全新版大学英语综合教程第一册第二版课件Unit3.docx

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1、幻灯片103D R _ word _ likely 1likely: 1. adj. probable An incident likely to lead to war is reported on TV. 电视报导出一可能导致战争的事件。2. adv. probablyI shall very likely be here again next month.Pattern:It is likely that 很可能It is highly likely that he will succeed.幻灯片104D R _ word _ likely 2likely, possible & pr

2、obable这些词都有“可能的”意思。CF:likely 系常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。例如：The likely outcome of the contest varies from moment to moment.比赛结果每分钟可能都在变化。possible 指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思。例如：Is it possible to get to the city by train, or must I take a bus? 坐火车可以到这个城市去吗？还是我必须得坐公共汽车？幻灯片105D R _ word _ likel

3、y 3probable 语气比 possible 强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的, 带有大概、很可能的意思。例如：CF:It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。幻灯片106D R _ word _ do without 1do without: manage to survive, continue, or succeed, although you do not have sth. you needI havent enough money to buy a car, so Ill just ha

4、ve to do without.He cant do without the services of a secretary.幻灯片107D R _ word _ do without 2Collocation:摆脱；废除，取消do away withdo up 系上，扣上；修理；打扮have something to do with和有关系have nothing to do with和没有关系幻灯片108D R _ word _ highly 1highly: adv. 1) veryMr. Smith was a highly successful salesman.2) to a h

5、igh degreeHe speaks very highly of you.出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性。Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women.幻灯片109D R _ word _ highly 2highly & high这两个词都表示“高高地”。CF:highly 指的是抽象意义上的“高”。例如：薪俸优厚的官员a highly paid officialthink highly of sb.器重某人high 用作副词时，一般指的是具体意义上的“高”。例如：向高处瞄准aim hi

6、ghsearch high and low到处寻找幻灯片110D R _ word _ highly 3CF:其他类似的例子还有:closely & close closely 细心地，严密地。例如：Watch what I do closely. 仔细观察我所做的。The prisoners were closely guarded. 囚犯被严密看守着。close 邻近。例如：He lives close to the school. 他住得离学校很近。幻灯片111D R _ word _ put / turn the clock backput / turn the clock back:

7、 return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasantThe employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years.Forget all about it and look to the future; you cant turn the clock back.幻灯片112D R _ word _ bring about 1b

8、ring about: cause to happen这是怎么发生的？ What brought it about?Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system.Collocation：产生；提出bring forth提前；提出bring forward教育；养育；提出bring up 幻灯片113D R _ word _ bring about 2 Fill in the blanks with the phrases and change the form where nec

9、essary.1. They proposed that the date of the congress be a few months.2. The trees in the orchard many apples.3. He was well 4. At the meeting the next morning, they many problems and discussed them one by one. brought forward_bring forth_brought up_.brought up/ forward / forth幻灯片114D R _ word _ inq

10、uire 1inquire:1. vt. ask to be toldHe inquired (of her) the reason for being late again.He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any message for him.2. vi. seek information by questioning我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情。I rang up to inquire about train times.幻灯片115D R _ word _ inquire 2Collocation：问候

11、inquire after求见inquire for查究，调查inquire intoinquire, ask & questionCF:这些词都有“问，询问”的意思。inquire 是较正式的书面用词，渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。例如：幻灯片116D R _ word _ inquire 3He inquired your telephone number. 他询问你的电话号码。ask 是最常用词, 指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题, 请别人解答或向别人打听消息。例如：CF:Excuse me. May I ask you a question? 对不起，我能问你一个问题吗？question

12、 指对某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况。例如：The suspect was questioned by the police.警察审讯嫌疑人。幻灯片117D R _ word _ initiative initiative: n.1) ability to make decisions and take action without the help of othersIf you show that you have initiative, you will sooner or later be promoted.The workers are able to solve the pro

13、blem on their own initiative.2) used in the phrase “take the initiative”: be the first person to take action to improve a situation or relationship, esp. when other people are waiting for sb. else to do sth.He took the initiative in organizing a party after his brothers wedding.幻灯片118D R _ word _ ra

14、terate: n.l value, cost, speed, etc. measured by its relation to some other amountThe worlds forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts have thought. 出生率是出生数与人口数之比。The birth rate is the number of births compared to the number of the people.2) of the (numbered) qualitya first-rate p

15、erformer; a second-rate comic幻灯片119D R _ word _ ensureensure: vt. make sure; guaranteeThe new treaty will ensure peace.我不能确保他能及时到这儿。I cant ensure that he will be here in time. 幻灯片120D R _ word _ informed 1informed: adj.knowing things; having all the information随时告诉我新的发展。Keep me informed of fresh dev

16、elopment.Hes a well-informed man.inform, tell & instruct CF:这些词都有“把某消息或某件事传达给别人”的意思。inform 向某人传递信息, 特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料（可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知）。例如：幻灯片121D R _ word _ informed 2I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Reginald Page, will be retiring

17、 next week. 我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德佩奇先生将于下星期退休。tell 最通用，最不正式。指把某事告诉某人。例如：CF:Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。幻灯片122D R _ word _ informed 3instruct 较正式，意为“指示（一般用于上级对下级），通知”。例如：CF:The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to

18、 find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. 编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。幻灯片123D R _ word _ steadysteady: adj. 1) constant; regular in movementThe governments policies have brought a period of steady economic growth with falling unemployment.There has been a steady growth i

19、n the industry.2) firm Using the razor requires a steady hand.幻灯片124D R _ word _ basis 1basis: (pl. bases) n.1) facts or ideas from which sth. can be developed; foundation (usu. used as a singular noun, followed by for or of )The writing is full of arguments that have a firm basis.What is the basis

20、for your opinion?2) circumstance that provides a reason for some action or opinion (usu. followed by of or that-clause)On the basis that recognizing the problem is halfway to a solution, we should pay much attention to his comments. 幻灯片125D R _ word _ basis 2基于我们售货的预测，我们明年将开始赚钱。On the basis of our s

21、ales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.basis, base & foundation 这些词都有“基础，根基”的意思CF:basis 多用于比喻，指信念、议论等的根据。例如：Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy. 慈善待人是她人生观的基点。幻灯片126D R _ word _ basis 3base 多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基，尤指军事或工业方面的基地。例如：CF:We picnicked at the base of the mountain.

22、我们在山脚下野餐。The lamp stands on a circular base. 那盏灯由圆形底座支撑。foundation 强调基础的稳固与坚牢，可用于比喻。例如：Those thoughts rocked her assurance to its foundations. 那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。The huge lorries shock the house to its foundations.大卡车驶过，连屋基都震动了。幻灯片127D R _ word _ lie inlie in: exist or be found in (sth.)The root of all

23、 these events lay in history.这部戏剧令人感兴趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的问题。The plays interest lies in the questions it raises about marriage.幻灯片128D R _ word _ in terms ofin terms of: as regards (sth.); expressed as (sth.)In terms of salary, the job is terrible.以百分数回答这个问题。Give the answer in terms of a percentage.幻灯片1

24、29D R _ word _ tendtend: 1. vi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effectSome people tend to get up later at weekends.物价正在上涨。Prices are tending upwards.2. vt. watch over; attend toshepherds tending their flockstend the sick and wounded幻灯片130D R _ word _ preciseprecise: adj.1)

25、 exactWe will never know the precise details of his death.Our train leaves at about half past ten, or to be precise 10:33.2) taking care to be exact and not to make errors他是个非常谨慎的人。He is a very precise man.幻灯片131D R _ word _ grasp 1grasp:1. v.1) understand This is a concept we in the West find diffi

26、cult to grasp.2) seize firmly The drowning man grasped the rope.贪得无厌的人可能毫无所得。A man who grasps at too much may lose everything.幻灯片132D R _ word _ grasp 22. n. power of grasping这个作品我看不懂。This work is beyond my grasp.Success is within her grasp.幻灯片133D R _ word _ sufficientsufficient: adj. enough$30 sho

27、uld be sufficient for a new pair of shoes.有足够的证据证明他是有罪的。 There was sufficient evidence to prove that he was guilty.幻灯片134D R _ word _ conveyconvey: vt.1) make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another我无法用言语表达我的感情。I cant convey my feelings in words.This picture will convey to you some idea of the beau

28、ty of the scenery.这幅画可将那处风景的美丽向你传达一二。2) take; carry This train conveys both passengers and goods.幻灯片135D R _ word _ put across 1put across: cause to be understood他非常善于表达自己的意见。Hes very good at putting his ideas across.Good teachers are the ones who are able to put things across well.幻灯片136D R _ word

29、_ put across 2Collocation：储存（钱、时间）；把放在一边put asideput forward提出（意见、建议）put in 花费，付出（时间、精力等）put off阻止；推迟put on 穿上put out熄灭为接通电话 put throughput up with忍受幻灯片137D R _ word _ proportion 1proportion: n.1) part of a group or an amountA large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die because

30、 of water pollution.这个城市的很大一部分人已年过半百。A large proportion of the citys population is aged over 50.2) relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc.The proportion of men to women in the medical profession has changed in recent years.幻灯片138D R _ word _ proportion 2Collocation：与成比例；和相比in propor

31、tion toin direct proportion to与成正比例in inverse proportion to与成反比例in proportion符合比例的out of proportion不成比例的幻灯片139D R _ word _ fit intofit into:be part of a situation, system, or planThe new college courses fit into a national education plan.College English videos are designed to fit into the syllabus.幻

32、灯片140D R _ word _ educateeducate: vt. teach or trainYou should educate your children to behave well.这个男孩只能在工作做完后晚上自修。The boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.幻灯片141D R _ word _ entertainentertain: v.1) give pleasure (to) Childrens television programs not only entertain

33、but also teach. 我们都对他的戏法感兴趣。We were all entertained by his tricks.2) receive (people) as guestsAccording to the school regulations, women students are not allowed to entertain men in their rooms.The Smiths entertain a great deal.幻灯片142D R _ word _ contact 1contact:1. vt. get in touch withFeel free t

34、o contact us if you need my help.2. n. touching or communication We can learn much by being brought into contact with other minds.他在加拿大期间，曾结识了许多对他有益的社会人士。He made many useful social contacts while he was in Canada.幻灯片143D R _ word _ contact 2contact, contrast & contract这些词形式相似，意思却不同。contact 接触，联系cont

35、rast 对比，对照contract 订合同，订契约CF:Fill in the blanks with the above words and change the form where necessary.1. Research is more mentally fatiguing, with physical labour.2. They have to build a railway across Africa.3. I must my lawyer before I made my final decisions.contrasted_contracted_contact_幻灯片14

36、5A R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions in the last hundred years 1. 在过去的一百年间 go back to 2. 回到3. 享有特权的少数人a privileged minority the present government4. 当今政府basic science5. 基础科学6. 全球政府 a global state7. 民主社会a democratic society幻灯片146A R _ Useful Expressions 2make informed decisionsthe standard o

37、f livingcartoon figuresscience fictionsacid raingreenhouse effectnuclear weapons幻灯片147A R _ Useful Expressions 3genetic engineering15. 基因工程 learn by rote16. 死记硬背 17. 使销量减半halve the salesmolecular biology18. 分子生物学alien civilization19. 外星文明 20. 对充满信心have sufficient faith in 幻灯片192S R _ Reading _ word

38、_ deadlinedeadline: n. point in time by which sth. must be doneIm afraid youve missed the deadline the deadline for applications was May 30th.在周五的最后期限之前完成将是非常困难的。Fridays deadline is going to be very difficult to meet.幻灯片193S R _ Reading _ Sentence _ Imagine the hopes cancerImagine the hopes raised i

39、n the millions battling cancer. Paraphrase the sentence: Imagine what a great encouragement it is for the millions of patients who are fighting against cancer. 幻灯片194S R _ Reading _ Sentence _ science doesnt wayScience doesnt work that way. Paraphrase the sentence: Science doesnt operate that way. 幻

40、灯片195S R _ Reading _ Sentence _ It rarely answersIt rarely arrives at final answers. Paraphrase the sentence: Seldom does science enable us to arrive at ultimate solutions. 幻灯片196S R _ Reading _ word _ victimvictim: n. sb. who has been hurt or killed by sb. / sth.; sb. who suffers because of sth. ba

41、d that happens or because of an illness孩子们是这场打斗的无辜受害者。The children were the innocent victims of the fighting.He was the victim of an administrative error.幻灯片197S R _ Reading _ word _ frustratefrustrate: vt. cause (sb.) to feel discouraged or disappointed; prevent (sb.) from doing or achieving sth.So

42、me websites are not tested adequately and consequently carry bugs that frustrate visitors. 由于大雪，他们登上顶峰的努力失败了。They were frustrated in their efforts to reach the summit by heavy snowfall.幻灯片198S R _ Reading _ word _ yieldyield: vt. reveal; produce or provide双方的会谈没有取得成果。Talks between the two sides have

43、 yielded no results.The agency finally yielded consent to his application.幻灯片199S R _ Reading _ word _ step by stepstep by step: graduallyThe career counselor guided Elle step by step through her planning for gaining admission to a graduate program in psychology.step-by-step: adj. gradual该教科书是以其循序渐进

44、介绍英语语法而众所周知。 The textbook is well known for its step-by-step introduction to English grammar.幻灯片200S R _ Reading _ word _ outcomeoutcome: n. resultOne current educational approach which has not received a lot of attention is outcome-based education.在记者招待会上将会公布谈判的结果。The outcome of the negotiations wi

45、ll be announced at a press conference.幻灯片201S R _ Reading _ word _ gradualgradual: adj. happening or developing slowly and by degreesSome people favour a gradual switch from the Microsoft system to open source.这一过程是悄然发生、循序渐进且无法避免的。This process is quiet, gradual and inevitable.幻灯片202S R _ Reading _ word _ processprocess: n. connected series of actions, changes, etc.减肥是一个缓慢的，渐进的过程。Losing weight is a slow, gradual process.I think life itself is a learning process.幻灯片203S R _ Reading _ word _ conclusion