英语读音规则详细.doc

《英语读音规则详细.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语读音规则详细.doc（86页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、比拟全面地归纳了英语单词及语句读音规律，希望能对你有所帮助。 1、巧记读音规那么元音字母读音规那么，辅音字母读音规那么，由于词形变化、同源词音节增减而引起读音变化2、英语字母、字母组合读音与英语单词重音3、英汉发音差异及美式、英式音标差异含句子语调巧记读音规那么一、元音字母读音规那么1元音字母a在重读开音节中读/ei/例如make，name等；a在重读闭音节中读/，例如map，that等。其他主要情况有如下几种：（1） 在非重读相对开音节中，a发音：2a后面是ss，st，sk，sp，th，f，n时，那么读/a:/。例：class，pass，task，grasp，chance，plant，cas

2、t，after，path，但entrance中a发/音。3any，many，ate中a发/e/音。a在闭音节中，前面是辅音/w/时读作/:/，例：want，warm，warn4ar常读/a:/，例：yard，carpet，garment，farm；但在辅音/w/ 之后常读作/:/，例：war，warm，warn6字母组合are常读/音，例如：bare，hare，care，glare，dare。字母组合al辅音字母时，al常读/:/，但在shall中al读/；在half，calm中发/a:/音。2元音字母e在重读开音节中，读/ i: /，例：we，be，these，e在重读闭音节中读/e/，例：

3、help，member，then，beg；但在arithmetic中，e发/音，元音字母e字母组合读音：4eer常读/i/，例：deer，cheer，pioneer，engineer，volunteer志愿者。5字母组合ex读音规那么：a以字母组合ex开头词，假设ex后接一个元音字母且重音不落在第一个音节上，那么ex发音为/igz/。例如：exact，exam，example，exist。b以字母组合ex开头词，假设ex后接一个辅音字母，且重音不落在第一个音节上，那么ex读/iks/。例：excuse，expect，exchange，except，experience，experi-ment，

4、explain，expose，express，expression，expensive，extend，extraordinary。c以字母组合ex开头词，无论ex后跟着什么字母，只要重音包括次重音落在第一个音节上，那么ex发音即为/eks/。例：exercise，expert专家，能手，extra额外，exhibition。3元音字母i在重读开音节中读/ai/，例如：nice，drive，quite，line，polite，apologize，wise。i在重读闭音节中读/i/，例如：arithmetic，benefit，habit，English，equip。1字母组合ie一般读/i：/，例

5、：piece，field，thief，achieve；有时读/ai/，例：lie，die；但friend/frend/，review/rivju：/，quiet/kwait/例外。2字母i在climb，flight，fight，blind，kind，mind，find，frightful，design，sign，wild等含有igh，ign，ind，ild词中，i发/ai/。3April，impossible中i发/。4pencil，business，medicine中i不发音。5在quiet，society，empire，entire，violin，diary，lion，wire，tire，

6、giant，dialogue中元音字母i字母组合读音均为/ai/。6字母组合ai在重读时一般发/ei/，但在captain，mountain，portrait，foun-tain中ai发/i/，在curtain中ai不发音。4元音字母o在重读开音节中读/u/。例：whole，home，rope，hope；在重读闭音节中，读/，例：foreign，dollar，borrow，forehead，cost，tomorrow，common，province，model，modern，cough，forest，honour，proverb，probably，promise，beyond，modest，h

7、onest，stocking；但在improve中o读/u：/。1在post，most，clothes，both，host，progress，total，wont，soldier，gold，robot，poster，roll，control，scold，hotel等词中o发/u/音。2o在n，m，v，th之前常读/，例：month，front，son，ton，none，tongue，wonder，dozen，among，above，comfort。3在tomb中o发/u：/。4字母组合oo在一般情况下读/u：/，例：shoot，loose，pool，moon，choose，balloon，sm

8、ooth，cool，food，fool，school，tooth。但在k前，有时在t，d前，由它们构成合成词、派生词中均发/u/，例：cook，good，foot，look，wood，stood，took。book在由room构成合成词中也发/u/；但应注意例外，例：blood，flood中oo读/。5字母组合or在辅音/w/之后一般读/：/，例：word，worm，world，work，worth，worthy，worse，worst，worship。6以字母o开头词中o读音：7字母组合ow读音：8字母组合ou读音：5元音字母u在重读开音节中读/ju：/。例：refuse，use，amuse

9、，diffuse；在重读闭音中读/，例：bus，bump，suddenly，hundred，suffer，funny，study。1r，l，j等加u开音节中，u读/u：/，例：blue，conclude，truth，truly，salute，rule，June。2u在ll，sh之前，在f，p，b之后读/u/，例：full，push，pull，sugar，bullet，bush。3在difficulty，suggest，supply，success，industry，column，support中u发/。4在busy，minute，business中u发/i/；但在guest，bury中u读/e

10、/。5字母组合ur常发/：/音，例：burden，turn，burst，curtain，curl，fur，furnish，nursery，furl，furniture家具。二、辅音字母读音规那么1字母b一般读/b/，但在climb，comb，tomb，debt，doubt中位于m后或t前，这时b不发音。2字母n发/n/，例：fine，cent；词尾是mn时，n一般不发音，例：autumn，col-umn；字母n在/k/、/g/ 音前发/ /，例：thank，language，bank，anxious，English。3字母组合ng在词中时，一般发/ g/，例：longer，stronger，l

11、anguage，但在engineer，danger，change，orange之中ng却读/nd/。但sing变为singer时，却读作/si /。4-sian，-cian，-sion，-tion读音1词尾-sian，-cian读/n/，这样词主要有：Asian，ussian，Prussian，musi-cian等。2词尾tionsion发/n/，例：education/edju：kein /，discussion等；但-tion在字母s后发/tn/，这样词主要有：question，suggestion；-sion在元音字母后发/n/，主要有：conclusion，decision，revis

12、ion，television等。5wh在一般情况下读/hw/，例：white，wheat等，但wh在o前却读/h/，例：who，whom，whose，whole。8字母组合ch一般读/t/，但在源出希腊语单词ache，character，chemical，chemist，chemistry，school，stomach，technical，technique，technology中，ch发/k/。而在moustache中ch读/。9qu读/kw/，例：require，quick。10以“ths或“ths结尾词读音1在长元音和双元音后，“ths或“ths读作/z/。例：path/pa：/path

13、s/pa：z/bath/ba：/baths/ba：z/mouth/mau/mouths/mauz/2在短元音或辅音包括rth后，ths或ths读作/s/。例：months/mns/，lengths/les/births/b：s/，breaths/bres/3英语中有少数词中ths既可读/s/又可读作/z/。三、由于词形变化、同源词音节增减而引起读音变化字母组合gh读音规那么gh字母组合读音在中学英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音和“不发音两种情况。一、gh在以下三种情况下发音1gh在词首时，读作/g/。例：ghost/gust/2词首为字母1，且后跟字母组合augh时，gh读作/f/。例：laug

14、h/laa：:;f/，laughter/laa：:ft/3词尾为字母组合ough时，gh读作/f/。例：enough /inf/，cough/kf/，rough/rf/，tough/tf/二、gh在以下五种情况下不发音1gh在元音字母i后不发音。例：bright/brait/，fight/fait/，frighten/fraitn/，high/hai/，light/lait/，might/mait/，night/nait/，right/rait/，sight/sait/，slight/slait/2gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例：eight/eit/，eighth/eit/，neig

15、hbor/neib/，straight/streit/，weigh/wei/，weight/weit/3gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例：bought/b：t/，brought/br：t/，fought/f：t/，thought/：t/4字母组合augh前面不是1时，gh不发音。caught/k：t/，daughter/d：t/，naught/n：t/，naughty/n：ti/，taught/t：t/5词尾为ough词，如以上所述，有发/f/，但有时也不发音。例：although/：lu/，plough/plau/，through/ru：/，though/u/，thorough/r/注意

16、：假设gh不是字母组合，而是分属于前后两个不同音节时，不适合以上规那么。例：dininghall/dainih：l/字母组合th读音规那么现就中学英语课本中出现含有字母组合th单词，进展分类归纳，对其在单词中读音总结以下几条。1在th后以字母-er结尾单词中，th读浊辅音/J/。例：altogether/：ltgeJ/，farther/fa J/，feather/fe J/，whether/we J/，either/ai J/，gather/g J/2一般情况下，在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中字母组合th，读浊辅音/J/。例：within/wiJin/，without/wiJaut/，the

17、se/Ji：z/，therefore/Jf：/，al-though/：lJu/，those/ J uz/，the/ J/，thus/ Js/发音特殊单词：through/ru：/，throughout/ru：aut/3字母组合th在数词包括基数词和序数词中读清辅音/。例：three/ri：/，thirty/：ti/，thirteen/：ti：n/，third/ ：d/，fourth/f ：/，fiftieth/fiftii /，thousand/auznd/，hundredth/hndrd/4除上述单词外，一般位于词首th读/。例：theatre/it/，thick/ik/，thin/in/，

18、throat/rut/，theory/iri/，thrust/rst/，thread/red/，thorough/r/，Thursday/：zdi/5以th结尾单词，th读清辅音/。例：truth/tru：/，worth/w ：/，breath/bre/，both/bu/，cloth/kl/，path/pa ：/，wealth/wel/，length/le/，strength/stre/发音特殊单词，例：smooth/smu：J/6在复合词中，th读音与在原词中读音一样。例：something / smi/，anything/enii/，nothing/ni/还有前面提到within，with

19、out等。7其他无规那么可循词分列如下：maths/ms/，arithmetic/rimtik/，clothing/kluJi/，clothes/kluJz/，southern/sJn/，northern/n ：Jn，worthy/w：Ji/，author/：/，sympathy/simpi/与/g/读音区别位于词中间字母组合ng，有时读作/ /，有时读作/ g/。例：singer/si /，ringing/ri i /，anger/g/，stronger/str g/。这种ng什么情况下读作/ /，什么情况下读作/ g/呢？其规律是：1ng位于词中部，ng后边局部本来就是该词一局部，而不是根

20、据某种变化需要加后缀。这时ng读作/ g/。例：finger/fi g/，hunger/h g/，hungry/hgry/，linger/ling/，England/i glnd/，English/i gli/，Hungary/hgri/，language/l gwid/，lingual/li gwl/，distinguish/disti gwi/2以ng结尾形容词变比拟级和最高级加-er或-est后，词中ng读作/ g/。longer/lg/，longest/l gist/，stronger/str g/，strongest/strgist/，younger/j g/，youngest/jg

21、ist/3以ng结尾动词和名词因某种变化需要加上后缀后，词中ng仍读作/ /。例：things/i z/，singer/si /，hanger/h /，hanged/h d/，singing/si i /，ringing/ri i /，clinging/kli i /4如果一个词既可作动词或名词，又可作形容词，它作动词或名词时加后缀以后，词中ng仍读作/ /；它作形容词时加-er或-est后词中ng读作/ g/。例：longv渴望longing/l i /，longa长longer/l g/-es和-ed读音规那么 一、大局部可数名词复数及动词第三人称单数一般现在式，是以-es结尾，如：mot

22、hs，glasses；digs，teaches等。其读法是：1在清辅音后读/s/。例：months/mns/，cakes/keiks/，stops/stps/，laughs/la :fs/2在浊辅音及元音后读/z/。例：girls/g：lz/，pictures/piktz/，potatoes/pteitz/，reads/ri：dz/，digs/digz/，cries/kraiz/3在/s/、/z/、/、/t/、/d/等音后-es发/iz/。例：glasses/gla：siz/，bridges/bridiz/，noses/nuziz/，teaches/ti：tiz/，wash-es/wiz/请注

23、意下面这些词单复数发音变化：house/haus/houses/hauziz/，mouth/mau/mouths/mauJz/二、规那么动词过去式和过去分词中-ed读法是：1在清辅音/t/除外后读/t/。例：asked/a：skt/，helped/helpt/，watched/wtt/，laughed/la：ft/2在浊辅音/d/除外和元音后读/d/。例：livd/lived/，planned/plnd/，pulled/puld/；tired/taid/3在/t/、/d/后读/id/。例：wanted/wntid/，sounded/saundid/_s发/s/读音规那么 字母s读音有/s/、/

24、z/、/、/这几种，下面主要讲讲发/s/音几条规那么。一、s在词首时，除了sugar，sure以及sh组合发/以外，其余一般发/s/。例：surface/s：fis/，serve/s：v/，seven/sevn/，six/siks/，some/sm/，sign/sain/比拟：design/dizain/一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。例：unsafe/nseif/，unsatisfactory/ntisfkttri/，roadside/rudsaid/，teaspoon/ti：spu：n/，snowstorm/snust：m/二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。例：grass，gla

25、ss，address，press，success，pass，miss，stress，across，swiss，puss，progress，process，kiss三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。例：bus/bs/，us/s/，minus/mains/，abacus/bks/，plus/pls/，status/steits/，virus/vairs/四、在sis组合弱读中，两个s都读作/s/。例：emphasis/emfsis/，analysis=nlsis/，thesis/：sis/，crisis/kraisis/五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。例：muscle/msl/，discipline/di

26、siplin/，science/sains/六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。1在前缀mis-，dis-中，s读作/s/。例：mismanage/mismniDN/，misjudge/misDNDN/，misbelieve/misbil：v/，disorder/dis：d/，disobey/disdei/2在后缀sive，sity，self，-some，-sy中，s读作/s/。例：expensive/ikspensiv/，intensive/intensiv/，decisive/disaisiv/yourself/j：self/，handsome/hnsm/，troublesome/trblsm

27、/，tiresome/taism/，quarrelsome/kwrlsm/七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。1s在清辅音前常读作/s/。例：honest/：nist/，newspaper/nju:speip/，task/ta：sk/，satisfy/stisfai/，grasp/gra：sp/2s在清辅音后常读作/s/。例：sportsman/sp：tsmn/，works/w：ks/，stops/stps/，roofs/ru:fs/八、词尾se在字母r，l，n后读作/s/。例：horse/h：s/，nurse/n：s/，worse/w：s/，course/k：s/，universe/ju:niv

28、s/，pulse/pls/，else/els/，tense/tens/，sense/sens/读/ei/音字母组合规那么 1a在开音节中读/ei/。例：face/feis/，plane/plein/。再如：place race space grade trade age page cake shake lake make take wake snakepale tale sale game lame name shame same shape tape phase Kate fate hate date gatelate state skate plate cave save wave sla

29、ve brave baby lady lazy paper nature Asia abletable native awake mistake translate persuade potato2a在tion前读/ei/。例：nation/nein/，station/stein/。再如：relation situation graduation education population information operation libera-tion celebration pronunciation congratulation examination imagination3ai读作/

30、ei/。例：maid/meid/，remain/rimein/。再如：例：wait waist strait straight raise praise tail fail sail nail rail aim pain chainmain gain rain plain train grain brain paint dail mainly railway waiter tailor sailorfailure4ay读作/ei/。例：spray/sprei/，bayonet/beinit/。再如：day hay lay play may ay pay way stay gray tray m

31、aybe daytime daylight play-ground today delay away5eigh读作/ei/。例：eight/eit/，freight/freit/。再如：eighth weigh weight eighty neighbour6ey读作/ei/。例：grey/grei/，hey/hei/，they/Jei/，obey/bei/7a在nge前读/ei/。例：change/teind/，strange/streind/，stranger/streind/，danger/deind/，dangerous/deindrs/8在以下单词中，ea读/ei/。例：break/

32、breik/，great/greit/_读/!：/音字母组合规那么 1e在开音节中读/!：/。例：be/b!：/，metre/m!：t/。再如：he she me we eve these scene Negro Chinese complete Japanese kilometre ap-preciate2ea常读作/!：/。例：lead/l!：d/，scream/skr!：m/。再如：sea tea cheap eat seat heat beat meat neat wheat treat peace east beast leastweak speak leaf each teach

33、reach lead read league leave weave please pleased breathedeal meal steal team steam stream dream lean clean mean easy teacher leader eagerweaver speaker season reason meaning repeat defeat increase easily European reason-able3ee读作/!：/。例：feel/f!：l/，sleep/sl!：p/。再如：see bee knee flee free three keep sh

34、eep deep jeep weep sweep sheet meet sweepstreet week speech feed seed deed need speed sleeve freeze reel steel seem queengreen screen feeling freel freedom freezing meeting indeed between seventeen4ie读作/!：/。例：piece/p!：s/，thief/!：f/。再如：field，belief，believe，achieve，achievement5在辅音字母s，c后面，ei读/!：/。例：sei

35、ze/s!：z/，ceiling/s!：li/，receive/ris!：v/6在一些单词中，i读如e长元音，即/!：/。例：police/pl!：s/，technique/teknk/，machine/m!：n/，magazine/mgz!：n/7字母组合eo中o往往不发音而读作/!：/。例：people/p!：pl/。读/ai/音字母组合规那么 1字母i在开音节中读/ai/。例：slide/slaid/，tiny/taini/。再如： ice nice rice twice price side hide ride wide pride life knife wife bike like

36、ikestrike pipe wipe kite white write quite five drive dive pile mile while smile time finepine shine line mine nine wine Friday ninety China writer driver silence recite exciteinvite polite unite advice surprise besides decide aside arrive behind bicycle dialogueexcite unite2在in，igh，ind，ild等字母组合中，i读

37、作/ai/。例：high/hai/，kind/kaind/。再如：tight fight sight light might night right slight flight bright sign climb child wildfind mind blind ninth tightly slightly fighter frighten childhood kindness tonight de-sign_读/u/音字母组合规那么 1o在开音节中读作/u /。例：go/gu/，photo/futu/。再如：go no hope rope note chock joke smoke rol

38、e close globe stove nose rose thoseclose pole hole whole home stone bone total noble programme notice ago hello alonedevote suppose2oa读作/u/。例：soap/sup/，coat/kut/。再如：boat goat float throat coast road coal roadside3ou有时读作/u/。例：soul shoulder although though4ow有时读/u/。例：show/u/，low/lu/。再如：know row flow s

39、low blow snow throw grow bowl own slowly lower owner注意：ow在词尾非重读音节中也读/u/。如：arrow/ru/，narrow/nru/，sparrow borrow sorrow fellow yellow shallowwindow5在ld和st前，o读作/u/。例：old cold hold scold gold post most soldier读/ ju:/音字母组合规那么 1u在开音节中读/ ju: /。例：usen/ju:s/，usev/ju:z/，refuse/rifju:z/。再如：huge Tuesday duty su

40、ger future reduce produce excuse universe introduce注意：在少数单词非重读音节中，u读作/ju:/或/ju/。如：communism/kmjunizm/，communist/kmjunist/，institute/institju:t/，unite/ju:nait/，value/vlju:/2字母组合ui有时读/ju:/。例：suit/sju:t/。3ew有时读/ju:/。例：few/fju:/，new/nju:/，news/nju:z/，newspaper/nju:speip/，newsreel/nju:zrl/读/u:/音字母组合规那么 1

41、u在开音节中有时读作/u:/。例：rule/ru:l/，June/du:n/。再如：true blue rude salute pollute conclude include revolutionary2co读作/u:/。例：too/tu:/，choose/tu:z/。再如：zoo troop shoot boot root loose tooth food smooth pool tool cool fool school roomsoon moon noon foolish schoolboy schoolgirl foolishly schoolmaster3ou有时读作/u:/。例：

42、group/gru:p/，through/ru:/。再如：youth route wound wounded4在开音节中，o有时读作/u:/。例：do/du:/，who/hu:/，whose/hu:z/，lose/lu:z/，move/mu:v/，prove/pru:v/5ew有时读作/u:/。例：Jew/du:/，jewel/du:/，chew/tu:/，crew/kru:/6oe在词末，有时读作/u:/。例：shoe/u，canoe/knu:/读/音字母组合规那么 1a在闭音节中读/。例：back/bk/，flash/fl/。再如：cap map wrap cat fat hat bat

43、rat that flat Jack back black track tax gas masscatch hatch match snatch ash add sad bad mad glad bag rag flag drag shall camplamp stamp fan can man plan ant sand hand land stand grand hang thank bank rankFrank gather travel jacket habit rapid practice plastic plastics Paris captain action ab-sent c

44、amel candle planet blanket mankind handsome grandson angry anger thankfulanxious perhaps exact satellite satisfy passenger family handwriting handkerchief ex-actly imagine understand reality2在ll，mm，nn，pp，rr，tt前面，a有时读作/。例：scatter/skt/，marry/mri/。再如：valley shallow ally Allan challenge hammer grammar manner channel bannerapple happy happen carry arrow narrow sparrow carriage barrel matter cattle battle读/e/音字母组合规那么 1e在闭音节中读/ e /。