初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理.docx

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1、八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play SportsTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball?Section A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2cheer sbon为加油，鼓劲 3win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won，won)一般后接竞赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”结果。 (2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。

2、 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手) 4prefer宁愿，更喜爱 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比拟起来更喜爱做某事prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟某人某物比拟起来更喜爱人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比拟起来更喜爱做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜爱做某事 5jointake part in (1)join参与某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中一员 (2)join sb

3、(in doing sth)和某人一起(做某事) (3)join in=take part，in参与某项活动 Section B 1play for a team为某队效力be inon the team在某队打球 2dream作名词，“梦，幻想”。egmy dream job也可作动词dream ofabout sth.doing sth 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意思是“最之一”。 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在竞赛中”用in egin the racein the

4、 basketball game 6give up放弃。留意应当把介词放在中间。eggive it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity真缺憾!Section C 1Spen, take, cost 及pay区分 复习指南(p34) 2do exercise=play sports做运动，熬炼 3There be句型将来时构造为There isare going to be或There will be。留意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”have和has。 4the high jump跳高 the long jump

5、跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句egI am sure that he is right(2)sbbe sure to do sth某人确定会做某事。强调说话人语气。 (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth“确信”，表示主语对有把握。 (4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth确定(不)做某事 egBe sure to come here early6make用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要复原to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)make sthfor sbm

6、ake sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对有害”。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持安康Section D 1play against跟进展竞赛 play withplay againstplay for play with玩耍，嬉戏，玩乐，及玩耍。play against同竞赛。 play for为效力。2leavefor分开某地去某地leave for=set off for动身去某地 3一般将来时(复习指南P19) 【例19】(10年河北中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation i

7、s coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【例20】(10年重庆中考)If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with you Ago Bhas gone Cwill go Dare goingTopic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉恳求对方做某事，否认构造是wouldcouldwill you(please)n

8、ot do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒适”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。 3mind用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否认句中。其构造是mind sbsthdoing sth 对would you mind sbsbs doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”答复，假如是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，youd better notI am sorry but I do假如表达“不

9、会介意”，可用No，not at allNever mindIt doesnt matterNo，of course not (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth答复可以用Of course not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对would you mind not doing sth答复可以用Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry about that

10、(3)作名词，“思想”。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事Section B 1be always doing sth老是，含有埋怨感情色调。 2careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully 3chance时机have a chance to do sth有时机做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个时机做某事 4What do you mean by sthdoing s

11、th?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth?5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或生气感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色调。 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb及某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人气”，如：【链接】(1) be angry at 对某人言行感到生气，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如： 8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye

12、 to sb向某人致歉问候，道 10befeel sorry forto do为而愧疚(难受)11keep用法(1) keep sbdoing sth使某人始终做某事 (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 (3)“keep sbsth+宾补+adv”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth接着不断做某事 (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持接着(处于某种状态) egkeep fithealthy (6)赡养egMy father keeps a big family (7)保存，保存egHow long can I keep the book?12

13、turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, close 及open区分。 复习指南p2013in a minuteright awayat once立即，立刻 14对sorry答复可以是Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at allSection C 1love doingto do sth喜爱做某事 2excitingexcited exciting指使人感到兴奋事 excited是指人对感到兴奋 3too,also, either 及 as well 区分。 复习指南p4 4so that引导

14、目状语从句，含义是“以便，目是，为了”。从句谓语动词要用may，can，should，could等情态动词，表示目状语，相当于in order that，可以改成in order to do句型。egLets take the front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly=Lets take the front seats in order to see more clearly 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others 复习指南p27Section D1连接时间介词用法(1)ago“多久之

15、前”，用过去式。构造是“段时间+ago” egtwo days ago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般如今时。egThey will be here before 7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。egWe will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般如今时。egWe often play football after 5：00 in the afternoon“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。egHe came b

16、ack after four days2instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独运用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是3build sbup使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做某事很开心 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得快乐，过得欢乐 (2) have fun with ab. 及某人共度欢乐时间 (3) Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝愿。Topic 3 Which sport will you tak

17、e part in?Section A 1the sports meetmeeting运动会， the boys 800一meter race男子800米赛跑， the long jump跳远the high jump跳高， the relay race接力赛跑 2Its theones firstsecondtime to do sth 3make friends with sb及某人交挚友。留意friends要用复数形式。4be ready for sth为某事而准备。 5maybemay be maybe=perhaps副词，“或许，或许”。egMaybe he is at the bu

18、s station nowmay be是情态动词may后接动词原形be， Section B 2Lets make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。 make it(1)指约定时间egLets make it at 6：30(2)办成，做到(准备或盼望做事)3pass动词，“传递”。pass sbsth=pass sthto sb把某物传给某人。egWould you please pass me the book?“经过”。egShe was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by“经过(某地)”。past可作副词或

19、介词，“在旁经过”。egHe hurried past me without stopping to talk with me【例6】(09年新疆中考)Did you see the accident yesterday?YesIt happened when I the museumAwalked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass 【例7】We need _ _ _ (再加两个人)to do the work 4congratulations庆贺你。当别人获得成果、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations!

20、【例8】(10年广东中考)Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really? _ ! ACongratulations BNever mind CThats all right DIm sorry to hear that 5take photospictures照相 egLook，lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers 【例9】(10年兰州中考) what are on show in the museum? Some photos_ by

21、the children of Yushu，Qinghai Ahave been taken Bwere taken Care taken DtakenSection C 1holdhave a sports meet实行运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sthdoing sth擅长(做)某事 do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例10】His father is good at making model planes(同义句改写) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage s

22、bto do sth激励某人做某事。 【例11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports做运动。其中exercise是不行数名词，意思是“运动，熬炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。egdo morning exercises做早操 【例12】(10年陕西中考) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise

23、 Ceye exercises 5be able to和can 复习指南p9 【例13】Jacks father_ _ _(能)swim when he was five years old【例】Could I use your dictionary? Yes，you_.Acan Bcould Cneed Dshould 6do sthfor the firstsecondtime第一二次做某事egWe took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year 【例14】 China took part in the O

24、lympics the first time in 1951 Aat Bfor Cto Don 7more“更多”，后可接可数或不行数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不行数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。 【例15】(10年黄冈中考) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy，produce_ carbon Amore；more Bless；more Cless；less Dmore；lessSection D 1stand for代表 egRed stands for good luck in China 【例16】(0

25、8年龙岩中考)The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashion culture 2at least=as little as至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。 【例17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _(至少)200 yuan 【例18】(10年成都中考)The food I cook isnt delicious，but _I can look after myself Aat first Bat last Cat least【习题精练】I词汇 A依据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。 2The mod

26、ern_(奥运会)started in Athens 3There are many_(旅游者)visiting Beijing every year 4We should improve our _(环境)and keep it clean 5Five rings are a s_ of the Olympic Games B依据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。 1I was the winner in the_ _(跳高)in the school sports meeting 2Jack_ _ (可能)ill nowI saw him in the hospital just now 3Wo

27、uld you mind cleaning the floor? I am sorry，I will do it_ _ (立即) 4You know his words_ _(代表)our idea 5We can_ more(和交挚友)_ with foreigners单项选择 1Would you like to have _ chicken? No，thanksIts delicious，but Ive had enoughAsome other Bsome more Canother some 2(10年长沙中考)I am sure you will_ your classmates

28、if you are kind and friendly to them Acatch up with Bagree with Cget on badly with Dmake friends with 3It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw picturesRightThats what she likes to do _ Amore Blest Cmost Dleast 4(10年十堰中考) Where is Jeff? Im not sureHe _playing football on the playgr

29、ound Amaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 5(10年安徽中考)Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farm Ajoin Bjoin in Ctake part to 6(10年山西中考)English is difficult for meHow can I improve it? Dont lose your confidenceI believe you will_ it if you keep trying Atake Bwork Cpic

30、k Dmake 7(09年山西中考) Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ ? No，I dont think so A. in public Bat least Con time 8(09年新疆中考) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes，We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting；excited Bexciting；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；exciting 9(09年广州中考)Have you _ you

31、r new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with 10(09年宁德中考)I called you yesterday，but nobody_ the phone Achecked Brepaired Canswered 11(09年天门中考)why do you like that scarf so much? Because I think it can_ me good luck Afetch Bbring Cpass Dtake12(09年潍坊中考)Liu

32、 Qian，as a little boy，was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other childrenAgood at Bmad about Cpopular with Dafraid of 13(09年福州中考)We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014 Wow，_ !Will it pass our place? Awhat an excited news Bhow excited the news is Cwhat exciting news

33、Dhow exciting news 14(08年南通中考) Hello! May I speak to MrSmith? _，pleaseHe is answering another call right now AGo on BCome on CKeep on DHold on 15(07年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest，“_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore；less BFew；much CFewer；moreUnit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 1 Youd better go to

34、 see a doctorSection A 1whats wrong with sbsth=whats the matter with sbsth2have a cold患感冒，have后可跟表示疾病词语。用来表示“患疾病”。eghave a headachethe flu 【例1】 You look so pale on your face，do you_ _ _(患感冒)?3shouldshouldnt情态动词“应当不应当” egShould I do sth?Yes，you shouldNo，you shouldntNo，you neednt【例2】How was the youth

35、club last night，Mark? It was great funYou_ come Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay 以下是我们所学过情态动词： 复习指南P9(1)can能会，cant不能不允许，过去式could，couldnt。egCan I do sth?Yes，you canNo，you cant(2)need“须要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态改变，多用于疑问句或否认句中。egNeed I do sth?Yes，you musthave toNo，you needntdont have to(3)must必需，mustnt表示“制止”。egMust I do

36、sth?Yes，you mustNo，you needntdont have to(4)may“可以可以”，无否认形式。May I do sth?Yes，you maycanNo，you cant 【例3】(10年福州中考) Dad，must I do my homework now? NoYou_ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneednt Cmay 4take a(good)resthave a(good)rest(好好)休息 【例4】After a whole days work，we want to_ _

37、 _(休息一下) 5英语中表示疾病名词或词组大多可以实行“身体部位名词+ache”或“sore+身体部位名词”来表达。egheadheadache stomachstomachache backbackache toothtoothache earearache kneesore knee throatsore throat eyesore eye footsore foot 【例5】(09年潜江中考) he have a_I cant eat anything Maybe you should see a dentist Acold Bfever Cheadache Dtoothache 6

38、Plenty of意思是“大量”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不行数名词。一般用在确定句中，否认句或疑问句中改为enough或many(much)。egThere is plenty of time leftIs there enough time left? 【例6】(10年山西中考)They have_ time to do that，but we dont have_ money for it Aplenty of；some B1ittle；few Cplenty of；enough Da lot of；lots of【考点链接】 a lot ofplenty ofa number of

39、(1)There are_ people in the park on Sundays (2)You should drink_ water，and have a good rest【分析比拟】 a lot of：lots of表示“大量，很多”。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词。plenty of及a lot of同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词。a number of表示“很多，大量”，修饰可数名词。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2)填a lot of和plenty of都可以。 7boiled water开水boiling water在开水 【例7】Is there any_(开水

40、)in the pot? No，there isntSection B 1系动词用法 复习指南p32 【例8】(10年漳州中考) The meat_ deliciousI cant wait to eat it Asmells Btastes Csounds2had better(not)do sth最好(不要)做某事 【例9】(07年泉州中考) My father drank too much last night，he feels sick now Hed better_ so muchIts bad for his health Anot to drink Bdrinking Cnot drink