医学英语词汇(前后缀,词根)(15页).doc

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1、-Medical Terminologyhttp:/msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Worksheets/medterms/default.htmlDifferent professions have different languages. An example of this is auto maintenance: automobile mechanics use terms to describe the objects and situations they encounter while working, such as master cylinder and

2、 oil filter. Comparatively, medical workers use terms to describe the objects and situations encountered in their fields, such as hepatitis and intravenous. The words - or terms - which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field, or Medical Terminology.L

3、ike every other language, medical terminology has changed over time. The basis for medical terminology; however, remains the same. The majority of medical terms are based in Latin or Greek. RootsWord RootDefinitionabdominabdomenacanththorny, spinyacetabulacetabulum (hip socket)acouhearingacrextremit

4、ies; heightactinray; radiusadenoidadenoidsadenglandadrenaladrenal glandadrenadrenal glandaerair; gasalbuminalbuminalgesipainalveolalveolusamblydull; dimamniamnionamnionamnionamylstarchandrmaleangivesselanisunequal; dissimilarankylcrooked; stiff; bentantrantrumananusaortaortaaponeuraponeurosisappendi

5、cappendixarchefirst; beginningarteriarteryarteriolarteriole (small artery)arthrjointarticuljointatelimperfect; incompleteatheryellowish; fatty plaqueatriatriumaurearautselfaxillarmpitazoturea; nitrogenbacteribacteriabalanglans penisbilifebilbileblastdeveloping cellblephareyelidbrachiarmbronchbronchu

6、sbronchiolbronchiolebucccheekbursbursa (cavity)calccalciumcancercancercarcincancercardiheartcarpcarpals (wrist bones)caudtail; toward the lower part of the bodyceccecumceliabdomen (abdominal cavity)cephalheadcerebellcerebellumcerebrcerebrum, braincerumincerumen (earwax)cerviccervixcheillipchirhandch

7、olangibile ductcholgall; bilecholedochcommon bile ductchondrcartilagechorichorionchromcolorclavicclavicle (collarbone)claviculclavicle (collarbone)colcoloncolpvaginaconidustconjunctivconjunctivacorepupilcornecorneacoronheartcorticcortex (outer layer of body organ)corpupilcostribcranicranium (skull)c

8、rycoldcrypthiddenculdculdesaccutaneskincyanbluecyespregnancycystbladder; saccytcelldacrytear, tear ductdactylfingers or toesdenttoothdermatskindermskindextrrightdiaphorsweatdiaphragmatdiaphragmdipltwo; doubledipsthirstdiskintervertebral diskdiverticuldiverticulumdorsback (of the body)duodenduodenumd

9、urhard; dura materdynampower or strengthechsoundectoplocated away from usual placeelectrelectricity, electrical activityembryembryo; to be fullemmetra normal measuesencephalbrainendocrinendocrineenterintestinesepididymepididymisepiglottepiglottisepisivulvaepitheliepitheliumerythrredesophagesophaguse

10、sthesisensation, sensitivity, feelingeticause (of disease)facifacefemorfemur (upper leg bone)fetfetus; unborn childfibrfibrous tissue, fibersfibulfibula (lower leg)gangligangliongangliongangliongastrstomachgerold age; agedgerontold age; agedgingivgumglomerulglomerulusglosstongueglucsweetness; sugarg

11、lycsugarglycossugargnathjawgnosknowledgegonseedgravidpregnancygynecwomangynwomanhembloodhematbloodhepatliverherniherniaheterotherhidrsweathisttissuehomsamehomesameness; unchanginghumerhumerus (upper arm bone)hydrwaterhymenhymenhypnsleephysteruterusiatrmedicine; physicianichthyfishileileumiliiliumimm

12、unimmuneiridirisiriirisischiischiumischdeficiency; blockageisequal; samejejunjejunumkalpotassiumkarynucleuskeratcorneakerathorny tissue; hardkinmovementkinesimovement; motionkyphhumplabilipslabyrinthlabyrinthlacrimtear duct, tearlactmilklaminlamina (thin; flat plate or layer)laparabdomenlarynglarynx

13、latersideleismoothleukwhitelingutonguelipfatlithstone; calculusloblobelordbent forwardlymphlymphmacrabnormal largenessmammbreastmandibulmandible (lower jawbone)mastbreastmastoidmastoidmaxillmaxilla (upper jawbone)meatmeatus (opening)melanblackmeningmeningesmeniscmeniscus (crescent)menmenstruationmen

14、tmindmetruterusmononemorphform; shapemucmucusmycfungusmyelbone marrow; spinal cordmyelonbone marrowmyosmusclemyringeardrummymusclenarcstupornasnosenatbirthnecrdeath (cells; body)nephrkidneyneurnervenoctnightnyctnightnyctalnightoculeyeoligscanty; fewomphalumbilicu; navelonctumoronychnailooegg; ovumoo

15、phorovaryophthalmeyeoptvisionorchidtestis; testicleorchitestis; testicleorchtestis; testicleorganorganormouthorthstraightosteboneotearoveggoxoxygenpachythickpalatpalatepancreatpancreaspapillnippleparathyroidparathyroid glandparbear; give birth to; laborpatellpatella (kneecap)pathdiseasepartbear; giv

16、e birth to; laborpectorchestpedchild; footpelvpelvis; pelvic boneperineperineumperitoneperitoneumpetrstonephaclens of the eyephageat; swallowphaklens of the eyephalangpharynxphasspeechphlebveinphotlightphrenmindphysinatureplasmplasmapleurpleurapneumatlung; airpneumlung; airpneumonlung; airpodfootpol

17、igray matterpoikilvaried; irregularpolyppolyp; small growthposterback (of body)primfirstproctrectumprostatprostate glandpseudfake; falsepsychmindpubpubispuerperchildbirthpulmonlungpupillpupilpyelrenal pelvispylorpylorus (pyloric sphincter)pypuspyrfever; heatquadrfourrachivertebra; spinal or vertebra

18、l columnradicnerve rootradiculnerve rootradiradius (lower arm bone)rectrectumrenkidneyretinretinarhabdrodshaped, striatedrhinnoserhytidwrinklesrhiznerve rootsalpingfallopian (uterine) tubesarcflesh; connective tissuescapulscapula (shoulder bone)sclersclerascolicrooked, curvedsebsebum (oil)septseptum

19、sialsalivasigmoidsigmoidsinussinussomatbodysomnsleepsonsoundspermatspermatozoan; spermspermspermatozoan; spermsphygmpulsespirbreathe; breathingsplenspleenspondylvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnstapedstapes (middle ear bone)staphylgrapelike clusterssternsternum (breastbone)stethcheststomatmouthst

20、repttwisted chainssynovisynovia; synovial membranesystemsystemtarstarsals (ankle bones)tarsedge of eyelid; tarsal (instep of foot)tendintendontendtendontentendontesttestis; testiclethermheatthoracthorax (chest)thrombclotthymthymus glandthyroidthyroid glandthyrthyroid glandtibitibia (lower leg bone)t

21、omcut; sectiontontension, pressuretonsilltonsilstopplacetoxicpoisontrachelneck; neckliketrachetracheatrichhairtympaneardrum; middle earulnulna (lower arm bone)ungunailureterureterurethrurethraurinurine; urinary tractururine; urinary tractuteruterusuvuluvulavaginvaginavalvvalvevalvulvalvevasvessel; d

22、uctvenveinventriculventriclevertebrvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnvesicbladder; sacvesiculseminal vesiclesviscerinternal organsvulvvulvaxanthyellowxerdry PrefixesPrefixDefinitionawithout or absence ofabfrom; away fromadto; towardanwithout or absence ofanaup; again; backwardantebeforeantiagainst

23、apouponbitwobintwobradyslowcatadowncontogethercontraagainstdefrom; down from; lack ofdiathorough; completedisto undo; free fromdysdifficult; labored; painful; abnormalectooutside; outerendowithinepion; upon; overesoinwardeunormal; goodexoutside; outwardexooutside; outwardextraoutside of; beyondhemih

24、alfhyperabove; excessivehypobelow; incomplete; deficientinin; into; notinfraunder; belowinterbetweenintrawithinmalbadmesomiddlemetaafter; beyond; changemicrosmallmultimanyneonewnullinonepanall; totalparabeside; beyond; aroundperthroughperisurrounding (outer)polymany; muchpostafterprebefore; in front

25、 ofprobeforerebackretroback; behindsemihalfsubunder; belowsuperover; abovesupraabovesymtogether; joinedsyntogether; joinedtachyfast; rapidtetrafourtransthrough; across; beyondtrithreeultrabeyond; excessunione Suffixesacpertaining toalpertaining toarpertaining toarypertaining toealpertaining toialper

26、taining toicpertaining toouspertaining toagraexcessive painalgiapainapheresisremovalaseenzymeastheniaweaknessatresiaabsence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closurecapniacarbon dioxidecelehernia; protrusioncentesissurgical puncture to aspirate fluidcidalkillingclasiabreakclasisbreakclastbreakcly

27、sisirrigating; washingcoccus (pl. cocci)berryshaped ( a form of bacterium)crineseparate; secretecritto separatecytecelldesissurgical fixation; fusiondromerun; runningectasisstretching out; dilatation; expansionectomyexcision or surgical removalectopiadisplacementemesisvomitingemiablood conditioneron

28、e whoesisconditioniasisconditiongensubstance or agent that produces or causesgenesisorigin; causegenicproducing; originating; causinggramrecord; x-ray filmgraphinstrument used to recordgraphyprocess of recording; xray filmingiacondition of diseased or abnormal stateiatryphysician; treatmenticianone

29、whoictalseizure; attackismstate ofitisinflammationlepsyseizurelysisloosening; dissolution; separatinglyticdestroy; reducemalaciasofteningmaniamadness; insane desiremegalyenlargementmeterinstrument used to measuremetrymeasurementmorphform; shapeodiasmellodyniapainoidresemblingologistone who studies a

30、nd practices (specialist)ologystudy ofomatumor; swellingopiavision (condition)opsyto viewoorhagiarapid flow of bloodorrhaphysuturing; repairingorrheaflow; excessive dischargeorrhexisruptureosisabnormal condition (means increased when used with blood cell word roots)ostomycreation of an artificial op

31、eningotomycut into or incisionoxiaoxygenparesisslight paralysispathydiseasepeniaabnormal reduction in numberpepsiadigestionpexysurgical fixation; suspensionphagiaeating; swallowingphilialovephilylovephobiaabnormal fear of or aversion to specific objects or thingsphoniasound or voicephoriafeelingphys

32、isgrowthplasiaformation; development; a growthplasmgrowth; substance; formationplastyplastic or surgical repairplegiaparalysispneabreathingpoiesisformationporosispassageprandialmealpraxiain front of; beforeptosisdropping; sagging; prolapseptysisspittingsalpinxfallopian tubesarcomamalignant tumorschi

33、sissplit; fissuresclerosishardeningscopeinstrument used for visual examinationscopyvisual examinationscopicvisual examinationsepsisinfectionsisstate ofspasmsudden involuntary muscle contractionstasiscontrol; stopstalsiscontractionstenosisconstriction; narrowingthoraxchesttociabirth; labortomeinstrument used to cuttripsysurgical crushingtrophynourishmentulelittleuriaurine; urination-第 15 页-