the tree.A. havingB. haveC. to have【答案】C【解析】句意：他感到累了，所以他停下来在树下休息。考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。根据题干中“He felt tired”可知是停下来去休息，用tohave符合题意。应选C。7. 2020 甘孜州】The singer was often seen to practi

47、ce songs near the woods three years ago.A. singB. singingC. to sing【答案】B【解析】句意：三年前这个歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。考查动名词。sing动词原形；singing动 名词；to sing动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事用practice doing,此处用动名词singing作宾语。应选B。 10. 2020 重庆市】They hope the basketball match.A. winB. wonC. to winD. winning【答案】C【解析】句意：他们希望赢这场篮球比赛。考查非谓语动词。win赢，动词原形；won是win的过去式或过 去分词形式；to win动词不定式；winning动名词或现在分词形式。句中谓语动词是hope,意为“希望”，常 用于句型hope to do sth.“希望去做某事。因此这里应用动词不定式。应选C。11. 2020 重庆市 B 卷】Wed better follow the seven-step hand-washing method healthy.A. to k