英语语法精讲精练动词的时态和语态.doc

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1、1.四川卷You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 【答案】A【解析】我在四川大学学过4年法语是指过去发生过事情，所以谓语动词用一般过去时，该题由于有for four years.造成一局部学生做出错误选择，而选择了D。 2. You look so young. Havent you graduated from your university Yes, I _ i

2、n the English Department of Shandong University for four years. A. studied B. studyC. had studied D. was studying【答案】A【解析】根据Yes可知：我已大学毕业，故在山东大学学习已成过去，与现在没有关系，应选A项。动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。英语中时态共有十六种，但是常考或较常用有十一种。见下表：时态名称构 成一般现在时do/does

3、,连系动词is/am/are一般过去时did,连系动词was/were一般将来时will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to do现在进展时is/am/are doing过去进展时was/were doing将来进展时will be doing现在完成时has/have done过去完成时had done将来完成时will/shall have done现在完成进展时has/have been doing过去将来时would/should do was/were going to dowas/were(about)to do一一般现在

4、时1.表示经常或习惯性动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.1.表示一个按规定、方案或安排要发生动作，只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。2.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导条件状语从句中有时可以用shall或will表“意

5、愿，不表示时态；Ill go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.3.以here, there开头句子里，go, come等少数动词一般在时表示正在发生动作。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。二一般过去时1.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生动作或存在状态He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。2.表达过

6、去发生动作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。1.有些动词如：think, want, plan等用在一般过去时中常常译为“原来认为/以为，原来想，原方案。I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.我原以为这部电影是很有趣，但是事实并非如此。Hello, I _you were in London. How long _hereA. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. did

7、nt know; have you been【解析】非常容易误选B。其实答案为D，因为“didnt know 强调是见面前不知道，即指过去不知道。三一般将来时1.表示将来动作和存在状态The first time well send you with an experienced reporter.第一次我们要派有经历记者陪同你一起去。2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作Oil will float on water.油会浮在水面上。一般将来时几种特殊表达形式区别1.be going to：表示打算做某事或有迹象说明即将发生某事I am going to visit my friend in hosp

8、ital.我将去看望住在医院朋友。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。2.be about to：表示即时将来。一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, youre about to hear the most incredible tale.女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信故事。3.be to：可用来表示方案、安排通常是正式安排；指令；表示可能会做，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规那么Their daughter is to get married soon.他们女儿可能不久就要结

9、婚了。四现在进展时1.表示现在正在进展动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。2.表示按方案安排即将发生动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。现在进展时与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复行动或某种感情色彩Why are always forgetting his name为啥你总是记他名字呢？五过去进展时My father is coming to see me this Saturday.

10、这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。2.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进展动作这一过去时间须用时间状语表示He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他演讲。I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。He said she was arriving the next.day.他说他将在第二天到达。考生有时用现在完成时或用一般过去时代替过去进展时。Hey, look where you are going!Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not

11、 noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.【解析】非常容易误选C。其实答案为B。因为对话后者显然是在解释刚刚不小心冒犯对方时正在做事情，应该用过去进展时。He _a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _it.A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish【解析】非常容易误选A。其

12、实答案为B。从“I dont know if he has finished it推断，他去年一直在写，应该用过去进展时。六将来进展时1.表示将来某一时间正在进展动作，一般带状语When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天来我家时候，我将正在写报告。2.表示现在正在进展动作，但这个动作会到将来I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。Stop the child or

13、 he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去。将来进展时和一般将来时区别1.一般将来时不仅表示“将来，还含有“意志、意愿等意思 Ill try my best to hard work at English.我将尽全力努力学习英语。含意愿意思Ill be studying English next term.下学期我将学习英语。表示单纯将来2.跟一般将来时连用时间状语比拟模糊，而跟进来进展时连用时间状语非常具体Ill write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。Ill be writing a letter to

14、 my father this time tomorrow.明天这个时候，我会给父亲写信。七现在完成时表示过去发生动作对现在产生影响或结果，说话时已完成动作。I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告。She has cleaned the room.她已经清扫干净了这个房间。示从过去开场，持续到现在动作或状态，往往和“for.,“since.表述一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。They have worked here since they left college.他们大学毕业

15、以后就在这里工作。示“曾经到过某地人已回来用“have/has been to,表示“到某地去了还未回来用“have/has gone to。Where is Li Hua李华在哪里？He has gone to the reading-room.他去阅览室了。She knows a lot about Shanghai.关于上海，她懂很多。She has been there.她去过那里。短暂动词即瞬间动词，如：join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start, break out等

16、，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间状语连用。要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三种方法：“ago法：He joined the army three years ago.“延续法：He has been in the army for three years.“since法：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.八过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成动作。He had shut the door before the dog c

17、ame up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。1.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开场一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.十岁时候，他已经学了500个英语单词了。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.我们知道时候，他已经病了一个星期了。2.常用hope, expect, think,

18、intend, want, suppose等动词过去完成时来表示未实现希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛。九将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻前将完成动作。常和by短语，when, before引起时间状语连用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到这学期完毕时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。1.在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成动作Tell me

19、what you think about the film when you have seen it.你看完这部电影之后告诉我你对它意见。by the end of引导时间状语从句连用时要看“of后面名词所表示时间概念来决定是用将来完成时还是用过去完成时。 We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到这学期完毕时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term. 到这学期完毕时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词

20、。十现在完成进展时用来表示从过去某一时刻开场一直持续到现在还要继续下去动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.8点以来，他一直在做这些数学题。现在完成时与现在完成进展时比拟I have read that book.我读过那本书了。知道那本书内容Hi,Tracy,you look tired.I am tired.I_ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 【解析】答案为C。强调动作从过去到现在延

21、续，可能还将继续下去。十一过去将来时相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生动作或存在状态。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。would do(表示过去习惯)总是，总会，常常。He would sit silent for hours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。一被动语态构成形式被动语态构 成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done过去将来时should/w

22、ould be done现在进展时am/is/are being done过去进展时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时will/would have been done含有情态动词can/must/may be done二被动语态使用注意点1.主动表示被动几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook,lock, wash等。This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell

23、well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。一些连系动词主动式形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证

24、明时真。Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。主语+need/want/require表示需要被时候，常用动名词主动式表示被动或用不定式被动式。参看第八讲非谓语动词The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。be worth doing表示某事值得去做。参看第八讲非谓语动词The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。2.常见没有被动语态动词短语leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,f

25、it,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to,take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heartThe Second World War broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。Our class consists of 50 students.我们班由50个学生组成。3.常用被动语态固定句型It is believed/said /reported/hoped/supposed that据信/据说/据报道/人

26、们希望/人们认为It must be pointed out that必须指出It is generally considered that一般认为It is well known that大家都知道It must be admitted that必须成认 对一般现在时考察As you can see, the number of cars on our roads rising these days.A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping【解析】答案为C。为一般现在时表示经常、习惯性动作或存在状态；也表示说话者态度、能力或自然现象等等。

27、根据as you can see这个从句中用一般现在时，可判断出主句要用现在时态，keep doing表示“一直在做某事。主语是the number of cars谓语动词用单数形式。The father as well as children every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going【解析】答案为C。这个句子主语是the father所以其谓语动词要用单数形式。再根据时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可判断出要用一般现在时，表示经常性动作。as wel

28、l as his children在句子中作状语。This machine _. It hasnt worked for years.A. didnt work B. wasnt workingC. doesnt work D. isnt working【解析】答案为C。“这台机器不工作坏了，表示现在一个状态，用一般现在时。Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was called B. is called C. had

29、 been called D. has been called【解析】答案为B。此题干扰源为上下文过去时，但“被称为太平洋是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _off at 18:20.A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken【解析】答案为A。飞机起飞时间一般是固定时间，每次都在这个时间开。所以要用一般现在时。What would you do if it tomorrowWe have to carry it on, since weve got every

30、thing ready.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining【解析】答案为B。在条件状语从句if, as long as, even if中往往用一般现在时表示将来。Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _home.A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write【解析】答案为D。时间状语从句when, until, before, the moment中往往用一般现在时表示将来。对现在进展时考察Have you got any job offer

31、s No. I_.A. waitedB. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting【解析】答案为D。句意：“有人给你提供工作了吗？“没有，我在等呢。用现在进展时态表示正在进展动作或存在状态。Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off【解析】答案为B。现在进展时可用来表示按方案或安排要进展动作，常与表示将来时间状语连用。这种用法比拟生动，给人一种期

32、待感。根据所提供情景“Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.可判断出飞机马上要起飞了。ask how I am going to spend the money.A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 【解析】答案为D。句意：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打 来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处are phoning表示“不停打 。对现在完成时考察Do you think we should accept that offer Yes, we should, for we

33、_such bad luck up till now, and time out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been runAlthough medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had ac

34、hieved【解析】答案为B。现在完成时表示过去发生事对现在造成结果，表示动作已经完成。根据所提供情景what worries us is that some of them are returning可判断出一些危险疾病已经得到了控制，但有一些疾病又开场传播。Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked【解析】答案为C。根据后问now he is popular可知此题强调过去动作对现在影响，用现在完成时。So far

35、this year we _a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. saw B. seeC. had seenD. have seen【解析】答案为D。习语so far意思是“到目前为止,刚好与现在完成时持续性用法从过去持续到现在一段时间相吻合，所以通常要连用现在完成时。_ you _ him around the museum yet Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show【解析】答案为A。题意为

36、“你有没有带他参观过博物馆？是，我们在那里过得很开心，根据答语可判断强调结果对现在影响。对现在完成进展时考察Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparingD. has been preparing【解析】答案为D。由句中“for months与“will可知，“prepare动作应发生在过去而且到目前还在继续，故用现在完成进展时。I have got a h

37、eadache.No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked【解析】答案为C。句意：你在电脑前工作时间太长。动作从过去开场。一直延续到现在，可能还会延续下去，所以应用现在完成进展时。I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _on it for more than an hour.A. has been working B. will have w

38、orked C. will have been working D. had worked【解析】答案为A。根据后面“for more than an hour可知动作持续一段时间而且一直在进展，until说明这是一个时间状语从句，句中用现在完成进展时表示将来完成进展。句意：直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个多小时以后，我才会告诉他答案。对一般过去时考察He _football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played【解析】答案为B。由句中“regu

39、larly和“when he was young可知是过去某段时间内经常性、习惯性动作，故用一般过去时。T Judy is going to marry the sailor she _in Rome last year.A. meetsB. met C. has metD. would meet【解析】答案为B。“遇见动作发生在“last year，故用一般过去时。The play had already been on for quite some time when we _at the New Theatre.A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arri

40、ved D. arrive 【解析】答案为B。根据前面是过去完成时可知后面应该是一般过去时。两个动作发生时间有先后。对过去进展时考察I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through. Her brother _on the phone all the time!A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked【解析】答案为A。句意：昨天晚上我给汉娜打过很屡次 ，就是打不通。她哥哥一直在 上说个不停。此处用过去进展时态表示过去某一时间段内一直在

41、进展动作。The telephone _, but by the time I got indoor, it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung【解析】答案为B。由句意“ 响着，但我进入室内时停了。可知，该题表达时间与过去有关，而与现在无关。由此，排除C、D两项。而如果选A项，那么与后面“it stopped在逻辑上存在错误。I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .A. went; was occurring B. went;

42、 occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred【解析】答案为C。occur动作在go along“沿着街走动作进展中发生，所以主句用过去进展时，从句用一般过去时。句中“when表示“这时是解题关键。句意：我正沿街走着，想找一个地方泊车，这时，事故发生了。It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, dont mention it. I _past your house anyway.2007北京卷A. was coming B. will come C.

43、 had come D. have come【解析】答案为A。根据题干：“搭车回家是已经发生事，排除B和D项。根据句意“不管怎么说，我反正要路过你家应选was coming表示过去将要。对过去完成时考察The moment I got home, I found I _my jacket on the playground. A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving【解析】答案为A。“found为一般过去时态，而“leave发生在“find之前，故“leave须用过去完成时态。Did Alan enjoy seeing his old frien

44、ds yesterdayYes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time.A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D. hadnt seen【解析】答案为D。在昨天以前就已经好长时间没看过老朋友了，所以用过去完成时。They became friends again that day. Until then, they _to each other for nearly two years.A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking【解析】答案为B