高中高三英语语法之名词性从句讲解及练习题答案.docx

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1、高中英语语法之名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”说明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“似乎”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,wh

2、ose, whichever,whomever连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often不行省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不行省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.比拟：whether及if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列状况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not

3、Whether he will come is not clear.大局部连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 主语从句1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由附属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保存自己的疑

4、问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 有时为避开句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3） It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另留意在主语从句中用来表示惊异、不信任、可惜、理应如此等语气时

5、，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2、第一局部：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go

6、 for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数状况下视为三单。第二局部：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is suggested that the

7、 work should be done with great care.小结:（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句3.三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词及引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列

8、句时,第二个分句前的that不行省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 留意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、吩咐、建议、确定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should)

9、do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特别疑问句，应留意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的依次也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，w

10、hether及if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列状况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I

11、 wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否认性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否认式。即将从句中的否认形式移到主句中。5.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则须要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot wa

12、ter every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 有些动词带宾语从句时须要在宾语及从句前加it。这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.When you start the engine, you mus

13、t see to it that car is in neutral.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不行用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.6.哪些宾语从句不行以省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;当宾语从句较长时;当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)及宾语从句之间有

14、插入语时;当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不行以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;当宾语从句是双宾语中的干脆宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;在干脆引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.7.宾语从句的时态当主句为如今时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进展时表示及主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western coun

15、try,but I didnt know what country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to

16、put down the to-do.假如从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不依据主句的时态而改变The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序支配,常常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?四、表语从句1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词及引导主语从句的

17、关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其根本构造为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 须要留意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【留意】whether 可引导表语从句，但及之同义的if却通

18、常不用于引导表语从句。下面是两个及“That is why.”形式相像的构造， 它们及“That is why.”构造之间的关系要可以辨析清晰： (1)“That is why.”及“That is the reason why.”同义，只不过从语法构造上讲， “That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则及“That is why.”构造一样， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. (2)“That is because.”句型中附属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作

19、表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”及“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指缘由或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种缘由所造成的后果。例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.(第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明缘由)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not

20、 see it last night.(第一句话说明缘由， 第二句话说明结果)五、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详细内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.The thought came to him that Mary

21、had probably fallen ill. 他同位语从句和定语从句的区分： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比拟下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news

22、，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 3、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them The though

23、t came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 【活学活用】( )1、I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what( )2、The one concern for parents and students is _ the student pursues their uni

24、versity education in a foreign country, the student will not have the opportunity to establish social contacts in China.A. that B. that if C. whether D. how( )3、 Why didnt you chat with that friendly foreigner just now? Id like to, but the trouble was _ he said was difficult for me to understand.A.

25、what which B. what that C. that that D. that what ( )4、What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese.A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share( )5、I had neither a computer nor newspaper._ I dont know the latest news.A. Its the reason B.

26、Thats why C. Theres why D. Its because( )6、Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage. _ he has just bought 12 pigeons.A. Thats so B. Thats why C. Because D. For( )7、I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is_he never finishes anything.Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy ( )8、How do you usually

27、find out about new software?In the magazines like Popular Electronics. Thats computer companies usually advertise. Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dwhy( )9、What is even more important is_ the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.A.that B.that as C.which D.which as( )10、The question that puzzl

28、ed them is_ they can get rid of the air pollution in the area.A. how is it that B. that how C. what is it D. how it is that( )11、Jack asked his mother _. A. if she could tell him the time then B. if could she tell him the time then C. that she could tell him the time now D. that could she tell him t

29、he time now ( )12、Jane said to Mary, “What are you going to do tomorrow?”Jane asked Mary .Awhat was she going to do the next day Bwhat she was going to do tomorrowCwhat she was going to do the next day Dwhat was she going to do tomorrow( )13、In 1492 Culumbus and his crew arrived _ was so-called the

30、New World by the westerners.A. in what B. in which C. what D. where( )14、It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.AwhoseBwhat Cwhich Dthat( )15、After_ seemed an endless effort，the patient was finally able to carry out_ seemed a perfectly normal walk.A

31、. what；what Bthat; that Cit; that Dwhich; like( )16、Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experiments failedAwhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhere( )17、The chief manager has decided to put he thinks is energetic , clever and capable to t

32、he position of the leadership of the company.A. whatever . whoever .whichever .whomever( )18、The one concern for parents and students is _ the student pursues their university education in a foreign country, the student will not have the opportunity to establish social contacts in China.A. that B. t

33、hat if C. whether D. how( )19、Eventually, she has recognized_, whatever happens and however bad _ seems today, life still goes on and everything will be better tomorrow. Cwhat she was going to do the next day Dwhat was she going to do tomorrow( )13、In 1492 Culumbus and his crew arrived _ was so-call

34、ed the New World by the westerners.A. in what B. in which C. what D. where( )14、It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.AwhoseBwhat CwhichDthat( )15、After_ seemed an endless effort，the patient was finally able to carry out_ seemed a perfectly normal

35、walk.A. what；what Bthat; that Cit; that Dwhich; like( )16、Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experiments failedAwhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhere( )17、The chief manager has decided to put he thinks is energetic , clever and capabl

36、e to the position of the leadership of the company.A. whatever . whoever .whichever .whomever( )18、The one concern for parents and students is _ the student pursues their university education in a foreign country, the student will not have the opportunity to establish social contacts in China. A. th

37、at B. that if C. whether D. how( )19、Eventually, she has recognized_, whatever happens and however bad _ seems today, life still goes on and everything will be better tomorrow. A. that; it B. it; that C. it; what D. that; what( )20、The soldiers soon reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers u

38、sed as a school.A. what , where B. what , which C. where , which D. what , where( )21、Sometimes advertisements make_possible for companies to sell the customers_money can not buy.A/；that Bit；what Cthat；which Dit；whose( )22、_ comes will be welcome to the openair concert.AWhatever BWhoever CNo matter

39、what DNo matter who( )23、_ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.AAsBIt CThatDWhat( )24、It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether( )

40、25、 the 18 passers-by in FuShan, Guangdong Province showed no concern to the victim of a traffic accident, a two-year-old girl _ was run over by two drivers generated a deep and wide reflection of conscienceAWhat, who BThat, who CAs, that DWhen, whom( )26、_ some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult

41、 life can be after they get addicted to drugsAWhat, how BThat, how CWhat, what a DThat, what( )27、_ is know to us all is that the old worker, for _ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies.A. As; whom B. What; whose C. It; whose D. What; whom( )28、Though I didnt have much working

42、 experience, _ he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me,A. If what B. That if C. That whether D. If that( )29、_ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.A. It is the sun and not the earth B. Being the sun and not the earthC. T

43、he sun and not the earth D. That the sun and not the earth( )30、 customs differ from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. What B. That C. Where D. Which( )31、Finding out more about the destination you _ chosen _ not only a good way to save money and avoid problems. A. are; is B. are; are C. have; is D. have; are( )32、_ surprises me most is _ he doesnt even know _