人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction课时作业4：Reading and Thinking(1).docx

《人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction课时作业4：Reading and Thinking(1).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction课时作业4：Reading and Thinking(1).docx（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTIONReading and Thinking(l)i .阅读理解AA little girl lines up plastic letters in front of a little robot.The robot struggles to reproduce them on a tablet.The girl kindly steps in to help, writing out the word to show the robot how to do it.She puts in effort to teach the robot, withou

2、t realizing that she is actually the one who is improving her writing skills.Yesterday， EPFL researchers introduced their new teaching tool at the Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI) held in Portland, the USA.The program is based on a principle called Learning by Teaching”. When children exp

3、erience difficulties in writing, they can easily lose confidence, or even gradually lose interest in the learning process.Eventually， their entire education can be affected.When students put themselves in the place of a teacher and pass on what they know to their peers, they can regain their self co

4、nfidence and interest in their studies. Scientists developed progressive writing algorithms (算法)and used them in an existing robot model which was designed to interact with humans.With these algorithms, the machine can slowly draw words on demand, and then gradually improve.To do this, it uses many

5、handwriting examples, which allow it to reproduce common errors made by young children while learning.lt is also possible to program the robot so that it can pay attention to the particular difficulties of a student.The system has already been used in primary school lessons with about seventy studen

6、ts ranging from six to eight years old, and then individually with a six-year-old child for one hour per week over the course of one month.So far the system has been very well received.K语篇解读U本文为说明文，题材为科普环保类。本文向我们介绍了一个可以用于教学的智能机器人。1 .The little girl is mentioned to.A.advertise an old robotB.introduce

7、 a smart girl to usC.lead to the topic of the textD.explain how girls study todayK答案c K推理判断题。由文章内容可知，本文主要是关于一个可以用于 教学中的智能机器人，作者提到那个小女孩是为了引出下文。H.What kind of role does the robot play?A.A teacher who is good at teaching.B.A student who needs to be taught.C.A student who is good at his studies.D.A teac

8、her who knows students mistakes.K答案B K推理判断题。由第二段可知，那个机器人是用来让学生教的， 这说明那个机器人扮演的是一个学习不好、需要别人教的学生的角色。.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A.How the robot works.B.The popularity of the robot.C.Why the robot was designed.D.The appearance of the robot.答案A K段落大意题。由第三段可知，本段主要讲了这个机器人是如何 运作的。n.Those who

9、 have tried the system most probably consider it.A.difficultB. stupidC.childishD.helpfulK答 案】 D R推理判断题。由第四段最后一句So far the system has been very well received可知，使用过的人觉得这个系统很有用BScience fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.S

10、o its important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example, if youre writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.Then you have to figure out the e

11、xact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character cant drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers9 trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.If you start o

12、ut with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail.You sh

13、ould decide the following issues： the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feeb and react to things.You dont have to tell your readers all the rules in the first

14、 chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand whafs going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions （矛盾）before you start writing.When you are writing, remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able

15、to see, hear, feeb smell, and even taste what its like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like theyre actually there.K语篇解读U很多人对科幻小说充满兴趣，你是否想写科幻小说呢？2 .Whats the relationship between actual science and science fiction?A.Science fiction

16、 promotes the development of actual science.3 .Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.C.Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.D.Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.（答 案 H D K 推理判断题。从第一段的“The way things work in your imagi

17、nary worlds will be based on actual science.”即幻想世界事物产生的过程和方式基于现实科学，可知D项正确。H6 .The second paragraph is mainly developed by.A.making comparisonsB.giving examplesC.following the time orderD.analyzing causesK答案Bk写作手法题。第二段主要是通过举例的方式阐述了观点。H.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.It is necessary to do

18、 some scientific experiments before writing science fiction.B.It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels.C.Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers rules are true.D.It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.K答 案H C K推理判断题。从第二段的

19、“The issue here is maintaining your readers5 trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.” 可知 C 项 正确。力.The target readers of the passage are.A.young scientistsB.science fiction writersC.college studentsD.professional journalistsK答 案B K推理判断题。文章多处出现第二人称，如“The way things work in yo

20、ur imaginary worlds.?9,由此可推断出作者在与写科幻小说的人交流。U n .阅读七选五Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19, 000pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. 1So how do the trainers at

21、 Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce （强化） the behavior that they want repeatedly-in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope. 2 , in a position where the whale cant help but do whafs expected of it.Every time the whale goes over the rope, its given positive reinforcement and

22、 gets fed with fish.But what will happen when the whale goes under the rope? Nothingno criticism, no warnings and no feedback. 3 .Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results.And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often, the trainers begin

23、to raise the rope.It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesnt starve.4 .Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.Secondly, undercriticize.People know they need help when they mess up. 5 ， people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.S

24、o we need to set up the circumstances so that people cant fail.Overcelebrate, under criticize.and know how far to raise the rope.A.This is a great challengeB.And the whale stays right where it isC.If we figure out a way to motivate the whaleD.They start with the rope below the surface of the waterE.

25、If we under-criticize, punish and discipline less than expectedF.Whales are taught that their negative behavior wont be acknowledgedG.The simple lesson learned from the whale trainers is to overcelebrateK语篇解读H在驯兽师的训练下，体型庞大的鲸能跃出水面进行跳绳表演。驯兽师训练鲸的秘诀是：如果鲸完成被要求的动作，那么给它奖励；如果没有完成被 要求的动作，那么不给出任何反应，以此让它知道这样的行

26、为是得不到认可的。 l.AK根据空处所在位置可知，空处起着承上启下的作用；由空处上文可知，在驯兽师的训练下，鲸能跃出水面22英尺进行跳绳表演；据此可推知，这是一 个很大的挑战，故A项正确。X.D K根据空前一句可知，驯兽师训练鲸的第一步是反复强化他们想要让鲸做 的动作，在这种情况下，让鲸跳绳；由此可推知，此处表示开始时，他们会将绳 子放在水中，故D项正确。2 .F K根据上文可知，如果鲸完成被要求的动作，那么会得到鱼作为奖赏；如果鲸 没有完成被要求的动作，那么不批评、不警告，也不给它反应，由此可推知，这样 做是为了让鲸知道，如果它没有完成被要求的动作就得不到认可，故F项正确。I.G K根据空后一句Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”和尾段第二句中的Overcelebratev可推知，在训练鲸的过程中， 当它完成了被要求的动作时我们应当多赞扬，故G项正确力3 .E K根据上文中的“Secondly, undercriticize.”可知，该处讲的是从驯兽师 那里学到的第二个道理：少批评；据此可推知，此处讲的应是“少批评”的好处， 故E项符合语境。1