高一英语牛津译林版必修一定语从句.doc

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1、定语从句一、根本概念1定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语句子。2先行词：被定语从句修饰名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个概念时可用 a , an 。3关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。假设先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；假设先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4定语从句位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子构造需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。5引导定语从句关系

2、词分为二类：关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as关系副词：when, where, why二、根本用法1关系代词根本用法见下表：关系代词从句中作用例句who指人作主语宾语可省略1This is the girl who / that teaches us English. ( who / that指人，修饰先行词the girl，在从句中作主语)2He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday. ( whom / who / that 指人，修饰先行词the boy在从句中作宾语，whom / who /

3、 that 可省略。)whom指人作宾语可省略whose指人、物作定语3This is the girl whose father is an engineer. whose作定语，用来修饰人4I live in a room whose windows face the south. whose作定语，用来修饰物，whose windows = the windows of which或of which the windowswhich指物作主语宾语可省略6This is the book which / that I lost yesterday. (which/ that指物，作宾语，可

4、省略)7The clock is an instrument which / that can tell time. which / that 指物，作主语8Do you know the woman that / who lives next door (that / who 指人，作主语)that指人、物作主语宾语可省略as指物作主语、宾语可修饰整个主句9This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. (as指物，在从句中作宾语)10As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. (as指代整个主句内容)2使用关系代

5、词时应注意几个问题：a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 1.I told him all (that) I know. 2.He gave her everything (that) he had.2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2.You c

6、an take any book (that) you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。 1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the

7、 earthquake have all been found.5.在Who, Which引起疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday6. 假设有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.7. 领先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Mary is no longer the girl

8、(that) she used to be.b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中pen)New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句)2. 假设有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterda

9、y was the one (which) he liked best.3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.c.领先行词为指人关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。1. 先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3.

10、He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man.2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard.3. 在被分隔定语从句中，须用who。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.4. 在以there be开头句子中，多用who。There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.5. 假设有两个定语从句，其中一个关系

11、代词是that，另一个须用who。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.d. as和which使用场合。aswhich引导非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修饰“积极方面修饰“消极方面在句中含义意为“正如、“就像无此意常用搭配常和such，so，the same等连用无此用法“ + be + 过去分词构造“be可以省略“be不能省略表示状态动词as is said above, as already mentioned aboveas is often the

12、caseas it isas is known to all无此用法都能引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子内容如： As we all know, he studies very hard.比拟：He studies very hard, as / which we all know. Ive never seen such a clever man as he is.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.He was late, which made the teacher angry.The bridge is really won

13、derful, as (is) shown in the picture.The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.e. the sameas 和the same that不同。This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 这本书和我昨天借给你相似。相似物This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 这正是我昨天借给你那本书。同一物【小试牛刀】I用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as填空。1. The

14、 earthquake _shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the earthquake.3. The house _they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.4. The house _is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5. The boy _ father is a tea

15、cher is very clever.6. A clock is a machine _tells people the time.7. Our village is no longer the one _ it used to be.8.The house _ he is looking for is very expensive.9. Do you know the man _ houses are all broken10. _ is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once very month.【答案】1. that/

16、which 2. who/ that 3. that/ which / 不填 4. that/ which 5. whose6. that / which 7. that / 不填 8. that / which / 不填 9. whose 10. asII把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句复合句。1. The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song.2. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river.3. The girl works very hard. Her fath

17、er is a doctor.4. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen.5The pen is very old. I lent it to you this morning.III翻译下面句子1刚刚作演讲那个教授已经走了。_2你认识那个母亲是教师女孩吗_3鸟是一种能飞动物。_4我上周买那支钢笔很廉价。_5门朝北开那间房子已经被卖了。_【答案】1. The professor that / who made the speech just now has left.2. Do you know the gir

18、l whose mother is a teacher3. A bird is an animal which / that can fly.4. The pen (that / which) I bought last week is very cheap.5. The room whose door faces north has been sold.3关系副词根本用法关系副词从句中作用例句when作时间状语I remember the days when I stayed there.where作地点状语This is the room where I lost my pen.why作原

19、因状语This is the reason why he was late.思考：同样是表示地点先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词where？同样是表示时间先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词when？请比照以下几组句子：I have found the factory that / which he visited last week.I have found the factory where he stayed last week.The days that / which I spent there are unforg

20、ettable.The days when I stayed there are unforgettable.The reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.The reason why he was late is that he got up late.说明: 当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因名词, 我们仍然使用关系代词that, which。这主要根据从句中谓语动词是及物还是不及物。注意：1当用作关系副词，假设修饰表示名词time，d

21、ay，moment，way时，用that代替when / why等。如：It happened on the day that/ when I was born. I dont like the way (that / in which) you speak to your mother.4由介词+which / whom 引导定语从句介词一般由定语从句动词而定。He is the boy whom / who / that we are talking about= He is the boy about whom we are talking.The pen which /that I w

22、rote the article with is gone.= The pen with which I wrote the article.几种特殊情况：a. 由when, where, why 引导定语从句常常可以替换成“介词 + which / whom形式：when = in / on / at which, where = in / on / at +which, why = for whichb. whose+ n.= the+ n. + of whom / which = of whom / which + the + n. 如：whose father = the father

23、 of whom = of whom the fatherwhose window = the window of which =of which the windowc. 由介词短语+whom/which 引起定语从句 This is our classroom, in front of which there is a garden.The building at the back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building.He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple

24、.d. 数词/代词+介词+which/ whom 引起定语从句I have some books, one of which is in English. She has many friends, all of whom are in the same class. (比拟：She has many friends. All of them are in the same class.)但有些短语动词中介词不能提前，因为其短语拆开后完全改变了原来意思。 This is the book that / which Im looking for There are many patients t

25、hat the nurses look after.5what在其引导从句中作定语What在它所引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中作主语、宾语或表语外，还可作定语。如：Dont worry. I will give you what help I can. 别担忧，我会近我所能帮你。= any help that 或as much help asWhat 在从句中作定语时，还可于few，little连用修饰名词，表示“尽管不多，但已经全部。如：I will lend you what few books I can spare. 我愿把为数不多书全部借给你。 = all the few boo

26、ks that We contributed what little money we had towards the flood-stricken area.= all the little money that【小试牛刀】IV用关系副词when, where, why填空1. Do you still remember the place _ you were born2. I dont remember the date _ my father were born.3. Yesterday we went to visit the house _ the great writer use

27、d to live.4. Do you know the reason _ he killed himself5. He was born in the year _ the Second World War broke out.6. He always wants to go to his hometown and visited the place _ he grew up.7. Kunming is a beautiful city _ flowers are seen all the year round.8. The children today are lucky as they

28、are living in a time _ our country is open to the outside world.9. Please tell me the reason _ he is angry.10. This kind of programme will be well received in the countries _ many Chinese are living.【答案】1. where 2. when 3. where 4. why 5. when 6. where 7. where8. when 9. why 10. whereV翻译下面句子1我已经找到了我

29、朋友居住那间房子了。2你记得你妈妈出生日期吗？3请告诉我你买到那块手表地方。4我不喜欢他原因是他太笨了。5上海是个大城市，在那里你可以见到许多外国人。【答案】1. I have found the room where my friends once lived.2. Do you still remember the date when your mother was born3. Please tell me the place where you bought the watch.4. The reason why I dont like him is that he is too st

30、upid.5. Shanghai is a big city, where you can see many foreigners.VI用恰当关系词填空1. The first lesson _ the old professor taught was not easily forgotten.2. Mr. White told his wife the persons and things _ he saw in China.3. Who is the girl _ shook hands with our headmaster4. The report _ they are listeni

31、ng to is very important.5. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come to school last week6. Did you understand the last report _ was made by the foreigner7. Would you please lend me the same book _ he has borrowed8. Please tell us the days _ we are going to have our exams.9. The factory _ makes bikes wa

32、s built in 1930.10. He told me everything _ he had seen in the accident.11. The camp was full of people _ homes had been destroyed.12. Tom is the student with _ I want to have a talk.13. Do you remember the village _ we worked last summer14. Do you remember the village _ we visited last summer15. Do

33、 you remember the days _ we spent together last summer【答案】 1. (that) 2. (that)3. that4. (that / which)5. why6. which / that7. as8. when9. which / that10. (that)11. whose12. whom13. where14. (that / which)15. (that / which)【强化练习】I. 不定项选择1. The old lady _is his grandmother. A. you talked B. that you t

34、alked aboutC. you talked to her D. you talked to2. A man _Jack went to Qingdao for a holiday yesterday. A. whos name is B. who his name is C. whose name is D. his name is3. He lives in a room _door is broken. A. whose B. which C. its D. that4. We visited the factory _makes toys for children. A. wher

35、e B. which C. in which D. that5. The film _last night was wonderful.A. which we saw B. that we saw C. which was shownD. that was shown 6. Ill never forget the place _I visited ten years ago. A. where B. that C. in which D. what7. Sep. 18, 1995 is a day _well never forget.A. when B. in which C. that

36、D. for which8. The girl _ you met just now is very interesting.A. which B. that C. whom D. who9. The factory _you visited yesterday was built in 1930.A. who B. which C. that D. whom10. There is a mountain _top is always covered with snow.A. of which B. whose C. its D. its11. The car ran over a boy a

37、nd a dog _were just crossing the street.A. who B. whom C. that D. which12. The lessons _were not easily forgotten.A. which he taughtB. which were taughtC. that were taughtD. that he taught13. The student _is a three-good student.A. whose parents diedB. who you metC. whom you metD. who we were talkin

38、g about14. I want to go and thank the woman _helped me.A. who B. that C. which D. whose son15. The man _was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to him【答案】1. BD 2. C 3. A 4. BD 5. ABCD 6. B 7. C 8. BCD 9. B

39、C 10. B 11. C 12. ABCD 13. ABCD 14. ABD 15. AV各地模拟题汇编1. This is Mr. White, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. (海淀4月卷) A. which B. whomC. thatD. who2. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, _ people began to enjoy the advantages of this technology. (东城5月卷)A. and B. w

40、henC. whichD. because3. Id like to live somewhere _ the sun shines all year long. (西城5月卷)A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which4. In Wasdale there is a mysterious dark lake, _ depth has never been measured. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose (海淀5月卷)5. Is it the years _ you worked in the factory _ have a gr

41、eat effect on your literary works (湖北八校一模卷)A. that; whereB. that; thatC. when; whereD. when; that6. He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _ case hell eat almost anything.A. whatB. thatC. whoseD. which (苏锡常镇一模卷)7. Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main s

42、ituations _ English is used. (黄冈卷)A. whenB. thatC. howD. where8. Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, _ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply. (南京二模卷)A. whenB. thatC. so thatD. where9. The soldiers soon reached _ was once an old temple _ the villages used as a school. (汕头卷)A. which; whereB. what; whichC. where; whichD. what; where