英语语法复习及配套练习答案.docx

《英语语法复习及配套练习答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法复习及配套练习答案.docx（149页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一句子成分（）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成 分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、 数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American cou music has become more and more popular.（名词）We

2、 often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）7b sw加 in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）SmokhiR does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are 史oin史 to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to mas

3、ter a foreign殳uaae. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（=）i胃语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主 语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和

4、状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an America.（名 词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty onel （数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hob

5、by （爱好）is Dlaving football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is 皿.The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has “eiei been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition （展览）yesterday.（名 词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词

6、）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名 词化形容词）He pretended not to see阳已（不定式短语）词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意,

7、 people, police, cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7、由 lot of, lots of9 plenty of? the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数 或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the stude

8、nts in our class are girls.注意:a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of ”的数量”， 主语是number,谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comos the bus./On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原贝！J：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因 有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、wha

9、t, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如： Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、假设英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数 形式 o 如： Th

10、e Arabian NightsTs an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也 可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾,如：mathematics, politics, phy

11、sics 以及 news, works 等， 都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 如： The paper works was built in 1990. /1 think physics isn 7 easy to study.7 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of 等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定

12、冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原那么：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由 either . or, neither . nor, whether . or .? not only . but also 连接时,谓但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s,构成复数形式：belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe（保险箱）一 safes, proof （证据） proofs, chief 一 chiefs, handkerchief 一 handkerchiefs2、有些名词，不按上述规那么构成其复数

13、形式，有以下几种情况： 单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep 不规贝!1 变化： man 一 men, woman 一 women, goose geese, foot 一 feet, tooth 一 teeth, child 一 children, mouse 一 mice, ox 一 oxen 。 但是，German 一 Germans 复合名词的复数形式：editor-in-chief - editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law - daughters-in-law,grown-up grown-ups, woman t

14、eacher 一 women teachers, man driver 一 men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别，如：fishes 各种鱼，fruits各种水果，steels各种钢材。 物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags of apples,four pieces bread。 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：work （工作）一 works （著作），arm （手 臂）一 arms （军火），glass （玻璃）一 glasses （

15、眼镜），cloth （布）一 clothes （衣服）。定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，那么 表示假设干个姓的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, mathematics, news, the United States 有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。如：police, people, cattle有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。 如：class, family, couple, audience, government, pub

16、lic 有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某 种”或“ 一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指 各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure to talk with you. ； What a surprise.（五）名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“”或“s。如：Tom9s bike, Engles9s （Engles9） works, a works school, Womens Day,

17、the editor-in-chiefs office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“，s”，如果不是共有，就要在两 个名词的词尾都加上 “s”。如：Tom and Mikes room.（共有），Toms and Mike、books.（不共有）。3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“飞”或表示所有格，如：todays papers, ten minutes5 walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。如：the tailors5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of

18、 the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。 如：the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的局部或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生 命的名词，这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数 词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncled, a daughter of Mrs Greenes, the house of one of my friends（六）名词的普通格作定语表材料、地

19、点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。e.g. stone figures （石像）；paper money （纸币）；country music （乡村音乐）；table cloth （桌 布）;river bank （河岸）；school gate （校门 口）； book stores （书店）；traffic lights （交通灯）;summer holidays （暑假）；evening dress （晚礼服）。但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。e.g. sports meet （运动会）；the United States government （美国

20、政府）；students reading-room （学生阅览室）;goods train （货车）；two men doctors （两个男医生）。练习、名词1. The of the room were covered with.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leaves2. There are three in our factory.A. woman doctors B. women doctors3. Which do you prefer or?A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoesC. rooves, leafsC.

21、woman doctorC. potatoes, tomatosD. rooves, leavesD. women doctorD. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are of different presses（出版社） Now they are having a meeting in one of theoffice.A. editor-in-chief, editors-in-chiePsC. editors-in-chiefs9 editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two , A. stomachesB. editors-in-chie

22、f editor-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefB. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like fbr supper.A. chick B. chicken7. It was hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so as8. wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How a9. We know travels not so fast as lig

23、ht.A. soundB. soundsC. WhatC. the soundsC. chickens D. chicksD.such aD. What aD. a sound10. My family raise a lot of, including two.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cows11. A number of soldiers at he camp gate （军营 口）.A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. is12. The Browns have spent a large of m

24、oney on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. cow, cattlesD. wasD. size13. work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. ManyB. A great many14. Mr Li shook warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. A great deal ofC. handsD. A number ofD. the hands15. Two, please. A. coffee B. coffee

25、sC. cup of coffeeD. cups coffee16.1 cant pay as as he asked for.A. high price aB. high priceC. a high price17.knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. MansB. MensD. high a priceC. Mens5 D. Persons18.1 stayed atA. Xiao Wangs19. Sister Carrie works in aHave you ever readA. today newspaperfactory.B. Wan

26、gs homeA. shoes?B. newspaper todayTwo walk didnt made me tired. A. hour21. The mother over there is mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and MarysLi Mings handwriting is better thanA. anyone9sB. anyone elseThe children are playing on theA. sand, sandB. sands, sandsIf these trousers are too big, buy a s

27、mallerC. the Wangs D. home of WangB. shoses C. shoe D. shoesC. newspaper of today D. todays newspaperB. hours C. hours D. hoursC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and Maryin the class.C. anyones elsesD. anyone elses26. Tom usually takes a in bus on rainy days.27. We have no about where she has gone.A. info

28、rmationB. newsC. sand, sandsA. set B. oneA. walk B. rideD. sands, sandC. copy D. pairC. trip D. travelC. messageD. flash28. Food andA. clothMy29. Theare daily necessities （需要）fbr the people.B. clotheC. clothesof hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strengthD. clothingB. sense C. power D. skil

29、lcaused by carelessness yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedC. event, was taken place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear theA. beatingB. waysB. matter, happenedD. accident, took place of her heart.C. knockingD. striking32.has been told not to throw waste things any

30、where.A. The publicB. People33. He was an in the governmentC. WomenD. ManA. office, official34. There are severalB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officerin this novel who are different inA. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, charactersD. characters, charact

31、er35. We visited him when he was in hospital.A. every other days B. each other day 36. My friend will return in.A. one day or two B. a day or two 37.is always difficult fbr me.C. every other dayC. one day or twoA. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translation38.of this novel is excellent, quite to my su

32、rprise.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translation39. The police looking into the matter now. A. be B. isC.D. every two dayD. a or two daysD. A translationD. A translationare D. are going to40. The Chinese are brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. oneNo news good news.A. isB. are C. ha

33、ve D. has41. Maths still very difficult fbr me9 though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. areWhere my trousers? the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are42. How happy they are! Obviously, they are.A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit 45.1 saw many seate

34、d in the comer reading something.A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of JapanesesFather went to his doctor fbr about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advicesWe are and they are.A. Englishmen, Germans8. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen 48.are

35、 made of.A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glassesTil have to buy trousers.A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of49. There are two in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Liusis needed in cold countries.A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D.

36、Lots of clothesThey are.A. mathematics studentB. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematics D. mathematics studentsThe laboratory assistant recorded the reactions （反响）.A. mouses9B. miceC. mices9D. micesThis letter was sent by.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my father D. a

37、friend of my father 55. Ten years had passed. I found she had.A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs.1 have made with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is than that of Xian。A. more B. larger C. fewer D. smal

38、lThere are thirty-two in our school.A. woman teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teachersHe had tried everything but it made little.A. useB. goodC. differenceD. resultYou must get there within half an hour. There should be no in sending the blood to the dyingman.A. waitB. delayC. timeD.

39、 hurryEnough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any.A. excuseB. senseC. useD. value-How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my of spare time.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD. intention58. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has en

40、ough money to pay for the.A. travelB. tourismC. journeyD. courseOne splendid mountain followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. viewB. glanceC. screenD. sceneThe new law will come into on the day it is passed. (1999 上海)A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existenceWhen you play footb

41、all, what do you play?A. situationB. placeC. partD. positionItTs important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the in language studies.A. situationB. expressionC. conditionD. translationwrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. viewD. appreciationO

42、ne of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a goodA. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look69. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of are widely used in the country.A. energyB. forceC. powerD. materialswith foreign countries can bring us much information about the

43、world.A. ContrastB. CompetitionC. ContactD. CombinationWe all know that speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performances C. operationsD. actions73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into.(NMET1997 38)A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deedD. selectionD. coffee cupD. friendshipD. wealt

44、h; works74.Weve missed the last bus. Pm afraid we have no but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. wayB. choiceC. possibility.He dropped the and broke it. (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffeeB. coffees cupC. cup for coffee.Herefs my card. Lets keep in. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touchB. relationC. connection.He gained h

45、is by printing of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; workB. wealths ; works C. wealths; work.P11 look into the matter as soon as possible Just have a little.(MET 1996 ,10)A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. restf by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a.(NMET 1997,18)A. messageB. lette

46、rC. sentenceD. notice.These football players had no strict until they joined our club. (1997,上海 20)A. practiceB. educationC. exerciseD. training.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of.(1996.上海.15)A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material.Youll find this map of gr

47、eat _in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)D. usefulnessD. actionsD.fashionA. priceB. costC. value.We all know that speak louder than words.（1999.上海 24）A. movementsB. performancesC. operations.My parents always let me have my own of living. （1999.上海 25）A. wayB. methodC. manner语法复习十八：数词高考重点要求：1 .掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2 .掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。数词在各个题项中，单项选择、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精 确性和可信性。数词是由两大局部构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等 均由这两大局部的不同组合而构成。（）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：范围特点实 例112无规律one, two, th