人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit4 SharingUnit3 Sea Exploration学案1：动词不定式.docx

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1、动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名 词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词 不定式短语。K观察例句1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilizations.2. Its very important to master a foreign language.3. The aim of this initiative is to encourage coo

2、peration and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.4. Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come.5. Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to ea

3、st.6. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals9 which also led to more awareness of each others cultures.7. Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times, there are still many other places left to explore.K归纳用法XL例句1中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作主语。例

4、句2中的it为形式主语，真正的 主语为后面的动词不定式短语。8. 例句3中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作表语。9. .例句4中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作宾语。10. .例句5中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。11. 句6中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作状语。12. .例句7中的黑体局部为动词不定式短语作定语。一、动词不定式的形式I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.主动语态被动语态意义一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have beendone表

5、示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时,，不定式的动作正在进行我打算参加明天举行的会议。（attend的动作在plan之后发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系)They are said to be studying psychology.据说他们正研究心理学。(be said与study同时发生)Im very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前)No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没

6、有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前，且 harm与do之间是被动关系)K名师点津II动词不定式的否认式在不定式符号to前加not；不带to的不定式那么在动词前加noteZhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.张明要我别整天待在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself.妈妈让我不要单独做这件事。K即学即练12用所给动词的适当形式填空 They seem(know) each other for a long time. They pretended(work) hard when the teac

7、her came in.(3)1 wanted the letter(type) at once.二、不定式的句法功能动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语、但可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和 状语等多种成分。1 .作主语To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。K名师点津U为了防止头重脚轻，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后面，用it作形式主语，放 在句首。假设要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加上“for/of+机/厂所产结构。当形 容词表达事物的特征时用for sb.；当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of sb.,这

8、样的 形容词有 careful, cruel, foolish, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice, stupid, wise, wrong 等。Its very important for you to remember this.对你来说记住这一点很重要。Its very kind of you to help me.你能帮我真是太好了。2 .作表语不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词之 后的不定式（尤其是to be）；二是像My job is to sweep t

9、he floor（我的工作就是擦地板）这样的 主语与表语“等价”的情形；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。He seems to be ill.他似乎生病了。Her wish is to be a teacher.她的愿望是当一名教师。We are to meet at the bus station at three.我们约定3点钟在车站见面。（表约定）3 .作宾语常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：“决心学会想希望decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect/long“设法假装在拒绝“：manage, pretend,

10、 refuse“主动容许选计划：offer, promise, choose, plan“同意请求帮一帮：agree, ask/beg, help夕卜力H afford, fail, would like/love, threatenoI can9t afford to buy a car.我买不起汽车。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但我今天下午不想游泳。K名师点津H不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而用形式宾语it代替，常见句式: think/believe/consider/find/f

11、eeL etc. + 不定式。I think it necessary to send for an expert.我认为请位专家来是有必要的。4 .作宾语补足语通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach

12、, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。What caused him to change his mind?是什么使他改变主意的？He didnt allow the students to go there.他没允许学生们去那儿。5 .作定语I have a question to ask you.我有一个问题要问你。He is not a man to tell a lie.他不是个说谎的人。K名师点津II不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式用主动形 式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。The Br

13、owns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。6 .不定式作状语(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。To succeed ? one must first of all believe in himself.要想成功，首先必须相信自己。(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。We hurried to the station， only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(3)

14、形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased， fortunate， right 等。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我有多么高兴。(4)在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+ to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 该结构中常用

15、的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous 等。The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不易携带。7 .动词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用,在句中起名 词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。How to solve the problem is very important主语)如何解决这一问题很重要。He didnt know what

16、to ask.(宾语)他不知道该问些什么。My question is when to start.(表语)我的问题是何时开始。K即学即练23用所给动词的适当形式填空It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused(stop) until we reached the next stop.He is thought(act) foolishly. Now

17、he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.三、省略to的情况1 .在某些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式，常不带t。；如果这些动 词用于被动结构，其后的t。就必须补上。这类词可以用以下口诀助记：一感：feel 二听：listen to, hear 三让： make, have, let五看：see, watch, observe, look at, noticeoI often hear him sing the song.我经常听见他唱那首歌。He is often heard to sing the song.他

18、经常被人听见唱那首歌。2 .在以why引导的疑问句中，表示建议，不定式不带t。Why congratulate her?为什么要祝贺她呢？Why not conduct the interview right now?为什么不马上主持面试呢？3 . 在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but 之后的动词不定式不带 to。I cannot but admire his courage.我只有佩服他的勇气。4 .动词不定式在but, except, besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do,那么， 这些词后的动词不定式不带to,否那么

19、要带to。She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭，不能做任何事。I have no choice but to work for the firm.除了为这家公司工作，我别无选择。What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳，你还喜欢做什么？5 .为了防止重复，动词不定式可省去t。Im really puzzled about what to think or say.想什么，说什么，我确实困惑了。K名师点津H在 expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, forget, want, try 以及 be g

20、lad, be happy, wouldlike, should love, would love等后面，常用to来代替前面的不定式，以防止重复。I havent conducted a performance, but I wish to.我没有主持过演出，但是我希望主持一场。K即学即练33 用所给动词的适当形式填空 I had nothing to do but(wait) outside of the gate. Why not(turn) off the gas at once?(3) They couldnt choose but(stay) there. 参*考*答*案 K 艮I 学艮I 练 1 3 to have knownto be workingto be typedR 即学即练 2 U to reduce to stop (3)to have actedK即学即练3Uwaitturnstay