外研版初二英语上期末精华版知识点总结.docx
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1、1. 冠词复习冠词有三种形式:不定冠词a(n)定冠词the零冠词 /不定冠词 a(n)A. 首次提到某人某人, 不定冠词起介绍作用单词表中用an的形容词或者名词act end inside umbrellaaid enough island outside area example increaseactress exciting interestedaccident excellent after-school enjoyableexperienceearthquakeB. 表示“每一、一个”的概念,相当于 every和one。C. 某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。make a mistake
2、 犯错误 a chess set 一副象棋a little有点 a few几个; a minute ago一分钟之前 have a great trip旅途愉快 take a plane乘飞机 in a tree在树上 give a warm welcome to热情欢迎 quite a lot相当多 in an earthquake在地震中定冠词theA. 指前面提到过的人或物,或特指某人或某物。B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。序数词以及形容词的最高级之前.in the 1980s在20世纪80年代 onthe coast在海岸边in the east/south/west/north of
3、在的东/南/西/北部 in the countryside在乡村 in the end最后the beginning of的开头 take the place of代替all the time总是 the population of.的人口all over the world全世界 the Spring Festival春节for the first time首次 during the day在白天at the age of在岁时 at the bottom of在底部2不定式基本不定式1. would like to do想要做某事2. want to do 想要做某事3.agree to
4、do 同意做某事4.plan to do 计划做某事5.decide to do 决定做某事6. offer to do 主动提供做某事7. wish to do 希望做某事8.learn to do 学习做某事9.love to do热爱做某事10.like to do 喜欢做某事11.need to do sth 需要做某事12.be interested to do sth做某事感兴趣12.in order to do为了.13. It is a good idea to do sth.做.是个好主意好方法。15.It is +adj +(for sb )to do sth 做某事.16
5、.It takes sb. +时间/金钱+to do sth 花某人时间去做某事宾语不定式1.advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事2. hope sb. to do sth 希望某人做某事3. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事双宾语不定式1.give sb sth= give sth to sb2.lend sb sth=lend sth to sb3.send sb sth=send sth to sb4.show sb sth=show sth to sb5.teach sb sth=teach sth to sb6.pass sb sth=pass
6、sth to sb7.tell sb sth=tell sth to sb、1.buy sb sth=buy sth for sb2.make sb sth=make sth for sb3.cook sb sth=cook sth for sb不能带to的不定式1. make sb do 2.let sb do3.help sb do 4.see sb doTo做介词不是不定式give sb a warm welcome to热烈欢迎某人send to 发送给某人 move to 搬到某地from to 从.到. be close to 靠近talk to 及.谈话 write to 写信给
7、某人Pay attention to doing sth 注意动词后 接doing情况mind doing sth 介意做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事enjoy /like/love doing sth 喜欢做某事practice doing sth 练习做某事spend doing sth 花时间做某事have trouble doing sth 做某事有麻烦have a better chance of doing sth 有一个好的机会做不定式的否定:直接变成not to do3. 动词词组keep clear of 不和.接触 lift up 抬起make sure
8、 保证 come on快点close down倒闭 hang on 等一下pay attention to 注意 fall off 从.跌落think about考虑 set up 设立建立look after 照顾 take away拿走,夺取think of想到 想出 warm up热身cheer on为.喝彩 ask for 请求agree with同意 write down 写下make a mistake 犯错 look up 查找4、英语中的数字英语中数字单位:百、千、 百万 、十亿 百 hundred 千 thousand 百万million 十亿 billion确数:表示确定数
9、量 用基数词+ hundred,thousand,million,billion注意数字单位不能加s.hundred, thousand, million, billion表示确切数目时,用单数,后直接接复数名词;如:three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million starts概数:表示不确切数目时, 这类词后加-s且及of连用。如: hundreds of people thousands of students millions of birds billions of lions分数的
10、表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母 + s。e.g. 1/5: one fifth 2/5: two fifths5. 比较级和最高级形容词考法: 形容词意思区分 形容词比较级形容词比较级:结构: (1)adj+er (2)more+ adj (3) 不规则 good-better little-less much/many-more bad/badly-worse far-farther 用法:(1)句子中有than (2)同级比较:as.+adj.as (3) 特殊结构:(A) the+比较级1,the+比较级2 越.越(B) 比较级 and 比较级 越来越修饰比较级的词
11、1) 只用于修饰比较级的: much,even2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级:a little; a bit; The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点.3) 表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,He works still harder than ever. 他比以往更加努力学习了.4) 表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,a lot等.最高级:结构:(1)adj+est (2)the most+ adj (3) 不规则 good-better-best little-less-least muc
12、h/many-more-most bad/badly-worse-worst far-farther-farthest 用法:(1)句子中有范围:in /all/ of/ among (2)默认范围:一年12月,一年四季,一个星期7天(3) 特殊结构:One of +the+最高级+名词复数 最之一6. 句子的考法(1)特殊疑问句:考疑问词或词组,看回答疑问词组:How far 多远 Its .kilometer/milesHow long 多长时间 Its .minutes/hoursHow often 多久一次 Its .once a weekHow many /How muchHow o
13、ld.(2)一般疑问句:考回答:用什么问就用什么答be动词(am, is,are) 情态动词(must can,could, may,might,need),助动词(will,should,would,shall)特例:(1)need用作情态动词need do sth 需要做某事肯定句:He need go shopping .他需要去购物。否定句:He neednt go shopping疑问句:Need he go shopping? Yes, he must No he neednt(2)must用作情态动词表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为 “必须,得,要”;否定:Y
14、ou neednt go to school on time.你不必按时到校。疑问:Must I go to school on time? Yes, you must No, you neednt结构:过去进行时由“主语+was/were + doing”构成 肯定: He was having supper at this time yesterday 否定: He was not having supper at this time yesterday 疑问: Was he having supper at this time yesterday?时间标志:this/thattime,t
15、his/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),3.at+钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday),4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。when和while的用法区别8. 连词:关系词、引导词,关联词组关系词:并列关系: and转折关系:but因果关系:because+原因So+结果条件关系:if 让步关系:although选择关系:or引导词:When、while、as 当.的时候Until 、till直到.才关联词
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